TAP CHi CONG THirtfNG
NGHIEN ClfU CAC YEU TO TAC DONG DEN NHAN THlfC CUA DU KHACH
VA CONG DONG DIA PHl/OfNG VE PHAT TRIEN BEN vCfNG DU LICH
VUNG DONG THAP MI/61
• BUI TRQNG TIEN BAO
TOM TAT:
Vide do Iffdng va ddnh gia mffe dd tdc ddng cffa ede yeu to'tac ddng dd'n nhdn tiiffc cua du khdeh va cdng ddng dia phtfdng ve phdt ti-ien b^n vffng du lich vung Dong Thdp Mffdi nham muc dich xay dtfng ede chie'n Itfdc phdt triln du hch hdi hda ede Idi ich cua du khdch, edng ddng dia phtfdng va cac cd quan ban nganh qudn ly boat ddng du lich vdi boat ddng tdn tao va giff gin cdc yd'u t6 ddc trtfng v^ nguon tai nguydn du lich vung Ddng Thdp Mtfdi cho cdc the' he tid'p theo. Nghidn ciJu da tien hdnh khao sat cdc du khdch va cpng ddng dja phffdng v^ nhdn thffc pbat trien ben vffng du lieh viing Dong Thdp Mtfdi hidn nay. Nghien cffu ve cd ban da kham pha cae yeu td cdc boat dpng kinh te', cdc hoat ddng xa hpi, cae hoat ddng mdi trffdng va san ph^m du lich tac ddng dd'n nhdn thffc cffa ngffdi dan dia phffdng, du khdch v l cac hoat ddng phdt tri^n ben vffng du lieh.
TiX khda: Phdt trien b^n vffng du lich, nhdn thffc ciia du khach, cdng ddng dia phffdng, hoat ddng kinh te', boat ddng mdi trtfdng, boat ddng xa hdi, san pham du lieh ben vffng, vffng Ddng Thap Mffdi.
1. Ly do nghidn ciJu
Nganh Du lich ngay cdng trd thanh ngdnh kinh te mui nbpn trong chie'n Iffdc phdt trie'n da't nffde.
Trong thdi gian qua, eae nha nghidn ctfu tap trung vao nghidn cffu stf phat trien ben vffng du lich, nham can bang giffa khai thdc du lich hidn tai vd giff gin sff phdt trien eho the' he sau, dam bao phdt trien ben vffng, tao ra cdc gia tri kinh te' cho edng ddng dia phffdng, han ehd'buy hoai mdi trffdng va tai nguyen du lich trong qua trinh khai thdc tdi nguyen du lich vao hoat dpng tham quan du lich
cua du khdeh. Ndng cao y thffe eua du khdch de co trdeh nhidm hdn dd'i vdi mdi trtfdng, van hda xa hdi va nen kinh td' dia phffdng.
Vung Ddng Thdp Mffdi (DTM) la lanh thd co sinh cdnh dat ngdp nffde npi dia vdi he sinh thai rffng Tram, bau sen - mot trong 03 sinh cdnh dd't ngdp nffde tidu bid'u nha't tao ndn eanh quan "Sdng ntfdc", la hinh dnh did'm den vung du lich ddng bang song Cffu Long. Sinh canh rffng Tram da tffng chie'm hdn mot nffa didn tich dd't phen vung dong bdng sdng Cffu Long, nay ehi edn lai 6 vung dat
QUANTRj-qnANlY
than bun U Minh va viing trung dd't phen Ddng Thdp Mffdi (tidu bid'u la Khu bao tdn RAMSA - Vffdn Qud'c gia Tram Chim va Khu bao tdn da't ngdp ntfdc Ldng Sen). Vffng DTM eung la ndi duy nha't d ddng bang sdng Cffu Long giiip du khdch cd the trdi nghiem day du vd chan thffc nha't ve
"mita nUdc ndi", vdi cdnh quan bau sen. cdc cdnh ddng "lua ma" ben eanh cdc gid tri da dang sinh hpc he sinh thdi rffng tram va vdn hda sinh hoat edng ddng. Hien nay, rd't it nghien cffu dinh Itfdng v^ ede yd'u td'tde ddng de'n nhan thffe ciia du khdch va ngffdi dan dja phffdng ve phdt trien ben vffng du lieh viing DTM. Chinh vi vdy, "nghien cdu cdc yi'u td tdc ddng den nhan thdc cua du khdch vd cpng ddng dia phuang vi phdt trien ben vdng du lich vUng Ddng Thdp Mudi" dang trd thanh vd'n de ed'p thie't, nham gidi quye't cac vd'n de hen quan de'n kinh te', xd hdi - van hda, mdi trtfdng vd san pham du lich, d l viing DTM htfdng de'n phdt trie'n ben vffng du lich. Dong thdi, nghidn cffu eung gdp phdn nang eao nhan thffe cua ed du khach va ngtfdi ddn dia phtfdng ve bao tdn da dang sinh hoc, phdt tnen sinh ke' ben vffng eho dia phtfdng va dinh htfdng nhffng hdnh ddng eua ngtfdi ddn theo chilu htfdng cd Idi cho bao ve thien nhidn (Dong Thanh Hai, Phung Vdn Phd, 2015).
2. Cd sd ly thuyd't 2.1. Phdt triin ben vSng du lich
Thuat ngff "phdt triin ben vdng" dtfdc Hdi ddng The' gidi ve Mdi trffdng va Phdt trien dffa ra vdi ndi dung cd ban: "Phdt triin ben vdng Id sUphdt trien ddp dng nhu cdu hien tai ma khdng lam tdn hai khd ndng cua cdc the he tUang lai trong dap dng cdc nhu cdu cua ho". Theo Nguyen Dinh Hde va VQ Van Hid'u(200l) nhdn dinh rang: Phdt trien du lich ben vdng la hoat ddng khai thdc mdi trudng tu nhien vd vdn hda nhdm thoa mdn cdc nhu cdu da dang cua khdch du lich, co quan tdm din cdc lai ich kinh te ddi han, ddng thdi tie'p tuc duy tri cdc khodn dong gop cho cdng tdc bao ve moi trUdng vd gdp phdn ndng cao mdc sdng cua cdng ddng dia phuang". Vu Vdn Ddng (2014) nhdn dinh: "Phdt triin ben vdng du lich Id phdt triin nhdng hoat ddng du lich vdi muc tiiu mang lai lai ich kinh te, tao cdng dn viic ldm cho xd hdi vd cdng ddng; thoa man cdc nhu cdu da dang ciia cdc thdnh phdn tham gia du lich... tren ca sd khai thdc cdc ngudn tdi
nguyen; ddng thdi co y thdc den viec ddu tutdn tao, bdo tdn vd duy tri tinh nguyen ven cua cdc ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien, dam bdo moi trudng trong sach; phdi gdn trdeh nhiem vd quyen lai cda cdng ddng trong viec khai thdc sd dung vd bdo ve tdi nguyin, moi trudng".
2.2. Muc tieuphdt trien du lich ben vdng Nguyin Manh Cffdng (2015) nhan dinh de' phat trien du lich bin vffng can nam ro 3 muc tieu cd ban sau day:
Ben vdng ve kinh te: Stf phat trie'n dn dinh, chdc ehdn va Idu ddi ciia nen kinh td'. Mud'n dat dffde dilu nay thi nganh Du lich phai ludn tao dtfde ngudn thu dn dmh cho cae ea nhan, to chffc boat ddng trong ngdnh Du lich ndi ridng va cho ca xa hpi ndi chung. Mat khac, phai gdp phan tich c\Sc vao stf tang trtfdng kmh td' - xa hdi, dem lai Idi ich eho cdng ddng ddn ctf dia phtfdng.
Ben vdng ve tdi nguyin vd mdi trudng: La vide sff dung cae tai nguyen khdng vffdt qud khd nang ttf phuc hdi eua tai nguydn va mdi trtfdng, sao cho dap ffng nhu eau phdt triln hidn tai, song khdng lam suy ye'u kha nang tdi tao trong ttfdng lai, Bdn eanh dd, ngffdi dan dia phffdng, la nhffng ngffdi trffc tid'p quan ly nhffng tai nguydn ndn ho am hid'u sau sac ve tai nguydn vd mdi trtfdng xung quanh, hp eung ehinh la nhffng ngffdi cd tdc ddng trffc tid'p va manh me nhd't dd'n tai nguydn va mdi trtfdng.
Ben vdng ve vdn hoa, xd hdi: Vide khai thac dap ffng nhu eau phdt trie'n du Hch hidn tai khdng Idm tdn hai, suy thodi eae gia tri van hda truyin thd'ng de' lai cho cdc the'he tid'p sau. Dd Id nhffng gid tri vdn hda dieh thtfc dtfdc thd' hien trong Id'i sd'ng, trong sinh boat hdng ngdy eiia ngtfdi ddn dia phtfdng ndi ed diem du lieh. Day ehinh la nhffng dilu md du khdch mud'n khdm phd khi di du lich, VI nd sd'ng ddng, thu vi va ha'p dan hdn la nhffng md hinh hay hien vat dffde trtfng bay trong vidn bdo tang. Phong tue tap qudn, truyen thd'ng, Id'i sd'ng, phffdng thffc san xua't, mdi trtfdng, khdng gian sd'ng ciia ngtfdi dan la ye'u td' quan trpng gdp phan Eao ndn sff khac bidt trong eae san pham du lich, la ye'u to bdc nha't dd'i vdi du khdch.
2.3. Sdn phdm da lich ben vdng
Chtfdng trinh Nghi stf 21 v l cdng nghidp du lieh va Iff hdnh hffdng tdi stf phat trie'n mdi trtfdng bin vffng ciia To chtfc Du lich The' gidi WTO va Hpi
So 12-Thang 9/2018 137
TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG
ddng The' gidi (World Council) da xac dinh: "Cae san pham du lieh bin vffng la cdc san pham dddc xay dtfng phu hdp vdi mdi trtfdng, edng ddng vd cac nen vdn hda, nhd dd se mang lai Idi Ich chdc chan chff khdng phdi la hid'm hpa eho phdt tnen du Hch" (Nguydn Dinh Hde, 2005).
3. Mo hinh nghidn citu de xudi't va gia thuyd't nghidn cl^u
3.1. Mo hinh nghiin cda de xudt Trong nghidn cffu nay, tdc gia sff dung md hinh nghien ctfu eua Vii Van Ddng (2014), gdm eae bie'n: Cdc hoat ddng kinh te, cdc boat ddng xd hdi, eae boat ddng mdi trffdng vd san pha'm du lieh tac ddng dd'n nhan thffc eua ngffdi ddn dia phffdng, du khdch ve cdc boat ddng phat trie'n ben vffng du lich viing DTM.
Hinh: Mo hinh nghiin cdu dexuat
Bang 1. Cac yeu to sCt dung trong md hinh Bien
F1 F2 F3 F4
Y
•
len yeu to Cac hoat d$ng kinh te Cac hoat d$ng mdi tnidng vCing Dong Thap Miidi
Cac hoat d^ng x i h$i San phim du l|ch vung G6ng Thap Mudi
Nh|in thiic ve phat trien ben vOng du i|ch vLing Dong Thap Mtfdi
long
SffbiSh quan sat do ludng
5 4 5 4
4 22
tm"-» ^SfW-iiV. Xi W... h I " ' • " - • • " • • « • " • ' . . . j j - 1 c , . . . . ^aa ".A- "«^s " H M I ' I.*»S>" "imf-st^lSSMi,-.. 1-
3.2. Cdc gid thuye't nghien cdu
HI: Cdc hoat ddng kinh te tdc ddng cdng chiiu di'n nhdn thdc ve phdt tnen ben vdng du lich vdng Dong Thdp Mudi.
H2: Cdc hoat dong xd hoi tdc ddng ciing chieu de'n nhdn thdc vi phdt trien bin vdng du lich vitng Ddng Thdp Mudi.
H3: Cdc hoat dong mdi trudng tdc ddng cdng chieu de'n nhdn thdc vi phdt triin ben vdng du lich vdng Dong Thdp MudL
H4: Sdn pham du lich tdc ddng cung chieu den nhdn thdc vi phdt triin bin vdng du lich vitng Dong Thdp Mudi.
3.3. Thidt ki'thang do
Dtfa vao ed sd ly thuyd't, eae thang do ttf nghidn cffu ciia Vu Van Ddng (2014) da dffde chffng minh ed dp tin edy va cd y nghia trong cac nghien cffu.
Cdc bid'n quan sdt trong bang cdu hdi dffde sff dung thang do Likert 5 mffc do, eu the nhff sau:
(I) -hoan toan khdng ddng y (2) -khdng ddng y (3) - binh thffdng (4) - ddng y (5) - hoan todn dong y
Ngudn. Khdo sdt ndm 2018
4. Phu'dng phap nghidn ci^u va md hinh nghidn cffu
4.J. NghiSn cdu dinh tinh Nghidn cffu dinh tinh la mot dang nghien cffu kbdm [Ti^bfaT^.^ .1^; I pji^^ trong dd dff lieu thu thSp d dang dinh tinh (Nguyen Dinh Tho va Nguyen Thi Mai Trang, 2009).
Trffdc tien, nghien cffu dffa vdo cdc ly thuylt, cdc md hinh nghien cffu trffdc, vd thffe hidn phdng va'n trffc tie'p dffa tren dan bdi thao ludn dd' Id'y y kid'n 20 du khdch vd 20 ngtfdi ddn dia phtfdng ed tham gia vao hoat ddng kinh doanh dieh vu du lieh tai dia phtfdng, nham xac dinh lai cac thang do nhdp nay, tff dd hidu ehinh thang do va bdng cdu hdi eho phil hdp nham muc dich thu thdp thdng tin can thid't va hodn thidn bang cdu hdi khao sat dung cho nghidn cffu dinh Iffdng.
4.2. Nghien cvtu dinh lit^ng
Nghidn cffu ehinh thffe dffde thtfc hien bdng phtfdng phdp dinh Itfdng va sd' lieu thu thdp dtfdc bang cdch gffi 350 bang cdu hdi khdo satde khdch hang ddnh gia. Nghidn ctfu nay dffde thffe hidn tai khu vffc viing DTM tff thang 5 de'n thdng 8/2018.
Tae gia tid'n hanh phdn tich thdng qua cdc btfdc nhtf thd'ng kd md ta, phtfdng phap kiem dinh thang do bang hd sd tin cay Cronbaehs alpha vd phdn tich nhdn td' khdm pha EFA thdng qua phan mem xff ly sd lieu thd'ng ke SPSS the' hd 20. Sau dd, tac gia phan tich hdi quy bdi.
QUAN TRj - QUAN IV
4.3. Mdu nghien cdu
Hien nay, theo nhilu nha nghidn ctfu, kich thffdc mdu cang Idn cang td't (Nguyen Dinh Thp, 2012). Hair va ctg (2006) vd Nguyen Dinh Thp (2012) cho rang de sff dung phdn tieh nhdn td khdm phd (EFA), kich thffdc mau td'i thid'u phai Id 50, td't hdn Id 100 vd ti le quan sat/bid'n do Iffdng Id 5:1, nghia Id 1 bid'n do Iffdng can td'i thieu 5 quan sat.
Ngodi ra, theo Tabachniek va Fidell (1991) trich bdi Nguydn Dinh Thp (2012), de phan tieh hdi quy dat dtfde kd't qua td't nha't, thi kich thtfdc mlu phai thda man edng thtfc tinh kich thtfdc mdu: n > 50 + 8 p. Trong dd, n la kich thtfdc mdu td'i thie'u vd p la so Iffdng bid'n dde lap trong
md hinh.
Cu the', trong md hinh nghidn cffu, tae gia d l xud't cd 4 bid'n dde lap ttfdng dtfdng 18 bidn quan sdt cd the' dtfde sff dung trong phdn tich nhan td' khdm pha. Ta tinh dffde sd mdu td'i thie'u can thie't ciia nghien ctfu la 18 X 4 = 72. Ne'u dffa theo edng thffe n > 50 + 8 p, ta tinh dtfde n > 50 + 8 x 4 = 82.
Do EFA ludn ddi hdi kich thtfdc mdu Idn hdn nhilu so vdi dung hdi quy, ndn ta chpn kich thtfdc mdu td'i thieu n =82.
5. Kd't qua nghien ciiTu 5.1. Thdng ki mo td Dff lieu phdn tieh dffa vao so hdu thu thdp dtfdc ttf 321 bdng eau hdi khao sdt hdp Id. Kd't qua nghidn ctfu dffde md ta cu the sau day:
(Bang 2)
5.2. Kiem dinh Cronbaehs Alpha (Bdng 3)
Cdc bid'n quan sat deu cd he so'tin cay Cronbaehs Alpha > 0.6, ndn td't cd cdc bien quan sdt dffde dtfa vac phdn tich nhan to' kham pha EFA.
Bang 2 . T h o n g k§ m a u khao sat
Chi tieu
Gi6i tinh
Dp tuoi
D O I tuong tra Idi
Dac diem Nam
NQ Du6i 25 tu6i T L I 2 5 - 4 5 t u 6 f Til 45 - 65 tuoi Tren 65 tuoi
Du khach Dan dia phUdng
So mau 166 155 18 121 119 63 190 131
Ty le % 51.7 48.3 5.6 37.7 37.1 19.6 59 2 40.8 Ngudn: Khdo sal ndm 2018
Bang 3. Ket q u a kiem d|nh C r o n b a d i s Alpha
Thang do
Cronbach's Alpha. 0.885
Cronbach's Alpha: 0 822
Cronbach's Alpha' 0 725
Cronbach's Alpha: 0.844
Cronbach's Alpha: 0.837
Bien quan sat
KT1 KT2 KT3 KT4 KT5 XH1 XH2 XH3 XH4 XH5 MTl MT2 MT3 MT4 SPDL1 SPDL2 SPDL3 SPDL4 PTDLBV1 PTDLBV2 PTDLBV3 PTBVDL4
Tmng binh thang do neu
loai bien 14.49 14.54 14 35 14.54 14 34 14.69 14.76 14.66 14.75 14.65 10.62 10.76 10.77 10.73 10.52 10.44 10.55 10 40 11.49 1145 1109 11 16
PhUdng sai thang do nfu
ioai bien
9 878 9 454 8 450 9.397 8.457 5.809 5.076 5.517 5.267 5 882 4.152 3.641 3 691 3 794 5.132 5 010 5 236 4.666 4.076 4.392 4.274 4.136
Tddng quan bien tong
669 652 789 711 .797 523 755 .644
.680 .488 .417 .584 534 523 .640 .705 595 .787 .619 .609 .723 .741
Cront>achs Alpha ng'u ioai
bien
.872 .876 .843 .862 .841 .813 .745 .779 768 .823 .717
.621 .651 658 820 .792 .839 .755 821 .820 .772 .763
Ngudn: Khdo sdt ndm 2018 So 12-Thang 9/2018 139
TAP CHl CONC THIfdNG
5.3. Phdn tich nhdn lo khdm phd EFA (Bang 4)
Bang 4. Phin tich nhan to oac bien dOo I5p va bien phu thuOc
H^so
' i<i«0= 0 697 (0 5 < K i M O < 1 , S i g . = 0.000).
* eigenvaiues =1.986 > 1, ' tdng phuong sai trich: 63.627%
* KiVIO=-0.676 ( 0 . 5 < K M O < 1 , v a Sig.= 0.000)
* eigenvaiues = 2 718> 1 ' tdng phuong sai trich: 67.956%
Ky hi^u
KT3 KT5 KT4 KT1 KT2 XH2 XH4 XH3 XH1 XH5 SPDL4 SPDL2 SPDL1 SPDL3 MT2 l«IT4 iVITS MT1 Ky hi$u PTBVDL4 PTDLBV3 PTDLBV1 PTDLBV2
Nhan 15 Cac hoat d$ng
Idnhte .885 .885 .784 776 .734
Cac hoat d$ng xah$i
.859 .804 .776 .679 618
San pham dulich
.895 827 798 .767
Cac hoat dOng moi tnidng
.778 751 .745 .648 Phat trien ben vOng du l|ch .887
.875 .770 .768 Nguon. Klltio sdt nam 2018
5.4. Phdn tich hoi quy bQi
Nghien cu'u tie'n hanh phan tich hoi quy boi v(3i tifng mo hinh nghien cd'u. Nghien cu'u suf dting phu'dng phap dila vao mot li/dt (phifdng phap enter) ichi phan tich hoi quy boi. Cu the: (Bang 5)
Ket qua phan tich cho thay, tat ck cac bien d^u CO y nghTa ve mat thong ke vi co mdc y nghTa la 0.000 nho hOn 0.05. Ngoai ra, ta cung thii'y rang, he so phong dai phUOng sai VIF deu nho hdn 10, chdng to I(h6ng xay ra hien tddng da cong tuyen (Hoang Trpng va Chu Nguyin Mong Ngoc, 2008).
Phifdng trinh hoi quy the hien nhan thiJc cda nglffli dan dia phddng, du khach ve cac hoat d6ng phat trien ben vUng du lich viing DTM.
Phdt trien ben vttng du lich = O.SSS + 0.409 (hocit dQng xa hOi) + 0.194 (Hoat dong kinh te) + 0.163 (hoat dQng moi triitfng) + 0.121 (san plidtn du tich)
Ket qua cho tha'y 4 bien, gom: c^c boat dong kinh te, cac boat dong xa hoi, c3c boat d6ng moi trddng va san pham du lich deu co mdc y nghTa <
0.05, nghTa la 4 bi6'n nay deu co y nghTa th^ng k6.
QUAN TRj-QUAN LV
Bang 5. Cac thong so thong ke tffng bien ddc l$p cua mo hinh nghien cffu
Mo hinh
Hang so Cac hoat dpng kinh te Cac hoat diing xa hdi Cac hoat dong mdi trudng San phS'm du i|Ch
H$ sfichua chuan hoa H^so Beta .558 194 .409 .163 .121
Sai so chuan 291 .045 .059 .051 .044
H I so chuan hoa Beta
.216 .352 152 .132
t
1.918 4.351 6.965 3.185 2 782
.056 .000 .000 .002 .006
Chuan doan hi^n tupng da cpng tuyen Bi) chap nh3n
.891 864 966 .976
H$ so phong dai phUdng sai
1.122 1.158 1.035 1.025 Ngudn: Khdo sdt ndm 2018
Ca 4 bien nay deu tac dpng dtfdng den nhan thffc cua ngtfdi dan dia phtfdng, du khdch v^ phdt trien ben vffng du lich vung DTM. Do do, nghien cffu cha'p nhan 4 gia thuye't dat ra.
5.6. Bdnh gid mdc dd phu hdp cua mo hinh nghiin cdu
De ddnh gia mffc d6 phu hdp ci^a m6 hinh h^i quy, ta dung hai he so' la he so' xac dinh R2 hieu chinh va kiem djnh F.
Bang 6. Chi ti§u danh gia sif phu hdp cua mo hinh nghiSn ctfu
M6 hinh
1 R
550a R'
.303 R' hi$u
chinh .294
Du bao d$
$ch chuan 56026
Durbin- Watson 1.874 a. Du doan: (Hang so), cac hoat dong kmh te, cac hoat d6ng xa hoi, cac hoat dong moi trudng, san pham du iich Nguon: Khdo sdt nam 2018
Qua Bang 6, he so R2 hiSu chinh la 0.294. He so' R2 hieu chinh nho hdn R2, vi vdy dung he so' R2 hieu chinh de ddnh gid do phii hdp cua mo hinh se an toan hdn vi no khong thoi phong mffc dp phu hdp cua mo hinh chffng to mo hinh hoi quy la phu hdp de giai thich cdc nhan to' cdc boat dpng kinh te', cdc hoat dpng xd hpi, cac hoat dpng moi trffdng vd san pham du lich vffng DTM tac d6ng de'n nhdn thffc cua ngtfdi dan dia phtfdng, du khdch v^ cdc boat dong phdt trien ben vffng du lich vung DTM.
Y nghia cua he so R2 hi#u chinh la 29.4% sff
bien thiSn cua gia tri nhan thffc cua ngffdi ddn dia phtfdng, du khdch ve cac boat dpng phdt trien ben vffng du lich vung DTM dtfdc giai thich b6i 4 bie'n doc lap dtfa ra trong mo hinh.
6. Khuye'n nghi
Dtfa vdo k6't qua nghi&n cffu tren ta nhan thd'y thtfc te san pham du lich vung DTM cdn ddn dieu, chff yeu la du lich song ntfdc, du lich thi^n nhidn, do do c^n CO chid'n Itfdc lau dai trong viec nghien cffu va xdy dffng cdc san pham du lich mdi, cdc sdn pham hang boa Itfu niem ddc trtfng cua viing DTM di tao ra sffc canh tranh, thu hut du khach vd hffdng tdi phdt trien ben vffng.
Do'i vdi cdc yen to'khac cdn co nhffng giai phap, cd che va chinh sdch nham khuye'n khich sff tham gia tich cffc cua cpng dong dia phffdng va du khdch tham gia cac cdng tac bao ve moi trtfdng tai cac diem, khu du lich, ton tao, bao ve va phat tnen cac nguon tai nguyen du Uch vung DTM. Ndng cao y thffc vd trdeh nhiem cua cong dong dia phtfdng, du khdch ve y thffc phdt trien bdn vffng du lich vung DTM. Dong thdi tao cd che, khuye'n khich cpng dong tham gia kinh doanh cdc boat dong cung cd'p dich vu, hang hoa du lich mot cdch binh dang, tao sff cong bang. Ndng cao y thtfc cua cong dong ve viec phat trien ben vffng du lich va lau dai se mang lai Idi ich cho cong dong, tao cong dn viec ldm, gop phdn xda ddi giam ngheo.
Ngodi ra, cdc doanh nghiep Iff hdnh cung cd ke hoach gia tang nhdn thffc cua td't ca ngffdi lao dpng doi vdi phdt trid'n du lich ben vffng. Cdc nha quan ly vd doi ngu htfdng dan vien can nhan thffc ro ve phat trien du lich ben vffng. Bdi vi, thong qua
So 12-Thang 9/2018 141
TAP CHi CONII THIflfNG
nhdm ngffdi nay se cung cd'p kien thffc cd ban d&'n ngffdi lao dong trong doanh nghiep, cung nhff trffc tie'p hffdng dan hanh vi cua du khach nang cao y thffc ve bao ve moi trtfdng, dong thdi cung ca'p cho du khach nhffng thong tin ve lich sff, van hda, tap qudn dia phffdng de giup ho dam bao cdc hdnh vi cff xff cua minh, ton trpng van hda dia phffdng (Ho Ky Minh, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy vd Nguyen Vidt Qud'c, 2005).
Viec phat trien td't cd cac ioai hinh du lich vung DTM trdn nham thffc hidn muc tidu da dang hoda cdc loai hinh va san pham du lich vung DTM, nham tan dung he't tiem ndng ve tff nhidn, ve kinh te' - xa hpi de thu hut td'i da Itfdng khach trong va ngodi ntfdc, va ngtfdi ddn dia phtfdng. Trong dd.
du lich song ntfdc cd the la cdc loai hinh chinh, tao nen hinh anh ridng cua du lich vung dong bIng song Cffu Long trong bdn do du lich Viet Nam n6i chung va viing DTM ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, de phdt trie'n ben vffng du lich vung DTM phai tien hanh dong thdi vdi vide da dang hda cdc dich vu vd sdn pham du lich, ngffdi ddn dia phtfdng va khdch du lich de'n vung DTM.
7. Ket luan
Nghien cffu cd bdn da xac dinh cac yeu to vii mffc do tdc ddng cua cac yd'u to' cdc hoat dpng kinh te', hoat dpng xa hpi, boat dpng moi trtfdng, sdn pha'm du Iich vung DTM dd'n nhdn thffc cua du khdch va cdng dong dia phtfdng ve phdt trien bin vffng du lich vung DTM •
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QUAN THj-qUANLV
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Ngay nh$n bai: 2/8/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia su'a chfl'a: 12/8/2018 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 22/8/2018
Thdng tin tdc gia:
NCS. ThS. BUI TRONG TIEN BAO Khoa Quan tri Du lich - Nha hang - Khach san Trrf&ng Dai hpc Cdng ngh^ TP. H 6 Chi Minh
FACTORS IMPACT ON TOURISTS AND LOCAL RESIDENTS AWARENESS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
IN DONG THAP MUOI REGION
• PgD. MA. BUI TRONG TIEN BAO Faculty of Tourism & Hospitality, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH)
ABSTRACT:
Identifmg and measuring factors that impact on the awareness of both tourists and local communities of developing tourism sustainably in Dong Thap Muoi region is to build appropriate tourism development strategies which hamomize the interests of visitors, local communities and travel administration agencies in order to restore and preserve the unique characteristics of Dong Thap Muoi region's tourism resources for future generations. A survey about the awareness of tourists and local communities of developing tourism sustainably in Dong Thap Muoi region was conducted. This survey basically found that the elements of economic activities, social activities, environmental activities and tourism products affect the perceptions of local people and visitors about the sustainable development of tourism.
Keywords: Sustainable development of tourism, awareness of tourists, local communities, economic activities, environmental activities, social activities, sustainable tourism products, Dong Thap Muoi region.
