Phan tich cac nhan to tac dong den hieu qua hgfp tac lien ket dao tao vcfi nu'dc ngoai cua trUofng Dai hoc Kinh doanh va Cong nghe Ha Noi
NGOYIM VAN DIEP"
Tomi t^t
Nghien cffu tap trung phdn tich cdc nhdn tdtdc ddng den hieu qud hop tde, lien kel ddo tgo vffi nudc ngodi cua trUdng Dai hoc Kinh doanh vd Cong nghe Hd Noi. Ke thita ket qud nghiin cffu ciia Brady vd Cronin (2001). Clemes vd eong sff (2007). phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd (EFA) vd hoi quy da bie'n cho thdy, cd 5 nhdn td chinh dnh hudng di'n hieu qua hffp tac, lien ke't ddo tgo vdi nudc ngodi cua Trudng, bao gdm: (1) Cff che chinh sdch; (2) Nhu cdu cua hgc viin; (3)^
ChUffng trinh dao tgo; (4) Qudc gia cap bang (noi hoc tap); vd (5) Chi phi ddo tgo. Tit do, de xudt mot sd hdm y ve gidi phdp ndng cao hieu qud hap tde, lien ke't ddo tgo vdi nifdc ngodi cho Trudng trong boi cdnh ddi mdi gido due vd xu the'ke't ndi gido due toan cdu.
TH khda: hieu qud hop tde. lien ke't ddo tgo, chuong trinh ddo tao, ldc dong Summary
The study analyzes factors impacting the effectiveness of international cooperation and linkages in training of Hanoi University of Business and Technology. Inheriting the research results of Brady and Cronin (2001), Clemes et al. (2007), and employing exploratoiy factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression, it points out five main factors, which are (1) Mechanism and policies; (2) The needs of the students; (3) Training program; (4) Place of issue; and (5) Training costs. From this finding, some solutions are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the university's international cooperation and linkages in training in the trends of educational innovation and global education connection.
Keywords: effective cooperation, linkoga in training, training programs, impact
GlCfl THIEU CO SCf LY THUYET VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U
Trong mdi tru'dng canh tranh qud'c te ngay cang
tang hiSn nay, hdp tac nghien cifu khoa hgc, cdng nghe Ccf sd ly thuyet
tren binh dien the'gidi trd thanh van de chien lu'dc sd'ng Hdp tac, lien ke't dao tao la sif ke't hdp con cho phat trien nhanh chdng kinh te'-xa hgi. Sif hdp giii'a nha tnfdng vdi cac cd sd gido due tac cua cac tru'dng dai hgc trong mfdc va qud'c te da va trong qua trinh thifc hien ndi duns nhiem tie'p mc lam thay ddi manh me ndi dung, phifdng phap vu giao due - dao tao, nhdm trang'bi kie'n giao due trong nha tru'dng, cung cap nguon nhan life thu'c, ky nang, thii do cho ngifdi hoc cd trinh do cao, dap u'ng nhu cau phat tne'n xa hdi. Sir theo yeu cau doi hdi cda xa hdi va h'' ket nd'i giao due toan cau trd thanh xu the khach quan. nghiep. Lien k&'t dao tao la nhu cai '' tat yeu. Theo dd, tru'dng Dai hpc Kinh doanh va Cdng cac ben (da difdc cap phep dao ta 1 i"''^
nghe Ha Ndi da cd be day nhieu nam lien ke't dao tao ke't vdi nhau nham mdt muc dicti'^h ^^"
qud'c te', tuy nhien hieu qua hdp tae, lien ket dao tao la cdng dao tao, cap vSn ban'' ch t ^^^
con nhu'ng han che nha't dinh. Vi vay, vigc kham pha eho ngifdi hgc va cd dUdc noui^ th^ '^•^•
cac ye'u to'tac ddng de'n hoat dOng lien ke't dao tao vdi chinh nhat dinh ti^ hoat dona n" u^^^
mfdc ngoai cd y nghia ldn trong viec xay dyng chie'n dpng hdp tac, hen k^t ddo t ^-' i*^
lu'dc phat trien hien nay. thie't, vi nd dem lai cd hoi hr,,^ ,-^^^ ^^I^
•' "Pt- tap, each
*ThS., Vien Hdp tac qudc te, tru'dng Dai lioc Kinh doanh va Cong nghe Ha Ngi Ngay nhgn bdi: 20/03/2020; Ngdy phan bien: 02/04/2020; Ngdy duyei ddng: 16/04/2020
thu'c quan ly, xay difng chu'dng trinh dao tao va nang cao trinh dd dgi ngu can bg qudn ly, cung nhtf giang vi6n, bu dap cho nhau ciing phat trien, dat difdc muc tieu chung va cilng cd ldi. Tuy nhien, hdp tac, lien ket dao tao vdi mfdc ngoai (quo'c te) ddi hdi nha trifdng phdi cd sif dieu chinh thich iJng vdi khac bidt tifdng dd'i ve phifdng phap giao due. Trong nhifng kho khan ma cac chu'dng trinh lien ket dao tao vdi nifdc ngoai d Vi6t Nam gap phdi, khdng chi cd van de cd sd vat cha't va ngdn ngif, ma eon co cac van de van hda, dac biet la d cac khia canh: (I) Quan diem truyen thd'ng ve giao due; (2) Nhu'ng dac thii ve trinh dd phat trien va he thd'ng chinh tri; va (3) Nguon gd'c xa hoi cua sinh vien (Nguygn Trong Do va Ngo Tu-Lap, 2012).
Tren cd sd k6' thifa tu" ke't qud nghien ctfu cua Brady va Cronin (2001), Clemes va cdng stf (2007) ve cha't lifdng dieh vu giao due, cung nhtf cdc nghidn ciJu trtfde do, ket hdp vdi thtfc te hoat ddng cua Vien Hdp tac quo'c te thugc trtfdng Dai hgc Kinh doanh va Cdng nghe Ha Ngi nam 2019, tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien ctfu gdm 5 nhan td' tac ddng dd'n hidu qud hdp tac, lien ke't dao tao vdi ntfdc ngoai cua Tnfdng nhtf Hinh. Tae gia kiem dinh cdc mdi quan he tac dgng de'n hidu qud hdp tac dao tao vdi ntfdc ngoai (HQHTDTNN) theo tinh he thd'ng trong qudn ly chat Itfdng dao tao.
Cac gia thuye't du'dc dtfa ra nhtf sau:
Gid thuyet HI: Cd che' chinh sach cd anh htfdng trifc tie'p de'n HQHTDTNN;
Gid thuyei H2: Nhu cau eua hgc vien CO dnh htfdng trtfc tie'p de'n HQHTDTNN;
Gid ihuyi't H3: Chu'dng trinh dao cd anh htfdng trtfc tie'p de'n HQHTDTNN;
Gid thuyet H4: Qud'c gia ca'p bang (ndi hoc tap) cd anh htfdng trtfc tie'p de'n QHTDTNN;
Gid thuyet H5: Chi phi dao tao cd anh htfdng trtfc tiep de'n HQHTDTNN.
Phifdng phap nghian cu'u Nghien ctfu sil dung phtfdng phap ph£n tich dinh Itfdng, cimg vdi phtfdng phap chgn mau thuan tien. Vdi tdng sd' phie'u phat ra la 200 cho dd'i ttfdng la sinh vidn/hpc vidn da va dang theo hgc cac chtfdng trinh lien ke't dao tao cua trtfdng Dai hoc Kinh doanh va Cdng nghe Ha Noi, sd'phie'u phong va'n dat yeu cau 150 phie'u. Thdi gian tie'n hanh khao sat ttf ngay 18 de'n 30/11/2019. Da lieu dtfdc dtfa vao xtJ ly vdi sif hd trd cua phan
HINH; MO HINH NGHIEN C^CI iwO cue cninn sacii
1 Quoc gia cap bSnjj 1
Clil plii dao tao
Hi^u qua hijp (ac dao 130 vci
1
nuoc ngoai (HQHTDTNN)
'
Mguon.Df xueit c BANG 1: KET QOA KIEM DINH C A C NHAN TO
T h a n h tS"
CCCSI CCCS2 CCCS3 CCCS4 CCCS5 NCHVl NCHV2 NCHV3 NCHV4 NCHV5 CTDTl CTDT2 CTDT3 QGl QG2 QG2 CPDTl CPDT2 CPDT3 Giii !ri rieng VE PliiTdng sai irlch {%r Cronbach a
Component CCCS
.882 ,824 769 .763 .734
6 138 32.308
.888 NCHV
790 .775 .671 .637 .602
2.375 12.502 .812
CTDT
.842 .720 709
1.828 9.622 .711
QG
.812 .710 .702
1.411 7.427 .679
CPDT
.727 .666 ,590 1.009 5 309 .695 Tong pliu'dng sai liicli =67 166, KMO = 929, p = 000
mem SPSS. Phtfdng phap phan tich nhan to'kham pha (EFA), do tin cay Cronbach's Alpha (Bdi viet sff dung cdch viet sd thdp phdn theo chudn qudc te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CU'U VA THAO LUAN
Danh gia do tin cay ciia thang do
Kiem dinh dd tin cay cua thang do, phtfdng phap thanh phan dtfdc suf dung de' phan tich nhan td' EFA. 5 nhan to'chinh vdi 24 thanh to'dtfdc dtfa vao hd thd'ng, 21 thanh to'cua md hinh dtfdc phan tich. Ke't qua cho thay.
19
BANG 2: KET QUA PHAN TICH TCTdNG QGAIS CCA CAC BIEN Tiftnig quan
CCCS NCHV CTDT Q G CPDT HQHTDTNN
CPDT I ,412"
312"
242' 476"
.717"
CTDT
I 335"
400"
.432'"
452"
CTDT
1 227"
.499'"
,340"
QG
I 315'"
.228"
CPDT
1 .486-
HQHTDTNN
1
* Tifdng quan la y nghTa d mile 0.05 (2-tailed)
*" TiTdng quan la y nghia 5 mu'c 0 01 (2-tailed)
BANG 3; MOI QUAN HE CUA Cd CHE CHINH SACH VCJI HQHTDTNN Coefficients'
Model
1 (Constani) CCCS R-ZAdjusitd - F/Sig.
a. Biii'n phu ihuoc
C^che 86" hoi quy chUa chuan hoa
B 1,570
6 9 2 Std. Error
3 0 4 .055
Cach6 so hoi quy chuan hoa
Beta
-717 T
159 12.525
Sig,
.000 .000 .515/.5I1 I56.870/.000 HQHTDTNN
BANG 4; MOI QOAN HE CGA CHCfdNG TRINH D A O TAO V<3l HQHTDTNN
Coefficients'' Model
1 (Conslanl) CTDT R^/Adjusied - F/Sig,
CSche so'hoi quy chu'a chuin hoa
B 3 022
471 Std. Error
.380 ,076
Cac he so hoi quy chuan hoa
Beta
4 5 2 T
7,957 6.160
Sig.
0 0 0 .000 204/199 37 950/.000 a Bien phu Ihuoc, HQHTDTNN
gia tri Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin la 0.929 va thu" nghiem cua Bartlett co y nghia tho'ng ke & mti'c 0.000. Cac gia tri rieng nhan to' li3n hdn hoac bang 1.0 va cac bie'n vdi tai nhan to' ldn hdn 0.5; cd 2 thanh to' cua cac nhan to' tai nho hdn 0.5 da dtfdc loai bo khoi mo hinh.
Phan tich nhan to theo thang do SERVQUAL KSt qua phan tich nhan to cho tha'y, 5 nhan to cua mo hinh chie'm 67.1667c tdng phiTdng sai Cac nhan to'ctia mo hinh la; Cd che chinh sach (32.308); Nhu cau cua hpc vi6n (12.502); Chuong tiinh dao tao (9.622), Quo'c gia cap bang (7.427); va Chi phi dao tad (5.309). De kiem tra do tin cay va tinh tho'ng nha't noi bo ctia tiing nhan to', kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha du'dc tie'n hanh.
Ke't qua cho tha'y, cac h6 so Alpha ctia Cd ch§' chinh sach la 0.888; 0.812 dd'i vdi Nhu can cua hdC vien; 0.711 dd'i vdi Chtrdng trinh dao tao; 0.679 doi vdi Quoc gia
cap bang va 0.695 ddi vd'i ••'In pl" "^ ',^
(Bang 1). Ket qua cac he .^o Cro""
Alpha dad dong trong khoang O-f"
0.679, chifng minh rilng tii-l ca cac nhan to da dKOc chap nhan vi dang tin cay khuye'n cad ciia Nunnally (1978^
HS Sd tttdng qnan cua cac bien (Bang 2) a trong khoang 0.3-0.7 (r> 0.3) va su tifdng quan cd y nghia d mdc 0.05, cnung to rang miic dd da cdng tuyen hien Cd trdng cac biS'n la chap nhan difdc va se kheng anh htfdng de'n phan tich hdi quy.
Phan ti'ch h6i quy
Moi quan h( ciia nhan to c(l cite chinh sdch viii HQHTDTNN
De kiem tra md'i quan he cua cac nhan to cd che chlnh sach trong m_6 hinh vdi HQHTDTNN (HI), hoi quy lay HQHTDTNN la bie'n phu thupc va nh8n to' co che chinh sach la bie'n doc lap.
Ke't qua (Bang 3) se' lieu thd'ng ke cia F=156.870 a miic P=0.00, dieu nay chi ra rang, md hinh giiip giai thich mot so sif thay ddi trdng HQHTDTNN. Ben canh do, he so'dieu chinh xac dinh (dieu chinh R=) la 51.1% cho tha'y stf khac biet trong HfJHTDTNN dtfdc giai thich bang mo hinh h6i quy. He so' chuan hda (P) cho cac nhan to' cd che chinh sach la 0.717 (p < 0.01) cho tha'y cd y nghTa thd'ng ke. Co the ke't luan rang, gia thuyS't HI dtfdc hd trd khi tuySn bd' "Cd che' chinh sach trong mo hinh cd tac ddng ldn de'n HQHTDTNN".
Mo'i qitati he cUa cliiiifng trinh diio tcio vcli HQHTDTNN
Kiem dmh moi quan he ctia cac nhan to chifdng trinh dao tao vdi HQHTDTNN (H2), md hinh hSi quy difa HQHTDTNN la biS'n phu thuoc va chUdng trinh dad tad la bie'n dec lap. Ke't qua (Bano 4) cac sd'Ueu thd'ng ke cua F=37.950 cd'^ nghia a mile P=0.00. Diiu nay chi ra rSng md liinh giiip giai thich mdt sd'thay dd'i trdng HQHTDTNN. Ben canh dd, he sd' dieu chtnh xac dinh (dieu chinh R-)=19 9%
chd tha'y Slf khac biet trong HQHTDTNN dUdc giai thich b~ang mo hinh hSi quy He so chuan hda (P) cho cac nlitn to'chifdng trinh dao tao la 0.452 (p <0.01) cho thav cd y nghia Cd the ke't iuSn fintt fi thuyet H2 dtfdc hd trd khi tuyen b l r ' "
"ChtfOng trinh dae tad c6 tiic dfin„ " " ? de'n HQHTDTNN-- " " " " " S m a n h
Moi qnan he giiita i vcli HQHTDTNN
De kiem tra cac r nhan td' nhu cau cda 1
fO" lioc vien inan he ctia
trong m6 hinh vdi HQHTDTNN (H3), mo hinh hoi quy dat HQHTDTNN la bien phu thupc va nhan to' nhu cau cua hgc vien la bien dgc lap. Ket qua (Bang 5) cac so' Ii$u tho'ng ke gia tri F=19.389 c6 y nghm d mu'c P=0.00. Di^u nay co nghia rang, mo hmh giup giai thich nipt so SIX thay d6'i trong HQHTDTNN. Ben canii do, hB so' dieu chinh {dieu chinh R')=ll%, cho tha'y su' khac biet trong HQHTDTNN du'pc giai thich bang m6 hinh hoi quy. He so' chuS'n hoa (p) cua cac nhan to' nhu cau hgc vien la 0.34 {p<0.01), cho tha'y co y nghia tho'ng ke.
Do do, CO the ke't Iuan rang, gia thuye't H3 difpc h6 trd khi tuyen bo'rang "Nhan to nhu cau cua hoc vien cd tac ddng d^ng k^ de'n HQHTDTNN".
Mdi quan h^ giUa nhdn td qudc gia d^'n hoc vdi HQHTDTNN
Kiem dinh md'i quan he giila nhan to' quoc gia den hoc vdi HQHTDTNN (H4), mo hinh hoi quy de HQHTDTNN la bien phu thugc va nhan to' qud'c gia de'n hoc la bie'n ddc lap. Bang 6 cho tha'y, cac so' lieu thd^ng kt gia tri F=8.038 cd y nghia d mu'c P=0,005, giai thich mdt s6' thay ddi trong HQHTDTNN. Ben canh dd, hS so' dieu chinh xac dinh {di^u chinh R-)=0.4%, cho tha'y siJ khac biet trong HQHTDTNN du'pc giai thich bang md hinh hoi quy. He sd' chuan hda (P) cua cac ye'u to quo'c gia den hgc la 0.228 (p
<0.01}, cho tha'y co y nghia thd'ng ke. Do do, cd the k6't luan, gia thuyet H4 difdc h§ trd mot phan khi nhan dinh "NhSn to' quoc gia de'n hoc cd tac ddng tu'dng dd'i dg'n HQHTDTNN".
Md'i quan he cua nhdn to'chi phi ddo tgo vdi HQHTDTNN
Kiim dinh md'i quan he ciia nhan to' chi phi dao tao vdi HQHTDTNN (H4), mo hinh hoi quy dxia. HQHTDTNN la bien phu thugc va nhan tdchi phi dao tao la bien ddc lap. Ke't qua (Bang 7) so' lieu thdng ke gia tri F=45.869 cd y nghia d mifc P=0.00, dieu nay cho thay md hinh giiip giai thich mdt so' stf thay doi trong HQHTDTNN. Ben canh dd, he sd dieu chinh xac dinh (dieu chinh R')=23.1%
ciia phiTPng sai trong HQHTDTNN du'dc giai thich bang md hinh hoi quy. He sd chuan hoa beta (p) cho cac nhan to' chi phi dao tao la 0.486 (p <0.01), cho thay CO y nghTa. Cd the k6't luSn rang, gia thuye't H5 du'dc hd trd vdi nhan dinh
"Nhan td chi phi dao tao cd tac ddng dang ki de'n HQHTDTNN"
BANG 5: MOI QaAM HE GICfA NHU CAG HOC VIEN vdl HQHTDTMN Coefficients"
Model
1 NCHV
(Constant) .388 RV Adjusted ^ F/Sig.
Cdc he so hoi quy chiTa chuan hoa
B 3.236
088 Std. Error
480 340
Cac he so hoi quy chuan hoa
Beta
4.403 T
6.749 .000
Sig.
-000
,1167.110 19 389/,000 a Bien phu thuoc; HQHTDTNN
BANG€ : MOI QGAN HE CGA NHAN TO QGOC GIA DEN HQC V(3l HQHTDTNN
Coefficients"
Model
1 QG
(Conslanl) 222 R'/Adjusted - F/Sig
CfichS soh6i quy chUa chu£n hoA B 4 326
,078 Std. Error
359 228
Cache so hoi quy chuin hoii
Beta
2.843 T
12.057 ,005
Sig.
000
.025/.045 8 038/.005 a Bien phu thuSc HQHTDTNN
BANG 7: MOI QGAN HE CUA NHAN TO CHI PHI DAO TAG Vdl HQHTDTNN
Coefficients"
Model
1 CPDT
(Constant) 570 RV Adjusted^
F/Sig
Cdc he so hoi quy chu'a chuSn hoa
B 2.275
.084 Std, Error
455 486
Cac he s6'hoi quy chuin hoi
Beta
6 773 T
4.998 .000
Sig.
.000
.237/.231 45 869/000 a. Bien phu ihuoc: HQHTDTNN
Mguon Tmh toan cua tac gia
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Ke't qua nghien cu'u cho tha'y, 5 nhan to'cd mu'c tac ddng de'n hieu qua hdp tac, lien kS't dao tao vdi nu'dc ngoai cua tru'dng Dai hgc Kinh doanh va Cdng nghd theo mu'c do anh htfdng tir Idn nha't de'n nho nhat la:
Cd che chinh sach (p=0.717); Nhu clu cua hoc vien (p=0.486); ehu'ong trinh dao tao (p=0.452); Qud'c gia cap bang (p=0.340); Chi phi dao tao (p=0.228).
De nang cao hi$u qua hdp tac, hen ke't dao tao vdi nu'dc ngoai cua TrUdng trong thdi gian tdi, can thu'c hien cac giai phap sau:
Thff nhdt, hoan thien quy che phd'i hdp quan ly hoat ddng lien ke't dao tao, lUa chgn nhiJng cd sd dao tao nu'dc ngoai cd uy tin, chat lifdng. Cung vdi do, de hdp tac qud'c te trong dao tao thanh cdng, thi Nha tru'dng
21
can cd cac cd che chinh sach thdng thoang, hd trd hpc vien, giam thieu nhu'ng thu tuc hanh chinh, gnip cho sinh vien/hoc vien cam tha'y thoai mai va tin tifdng vao chai't lifdng dao tao cua Nha tru'dng. Doi mdi tif duy di khdng coi lien ke't dao tao nifdc ngoai chi nham muc dich tnfdc mat la giai quye't ndi hoc va dap tJng nhu cau cua xa hdi, ma con vi mpt muc tieu xa hdn, chien lifdc hdn, do la nhap khau cdng nghe giao due tien tie'n, boi difdng dpi ngu giang vi6n va gdp phan hien dai hda mdi tnfdng giao due cua Nha tnfdng ndi rieng, nen giao due dai hgc Viet Nam ndi chung.
Thff hai, ning cao cha't lu'dng dich vu dap ifng nhu cau cua ngu:di hgc. Hien nay, hoat ddng giao due, dac bifit la hdp tac qud'c te ve dao tao, dang cd sif canh tranh manh me. Do vay, Nha tnfdng can nam bat sat nhu clu cua ngu'di hpc de cd du'dc mdt chie'n lifpc phat tri^n hdp t^c, lien kd't dao tao qud'c te phii hdp, Trong ngan han, Nha trifdng can t^ chu'c khao sat nhu cau va thu thap thdng dn phan hdi ve chS't lu'dng dao tao cua cac Idp lidn ke't de kip thdi dieu chmh la van de quan trgng va ca'p bach.
Thff ba, khang dinh va nang cao uy tin cua Nha trifdng, chu dpng tham gia cac chifdng trinh kiim dinh cha't lifpng, danh gia trong va ngoai nu'dc, ciJ can bd
dieu hanh quan ly rieng cho ^^f^^°l.
dpng. Da dang cac chifdng tnnh l.en^, ^ dao tao md hinh hdp tac quoc le vc tao,nhif:2+2,l+3,l+3traod6is.nhven md rdng quy md dao tao sinh venn ngoai ( l i e , Campuchia, Trung QuoC Han Qudc, NhSt Ban,.,) tai Trtfdng.
Thff tu, tich cu'c Iham gia cac hoi chp^
tri^n lam giao due dao tao de qua^oo co nhieu cd hdi lifa chgn hdp/^c, hen Kei dao tao vdi cac ffifdng quoc te co cnat lifdng'. Qua do, dap ii'ng dtf^c yeu cau doi hdi ngay cang cao cua ngtfdi hgc.
Thff ndm, day manh hoat dong xa hdi hda giao due cua Nha tri/dng^; dao tao theo nhu clu cua ngtfdi hoc, ket hdp vdi cac doanh nghiep dao tao nguon Iao ddng chat lu'dng cao theo yeu cau cua doanh nghiep. Trgn thi/c te, chi phi dao tao khong phai la ye'u to qtian trgng nhat ddi vdi sinh vien du hoc. Bdi,^ khi ngu'di hoc da c6 nhu clu di hgc de lay bang nu'dc ngoai, thi phin ldn deu da chuan bi ky ve mat tai chinh.•
J A U L I E U THAM KHACL
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