KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
K E T Q U A CHOIV LOC GIOIVG CO IVGOT 5 T 7 7 CHO VIJIXIG DOIXIG BAIXIG SOIXIG HOIXIG
Hoang TTu HueS Tran Dinh Long 2, Nguyfin Hodi Thu \ UL Tuan Nghla^
T6MTAT
Co ngot (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni^ la cay thao duoc, cay thuc pham co nhifiu gia tri, tuy nhien, sd luong gidng CO ngot fren thi trudng Viet Nam hien con han che. Trung tam Tai nguyen ihuc vat da sir dung phuong pbap chpn lpc ca thi (Pedigree) va chon duoc giong co ngpt moi ST77. Gidng ST77 co nhieu dac diem noi frpi, khac biet vfi su sinh truong phat tnen cung nhu nang suat va chat luong. Chieu cao cay dao dpng 51,78 -59,26 cm va so cap la dat 194,12 - 244,92. Nang suat la kho cao tir 4,25 - 5,51 tdn/ha/nam va ham lupng RebA dat 10,85% -10,96%. Miic dp nhifim benh ddm nau thap (diem 1). S177 da dupc Bp NN va PTNT cong nh§n chinh thiic la gidng cd ngpt duoc lieu moi cho viing ddng bang song Hong theo Quye't dinh so 5140/QD-BNN-TT ngay 31/12/2019.
Tii khda: Chon lpc, gidng co ngpt ST77, nang suat, bam luong RebA, hieu qui kinb te.
I.DATVANDE
Cd ngpt (Stevia rebaudiana) dugc dimg lam thuc pham cho con ngudi, dudng khdng nang Itrpng, tiiuc pham chiic nang d^c bidt cho benh nhan bi tieu dirdng. Cd ngpt chua hpp chat stevioside cd ham lupng dudng gap 300 lan so vdi dudng sucrose nhtmg khdng chiia calo (Debnath, 2008). Ngoai ra, cd ngpt cdn dupc dimg lam tiuic an chan nudi dai gia siic, phan bdn hiiu co (than va rfi) va sir dung lam nguyen lieu cho cdng nghidp my pham.
Mac dil la cay frdng cd nhieu gia tn nhtmg sd luong gidng cd ngot frfin thi trudng Vidt Nam cdn han che. Hien nay, chi cd hai gidng cd ngpt da dupc cong nhan chinh tiuic d Vidt Nam la gidng ST88 (cong nhan chinh thiic nam 1995) va gidng SVl (cong nhan chinh tinic nam 2010). Gidng cd ngpt ST88 da tiie hidn tinh thich ling rpng vdi dieu kifin frdng 0 Vidt Nam, dang dupc frdng phd bien frong san xuat hidn nay (Mai Phuong Anh va cs, 1993, 1995). Tuy nhifin, do dieu kifin canh tac lien tuc nhieu nam, nhan gidng chu yen bang phuong phap vd tinh nen dang bi thoai hda nhanh, kha nang phan canh giam, nang suat giam nhieu so vdi thdi diem nhtrng nam dau mdi dua vao frdng (Tran Dinh Long, 2012). Dac biet, cac gidng cd ngpt dang frdng chu yeu hifin nay cd ham luong chat ngpt RebA chua dap ling dupc yeu cau xuat khau cua mdt sd cdng ty nhap khau cd ngot ldn
Tmng tam T^i nguyen thtrc vat.
Hoi Giong cSy trong Viet Nam
trfin thfi gidi. Chinh vi vay, can nghien ciru tuydn chpn gidng cd nggt mdi cd nang suat cao, chat lupng tdt, chdng chiu vdi mgt sd sau benh hat chinh, tiiich ling vdi dieu kien canh tac ciia Viet Nam.
2 . VAT UEU VA PHUDN& PHAP NGHIBU CUU 2.1. vat lieu nghifin oiu
Vu thti nhat: Su dung hat gidng cd ngot nhap ndi cua Tnmg tam Tai nguyen thuc vat va gidng ddi chiing dang dugc frdng phd bien hifin nay ST88. Cac vu sau:
Sii dung cay gidng giam canh (20-25 ngay tudi), sinh ti-dng phat tiien tdt, khong bi nhifim sau bfinh.
2.2. Phuong phap nghifin ciiu
- Phuong phap chgn loc gidng cd ngpt; Sti dung phuang phap chgn lgc ca the (Pedigree). Gieo hat cua gidng cd ngpt, tien hanh chpn lpc ra cac ca the tdt nhat cua gidng va tifin hanh danh gia cac dong tnen vong.
- Phuang phap khao nghiem ca ban;Thi nghifim dupc bd tri theo kieu ngau nhifin hoan toan vdi ba ldn nhac lai, mdi gidng 01 6 thi nghifim, didn tich 6 thi nghiem la 100 m^.
Phuang phap khao nghiem san xuat; Thi nghiem bd tri theo phuong phap tudn tu khong nhac lai, tdng difin tich frdng gidng ST77 tai cac diem la 7,5 ha.
- Chi tieu theo doi cua cac thi nghidm: Chifiu cao cay, sd cap la/cay va nang suat la kho (do am la khd 10%) theo tieu chuan co sd cua Trung tam Tai nguyen thuc vat.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020 27
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfi - Phuong phap phan tich ham luong duong RebA
theo Abou-Arab etal. (2010).
- Miic dp nhifim bfinh ddm nau tinh theo cap bfinh frong tifiu chuan nganh (10TCN340-2006).
- Phuong phap phan tich hifiu qua kinh te cua cay frong:
+ Tdng gia tri thu nhap (GR) = Nang suat x Gia ban trung binh
+ Tdng chi phi lini dong (TVC) = Chi phi vat tu + Chl phi lao dpng -i- Chi phi nang lupng -i- Lai suat vdn d a u t u ) = G R - T V C
+ Ty suat lai so vdi vdn dau tu (VCR) = GR/TVC SO D 6 Q U A T R I N H CHQN LOC G I 6 N G CO NGOT
ST77
V D X u i n z o u
Vu X o a n 2(113
VnXuanZD14
VifXuBBlOlS-ZOlfi
V n X u i n 2016-2017
Gieo hai, dioa cay loi t u quan the co ngpt
1
Phan I j p va danh gw a c dong co ngol tnen vong
1
Danh gia cbpn Ipc dong co ngot tnen vpng
1
Khao nghiem co ban gions co Dgot STTT
O a o nghiem san i^uat va xay di;ng quy timh canh
1
t k gjong CO ngot ST77
- Ky thuat trdng: Thdi vu: Trdng vao thang 2 hang nam; mat dp frdng: 16 van cay/ha; phan bdn su
Bang 1. Dac di^m hinh thai ciia mdt sd ddng, gidng cd ngpt tri&i vpng
dimg cho 1 ha: 10 tan phan chudng hoai nine, 250 kg dam sunphat, 300 kg lan supe, 100 kg kah clorua.
Bdn lot toan b6 lugng phan chudng va '^^'^ ^ ^ ^ truoc khi frdng.
- Phuong phap xuly sdheu: Sv dung ph4n mem IRRSTAT 5.0 va Exel 2010.
- Thdi gian va dia didm nghien cuu Thi nghifim nghien cuu chpn loc va khao nghidm CO ban dupc thuc hifin tii nam 2012 ddn 2015 tai Trung tam Tai nguyfin thuc vat va xa D£ii Cat, Tir Ufim, Ha Npi.
- TTii nghiem khao nghifim san xuat dupc thtrc hien frong vu xuan 2016-2017 tai Vti Ban- Nam Dinh, Nam Sach- Hai Duong, Ung Hda- Ha Ndi, Tir Lifim - Ha Npi.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. K^t qua nghifin ctiu tuy^n chpn gidng ci ngpt mdi
Gidng Cd ngpt ST77 dugc nhap npi tir Nhat Ban nam 2012. Tidn hanh gieo hat tir vu xuan nSra 2012 t^i Trung tam Tai nguyfin Tliuc vat (Hoai Due) va Tir Lifim, Ha Ngi thu dupc 1.025 ca the. Str dung phuong phap chpn lgc ca the (Pedigree) da phan \kp dupc 12 dang cd cac dSc tinh khac nhau chti yeu la dang \i, mau sac la va dp phan canh; ddn vu xuan nam 2013, phan lap dupc 10 ddng la: SI, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, SIO. Ket qua danh gia dac diem hinh thai v^ mot sd dac tinh nong hpc, da phan lap dtrgc 2 ddng co tri^n vgng nhat la ST99 va ST77.
Cac dong, giong ST88 ST77 ST99 CV%
LSDoos
Dac diem hinh thai Kich thnoc la
(dai X rong) (cm) 7,71+1,lx2,I2±0,8 7,52+1,0x2.14+0,8 6,52+1,1 X 2,64+0,8
8,1 2,4
Daidot (cm) 2,31+0,3 2,23+0,3 2,71±0,5 7,9 1,6
Cao cay (cm) 47,81+0,4 51,24+0.3 45,42+0,4
8,5 3,2
So cap la/cay (cap la)
164,63 192,21 155,64 8,2 2,6 Ket qua danh gia dac diem hinh thai cua cac
dong, giong co ngot trien vong cho thay: Giong ST77 CO dac di^m noi trpi ve kich thiroc la, chi^u dai la 7,52cm, chi4u rpng la 2,14 cm, chieu dai ddt 2,23 cm.
Dac biet, hai chi Heu chieu cao cay (51,24 cm) va sd cap la tren cay (192,21 cap la) cao hon so voi ST88 va ST99 va su sai khac co y nghia thdng ke.
Ket qua bang 2 cho thay nang suat ca the ciia gidng ST77 cao hon hin so vm dong ST99 va gidng ddi chiing 6 miic sai khac co y nghia, dat 4,14- 4,52 g/cay; trong khi do cac dong/gionK kii.ic chi dat 2,82 - 3,43 g/cay. Nang suat thuc thu in,,,^. !,(„[, ^.g„g hai nam dat 4,0 tan la kho/ha/nam. :j,.,ni, ,)gi chiing ST88 dat 2,51 tan/ha/nam.
28 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Bang 2. Bkah gik nSng suat ciia mdt sd ddng, giong cd ngpt tridn vpng
Cac dong, gidng STBS ST77 ST99 CV%
LSD„,,
Nang suat ca the (g/cay) Xuan 2013 3,03+0,07 4,14+0,07 2,82+0,06 8,7 2,1
Xuan 2014 3,43+0,07 4,52+0,06 3,31±0,07 8,9 1,9
Nang suat (tan/ha/nam)
2,51 4,00 2,43 8,5 0,7 Bang 3, Miic dO nhiSm bfinh ddm niu cua mdt sd
ddng, gidng cd ngpt vu xuan 2013-2014 Cac gidng
ST88 ST77 ST99
Miic dp nhidm bdnh (%) 1,97 1,51 2,55
Bfinh ddm nau la bfinh gay hai ldn nhat tifin cay cd nggt, bgnh gay hai tren tiian, cudng la va tien mat la. Ty lfi bi bfinh ddm nau tren gidng ST77 d muc nhe (1,51%) va fliap hon so vdd cac ddng/gidng so sanh.
Bang 4. Chit lupng ciia mfit s6 ddng, gidng cd ngpt 08/2014)*
Cac dong/gidng
ST88 ST 77 ST 99
Glucpzit tdng sd %
9,06 13,62 11,67
Steviozit
(«)
1,71 2,13 2,04
Reb- A(%)
6,52 10,51
3,83 Dulcozit
(%)
0,51 1,08 0,21 'Giii phan ti'ch tfi Cdng ty Stevia Toan cdu, 2014
Gidng ST77 cd ham lupng dudng tong sd cao nhat dat 13,62%, dac bidt ham lupng Reb-A cao dat 10,51% trong khi p gidng ddi chiing ST88 chi dat 6,52%. Nhu vay, sau khi tien hanh nghien oiu da chon dupc gidng ST77 la gidng cd nhidu dac diem uu tu hon cac gidng khac: nang suat thuc thu dat 4,0 tan/ha/nam, ham lupng RebA dat 10,51% va miic do nhidm benh ddm nau thap.
3.2. K& qua khao nghidm gidng cd ngpt ST77 3.2.1. Khao nghiem cabin gidng cd ngot ST77 Kdt qua khao nghiem cp ban trong 2 vu xuan nam 2016 va 2017 cho thay gidng cd ngpt ST77 cd nhidu dac tinh ndi trdi ve dd day ciia la, tdng sd cap la, sd ddt, sd canh, nang suat ca thd vd nang suat la khd/ha dat 4,17 tan la khd/ha/nam trong khi gidng ST88 chi dat tir 2,73 tan/ha/nam.
Tinh khac bidt d gidng ST77 la hinh dang thudn dai, dau tu, trong khi dd gidng ST88 hinh ludi mac, ddu nhpn. Mau sac la, chieu cao cay rat khac biet (gidng ST77 cao trung binh 52,46 cm, gidng ST88 cap trung binh 47,18 cm). Nang suat ST77 vupt trdi va dac biet cd ham luong Reb-A cao dat tren 10,56%, trong khi dd gidng cu ST88 chi dat ti-dn 6%. Cac thi nghiem vd hinh thai va dac tinh ndng hpc trpng 2 vu xuan nam 2016 va nam 2017 cung chp thay gidng ST77 cd su dn dinh va ddng nhat cao.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
B4ng 5. Mot sd dgc didm ndng sinh hoc cda gidng ST88 va Chi tieu theo ddi
Chieu cao cay (cm) Tdng sd canh/cay Sd cap la Hinh dang la Mau sac la Sd ddt/than chinh Mau sdc hoa Ham lupng Reb-A
Nang suat thuc thu (tan/ha/nam)
3T77 trong nam 201^2017 Gidng khao nghiem Gidng ST 77
52,46 37,00 195,78 Thudn dai, dau til
Xanh nhat 25,8 Trang 10,56 4,17
Gidng ST 88 47,18 29,23 167,95 Hinh ludi mac, ddu nhpn
Xanh dam 19,58 Trdng 6,43 2,73 3.2.2. Khao nghiem san xuat gidng cd ngot STTT
Tir cac ket qua khao nghiem co ban da thuc hifin, nghifin cuu da tien hanh khao nghiem san xuat gidng
CO ngpt tiien vgng ST77 tai mot sd tinh thudc khu vuc ddng bang sdng Hdng, ket qua dugc the hifin d bang 6.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020 29
KHOA HOC CONO MCMt
Bang 6. DJc didm sinh truong, phdt tridn va ndng suit trong khdo nghidm sin xu4t c i a gidng ST77 tai cic rinh t h i i A c l f b i i viR^<fAnrTl^An»«A__TT^_
Chi tieu Quy md (ha) Chieu cao cay (cm) Sd cap Id (cdp la)
Miic dd nhidm bdnh ddm nau (%) Ham luong RebA (%) Nang suat (tan/ha/nam)
Dia diem khdp nghiem sdn xudt Ung Hda,
Ha Ndi 4 56,15 210,47 1,11 10,90 4,50
Til Lidm, Ha Ndi
0,5 54,44 200,63
1,43 10,94 4,32
VuBan, Nam Dinh
2 52,47 196,34 1,22 10,85 4,25
Nam Sach, Hal Duong
1 59,26 244,92
1,35 10,96
5,51 Nhu vay qua khao nghifim san xuat gidng ST77
tai cac tinh thuoc khu vuc ddng bang sdng Hdng cho thay gidng ST77 cd chieu cao cay dao dpng 52,47- 59,26 cm, sd cap la /cay 196,34 - 244,92 cap la, muc dp nhifim bfinh ddm nau 1,11-1,43%, ham lupng dudng 10,85-10,96% va cho nang suat thuc thu cao tu 4,25-5,51 tan/ha/nSm.
3.2.3. HiSu qua kmh te cua gidng STZ7 tai cac dia phuong
Hieu qua kinh te dugc xem la thudc do cua sir thanh c6ng ddi vdi mpt mfi hinh canh tac trong ndng nghifip. Hifiu qua kinh td cua md hirih san xuat gidng ST77 da dugc danh gia tai 4 dia diem thupc khu vuc ddng bang sdng Hdng.
B ^ g 7. Hi^u qua kinh t^ cua gidng ST77 tai c^c dia di^m khao nghidm san xu^t Yeu to kinh td'
Tdng chi NSTT Gia ban Tdng thu Lai thudn Ty suat lai VCR
Don vido Trieu d/ha
Tan/ha Ddng/kg Trieu d/ha Trieu d/ha
Lan
Ung Hda, Ha Ndi 160,25 ' 4,50
90.000 405 244,75
2,52
Tir Liem, HdNdi
162,50 r 4,32
90.000 388,80 226,30 2,39
Vu Ban, Nam Dinh
170,90 4,25 90.000 382,50 211,60 2,23
Nam Sach, Hdi Duong 174,80
5,51 90.000 495,90 321,10 2,83 Kfi't qua bang 7 cho thay tai Ung Hda, Ha Ngi, lai
thuan cua giong co ngpt ST77 dat 244,75 trifiu ddng/ha. Tuong tu tai Tir Lifim va Nam Dinh thi lai thuan thu dupc cua gidng ST77 la 226,30 trieu ddng/ha va 211,60 trifiu ddng/ha. Nang suat md hinh san xuat gidng ST77 dat cao nhat tai diem Hai Duong (5,51 tan/ha) va cho hifiu qua 321,1 trifiu ddng/ha. Ty suat lai tai cac dja phuong deu cao tir 2,23-2,83 lan. Nhu vay khi tien hanh trdng gidng cd ngpt ST77 da gdp phan cai tien nang suat va nang cao hifiu qua canh tac cho gidng cd ngpt tai mdt sd tinh thudc khu vuc ddng bang sdng Hdng.
4 . KETLUAN
Nghifin cuu da chpn lpc duoc gidng cd nggt ST77 til ngudn nhap noi. Gidng cd nggt ST77 sinh tnrdng phat trien tdt, khac bifit so vdi cac gidng hifin cd. Hinh dang la tiiuon dai, dau tu, mau xanh nhat.
nang suat dat trfin 4,0 tan/ha, cd ham lugng Rel>A cao dat tren 10%.
Khao nghifim gidng cd ngpt ST77 tai cac tinh thudc khu vuc ddng bang song Hdng cho kdt qua phat trien dn dinh va chat lupng tdt vdi nang suat dao ddng tir 4,25 ddn 5,51 tan/ha/nam, ham lupng RebA bien dgng tii 10,85-10,96%.
Khao nghiem san xuat gidng co ngpt STT? tai cac tinh thupc khu vuc ddng bang song Hdng cho lai thuan cao, dao dong tir 211.60 321,10 tneu ddng/ha.
TAI LIEU THAM KHJiO
1. Mai Phuong Anh, Trim Dinh Long., 1993.
Chpn tao gidng cd ngpt (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni).
Trong kfi't qua nghifin cuu khoa hpc nong nghi^.
Nha xuat ban Ndng nghifip Ha Noi. tranj:. 120-124
30 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THAN© 5/2O20 ^
KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHE
2. Mai Phuang Anh, Tran Dinh Long, 5. Abou-Arab, A. E., Abou-Arab, A A , Abou- Liakhovkin, A G., 1995. Gidng cd ngot ST88. Trong Salem, F. M., 2010. Physico-Chemical assesment of ket qua nghifin cuu khoa hpc ndng nghiep nam 1994. natural sweeteners steviosides produced from Stevia Nha xuat ban Ndng nghiep. rebaudiana Bertom plant. AtiicJ.Food Sci., 4, 269-
3. BO Ndng nghifip & PTNT., 2006. Tieu chuan ^80.
nganh 10TCN340-2006 6. Debnatii, M., 2008. Clonal propagation and 4. Tran Dinh Long, 2012. Nghien ctm va phat antimicrobial activity of an endemic medicinal plant tiien cd ngpt d Viet Nam. Ky ydu Hgi tiiaove nghifin Stevia rebaudiana. Joumal of medicinal plants cuu va phat tiien cd ngot d Vifit Nam. Ha Npi 4-2012. research., 2(2), 45-51.
REULTS ON BREEDING AND TESTING OF NEW STEVIA VARIETY ST77 Hoang Till Hue, Tran Dinh Long, Nguyen Hoai Thu, La Tuan Nghia Summary
Stevia {Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is considered as herbal and high value food plant; however, the number of official stevia vanaty is limited on the market. The new stevia vanety namely ST77 was released by Plant Resources Center using individual selection method (Pedigree). The ST77 has demonsUated some typical and diferrent traits such as growing, developmg, yield and quality. The height of plant reached 51.78 - 59.26 cm, number of leaf pairs ranged 194.12 - 244.92. Dry leaf yield was high, from 4.25 - 5.51 tons/ha/year;
RebA content varied form 10.51% - 10.9696. Level of brown spot disease was low (rate 1). ST77 has been recognized for the national hebal stevia vanety licenced by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development under decision No. 5140/QD-BNN-TT for the Hong Delta River of Vietnam dated 31'^ December 2019.
Ksy words: Breeding, stevia ST77, growing, yield, RebA content, brown spot disease, economic value.
Ngudi phan bifin: PGS. TS. T r ^ Thi Trudng Ng^ynh^nbM: 18/2/2020
Ng^y thdng qua phan bifin: 10/3/2020 Ng^y duyfit dang: 23/3/2020
, NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON-KYI -THANG 5/2020 31
