VUA Ll; TIlAlVH T 6 ] \ G v d l VIllC BlfllV SOAN QUd'c sir CUA TRIEU LII
NGUYfiN H t r u TAM*
L Vfii n d t v e vi^c b i d n s c a n q u o c suT trUdc t r i l u Ld
Vi§t Nam lfi quflc gia cfl m^t t r u y i n thd'ng vfin hiS'n Ifiu ddi, Nguyin Trai tQng k h i n g djnh trong Dgi cdo binh Ngd: "NhQ nude Dai Vi$t ta vflh xUng n i n vfin hi^n da Ifiu" hofie nhu nhfi bfic hoe Ld Quf Dfln dfi vid't: "Vfiy cfii tdn Giao Chi da cfl tQ Ifiu, Kinh thi goi lfi Minh dd (1), thQc dfing lfi cfii vQc sfiu, cfii c h i m rfim chQa tich vfin minh cua ngQdi ta vfiy" (2). P h a n Huy Chu trong bd bfich khoa Lich triiu hiin chiidng logi chi cung k h i n g djnh: "Nudc Vi$t ta ti^ng khen l l nghia da hdn nghin nfim, vdn ed thu tich da tQ Ifiu l i m " (3). Ong tQ hfio vdi t i n g Idp tti thQc vfi khfli lU^ng thU tich eua dfin t0c: "Huflhg chi Nho si ddi nfio eung cd, vfin chUdng nay nd nhU rQng; sfich vd ngfiy ngfiy cfing nhilu, nd'u khdng trai qua binh iQa ma thfinh tro tfin, thi h i n lfi trfiu k6o phai mdt, nhfi ehfi't phai diy" (4).
Nhung dfing tiS^c, nhQng thQ tich d l minh chQng cho thfinh tQu ciia nen vfin hidn dan t§c trong thdi c^, trung d^i, trai qua bao phen binh IQa, cdn l?ii dSh nay khdng cdn dU^c bao nhidu. Ld Qu^ Ddn trong tfic p h i m Vdn ddi logi ngU, p h i n Khu vd ciing da phai t r i n trd khi n h i c d€h vi$c bidn soan lich sQ vfio nhQng thdi c l d^i
nhu An DUdng vUdng, Tri§u Vu d^: "LQc b^y gid vi$c ch^p sQ bd thi^u nfln danh hi$u cfic chfiu qufin khflng tra khao vfio dfiu dU0c" (5). Theo nhfi sii hpc ho L§, vfio buoi binh minh dQng nUdc ciia dfin t$c chiing ta, vi§c bidn soan lich sQ ciia thdi c^ dai chUa dU(?c chQ f, cho ndn rfi^t khfl khftn tim hiiu d u ^ d n h hinh xa hpi dUdng thdi.
Sau n h i l u nfim nghien cQu ciia gidi khoa hpc ljch sQ, d i e bi^t dUa vfio thfinh tuu cua Khao c6 hoc hdn mdt t h ^ ^ qua, tren dfit nUdc Vi$t Nam da phat hi§n hfing loat hi$n vfit d ^ dfio tieu bilu cua n i n vfin hfla Ddng Sdn nhu trflhg dong, th^p dong, d i ^ g cu san xufi't, do diing sinh hoat,... minh chQng m6t dilu: Thdi dai Dflng Sdn mfi chii nhfin lfi nhQng cu dfin V\%t tQng tfin tai trong tiin trinh Uch sQ d i ^ g nUdc, giQ nUdc cua dfin tdc Vi$t Nam. Khdng ai cfl t h i phu nhfin sU thfit:
M^t n i n Vfin minh Ddng Sdn phfit triin rdc rd trdn vQng dfii cu tru cua dfin tflc ban dia, dfl lfi san p h i m dUpc Mnh thfinh bdi chhih bfin tay khdi dc cua cQ dan Vidt.
TQ t h ^ ky I dSh t h ^ ky X, trong sudt thdi k;^ bj Id thu^c vfio phong kien phQdng Bie, vi$c bidn soan ljch sQ cua nUdc ta cung chUa thtfy xufi't hifln dfi'u hi$u gi d i e bidt.
C i c nhfi nghien cQu mud'n tim h i i u Hch si(
giai doan nfiy thudng phai dQa vfio nhQng
• TS. Vien SQ hoe
Vua L& ThAnh Tflng...
truyin thuyg't dfin gian cua Vi$t Nam, eiing cfic ghi ch^p le te, n h i l u khi mang tinh philh di^n, cQc doan tQ cfic b$ sQ nhfi nUdc hofie t u nhfin Trung Qufl'c.
Theo nhQng tU h$u hi^n cfl, vi$c bidn soan qudc sQ b i t d i u dupe quan tam tQ thdi LJ (1009-1225), song chi t h i y xufi't hi^n tfic p h i m Sit ky do tfic gia Do Thi0n vilt vfio khoang nfim 1127 sau Cflng nguyen. Npi dung eua b$ sfich nfiy gidi h^n tQ Tri$u Vu vUdng nfim 207 trUdc Cdng nguyin dS'n h^t trilu L^ Nhfin tflng nfim 1127, t i n g c$ng thdi gian mfi sach d l cfip kdo dfii khoang 1334 nfim. Dang til'c cufl'n sQ d i u tidn de'n nay da thfi't truyin. Theo suy doan chii quan, cd le thdi k^^ nfiy v i n ehua cd hinh thfinh cd quan viet sQ cua nhfi nudc, cho nen vide bien soan lich sQ dfin toe cung chUa dUde thUc hi$n. Chinh vi the', vfio th^ky XV, nhfi sQ hoc Ngd Si Lien da dUa ra nhfin dinh v l tinh hinh bidn ch§p sQ trUde khi cfl bd Dgi Viet sit ky ra ddi nfim 1272 eua Ld Vfin HUu nhu sau: "NhQng vi thiiu sQ sfich bien chdp mfi sU thQc diu nghe truyen midng, ldi ghi cd p h i n quai dan, sU vi$c cd khi quen khi sdt, cho dd'n vilt chQ khflng diing, ghi rUdm ra, chi lfim loan mit, cdn dQng lfim gUdng sao dUde" (6).
Vide bidn soan Uch sQ dan tpc dUijc trilu dinh trung Udng chQ trpng b i t d i u tQ thdi T r i n (1225-1400). Nha T r i n da dfit ra Quflc sQ vi§n, vfi dfiy lfi cd quan nhfi nude chuydn trach sUu t i m vfi bidn so^n quflc sQ d i u tidn cua Vidt Nam.
Vide thiSt l i p Qufl'c sQ vi$n vdi chQc vu cao nhfi't IQc bfi'y gid lfi Gifim tu Quoc sQ vien, dupc tham khao vfi hpc tfip mfl hinh ddi Dudng - Td'ng. Theo Uch sQ Trung Qufl'c vfio ddi Dudng dfi b i t d i u hinh thfinh quy c h l cac quan trpng t h i n trong trieu nhu T l tudng, Dai t h i n dUdc dam trach chQc Gifim tu Qud'c sQ. Nhung d i n ddi Tflng (960 - 1238) mdi xufi't hidn tdn gpi Qufl'c sQ vien lfi
cd quan cao n h i t cua nhfi nUde cfl nhidm vi?
phi;i trfich bien soan Qud'c sQ (7).
Ld Vfin HUu, dd Bang nhfin khoa thi nfim Dinh MQi ddi T r i n Thfii tflng (1247) lfi vj Giam tu Qu6c sQ d i u tidn cua D^i Vidt.
SQ gia Le Vfin HUu thfing trai nhilu chQc W trong t r i l u T r i n , tQ Hfin lfim vi§n Hpc SI r i i ThQpng thU B$ Binh tUdc Nhfin Uyen h i u . Theo thU tjch c l cho biit: Khi Lfl Vfin HUu lfim Hfin lfim vi$n Hoc si, dng dUpc trilu T r i n ban kiem chQc Quoc sd vidn Giira tu (8). Trong giai doan giQ chQc Gifim tu, Ld Vfin HQU dQdc giao nhidm vu quan trpng bien soan bd ljch sQ quflc gia tQ Tri$u Vu de de'n hg't trilu L^. Khdng rd thdi gian Men soan bd Qud'c sQ cua Ld Vfin Huu lfi bao Ifiu, ehi biet r i n g vfio thfing Gidng, mQa xuan nfim Nhfim Than (1272), dng dfi trinh bd Dgi Viit s^ ky gIm 30 quyin ldn vua Trin Thanh Tflng. Sau khi duy$t xem, vua Thanh Tflng da ha chilu ban khen (9).
Cd t h i k h i n g dinh, Bgi Vi$t s& ky lfi san phim cua ed quan bien soan Qudc sQ vidn trieu Trin, la bd Quoc sQ diu tien dUdc bidn soan dudi sU chi dao cua nhfi nUdc. Dfing tiec bd sQ sau dd da thfi't truyin, chiing ta chi ed the tim dUdc mdt so' nfli dung edn sflt lai cua bd Quoc sQ qua 30 doan trieh dfin hidn vfin dupe chdp trong bd Bgi Viet sut ky todn thii vfi dd la nhQng ddng sQ dang tin cfiy. Gidi sQ hpc hi$n dai dfinh gifi cao nhQng ddng ghi chdp cua sQ gia Ld vfin HUu: "Cfl the coi nhQng doan trieh d i n dd lfi nhiing manh vd nhUng t h u i n khiet ciia Bgi Viit svl ky ciia Le Vfin HUu cdn giQ dUde trong Bgi Viet s^ ky todn thii va lfi cd sd dang tin cfiy nhfi't" (10).
SQ ra ddi cua bd Bgi ViSt silc ky, da danh dfi'u mflt budc tilh quan trpng trong vide bidn soan Uch sQ qudc gia eua Viet Nam, dong thdi tao cd sd cho qua trinh phfit trien sQ hpc trong nhiing giai doan Uch sQ ke tiep. Le Vfin HUu xQng dfing lfi nhfi sQ hpc d i u tidn md dudng eho vide bidn soan qudc sQ cua dfin tflc.
Rghien eiiru Ljeh sJr. s61.Z013 Sau L6 Vftn Hou, vfto thang 9 nftm Dinh S i u
niSn hi^u Khai H\fu thfl 8, dcri vua TrSn HiSh T6ng (1337), Nguyin Trung Ngsm dang Ift An phu sfl Ngh$ An cOng dU(Jo trilu Trfo ban kiSm chflc Qu6c s i vi$n Giftra tu (11).
II. NhCmg d 6 n g g 6 p c u a v u a hi T h i n h T 6 n g t r « n Itnh v^c ail h p c
Vudng trilu L8 dUcJc thftnh 14p nftm 1428, ngofti vi$c tflp trung ciing ctf vft xfty di^ng t h i c h l chfnh tri, tSng cudng qufic phdng, d^y manh phftt t r i i n kinh t l , c6n chii y ngay tfli vi$c k l thiJa truyin t h i n g bi6n sojn quic sik c6 til trilu TrSn. Nhft L6 cung da l^p ra co quan chuyfin trftch v l quic sii 1ft Quic s i vi$n. Trong d l , ngUdi dflng d^u Quoc sii v i | n 1ft Tri Quoc sfl vi^n (12). Svi gia Phan Phu T i t o 1ft nguW dSu tien dam nhiem chflc VT^ nfty. Sau dl, thftng 12 nien hieu Thai Hoa thfl 6, dcfi vua Le Nhan tdng (1448), da d p them chflc Quoc sfl viSn Dong tu sfl. Nhflng ngflcli gifl chflc CO BW Phflc, Nguyin VSn C h i t , Phan Hoan, Nguyin Thiic Thong (13). ThUc ra, chflc Quoc sfl quan Dong tu sfl da dU(?c dftt ra tfl trUlc vft d i n nSm 1448 thi b i n v i t a quan vfla k l tren mdi du^c trilu Le chfnh thflc trao cho gifl chflc nfty. Vi vfto 4 thftng trudc, tflc 1ft thang 8 nftm 1448, sii c6 chip sU ki$n vi§n quan "Quic sfl Ding tu 1ft Nguyin VSn To xin tfl chflc" (14).
So vdi Quic sfl vi$n trilu T r i n thi ho?t ding biSn soan cua Quic sfl vi^n trieu lA c6 h i | u qua vft dat dfl^ nhflng thftnh tflu Mn hdn. B | Bifi Vi^t su: ky do Phan Phu Tiin phy trach chlnh 14 bo Quic sfl d i u ti6n dui)c thi^c hiin dudi trilu Le. Nftm At Hcpi (1455), Ing vua dUdng tri vi 1ft Le NhSn Tong sai Phan Phu Tien soan bp Dai Vi?t sfl k^, giai do?n tfl T r i n Thai Tong din khi quSn Minh rflt v l nulc (tflc tfl 1226 d i n 1427), gIm 10 quyin (16). Nhu vfty, cho din deli vua L6 N h t o Ting (1443- 1459), be Quoc sfl da dUdc chip tfl Trieu vUOng K e n Dflc (nftm 111 trfldc Cong
nguyin) d i n trudc khi thftnh llip trilu Ll (1428), thSi gian k l o dfti hon 1500 nftm.
Vdi 38 nftm tri vi (1460-1497), Le Thftnh T i n g dft xfty d i ^ g quic gia Dai Vi$t m^t t h i c h l chfnh trj phong k i l n phat triin toftn di^n. Ong quan tftm d i n moi mftt ciia m | t quic gia, t i i n hftnh cai cftch hftnh chfnh tfl t r u n g Udng d i n d)a phUdng. Trong d l , vlfn d l sfl hoc dUdc L l Thanh T i n g chfl trpng k i t h f l a vft phftt t r i i n . BiSn soan quIc sfl t r i l u Le Thftnh T i n g dftnh dft'u mot mic son trong st^ nghi$p sfl hpc dan t$c.
Quic sfl vi^n - cd quan chuyftn trach sfl hpc tilp ti;u: dupc vua Le Thanh ting duy tri vft phat triin. Tfl t h i ky XI trci di, Thftng Long da luon l u i n hi$n didn vdi vai tro 1ft trung tftm chfnh tri vft vftn hda ciia ca nudc.
Din trilu Le, Thftng Long Que nfty vdi ten gpi 1ft Ddng Do) vfin dupc cftc vua Le coi trpng, 1ft ndi tftp trung mpi cd quan d i u nfto cua trilu CQnh. Duong nhien Quic sfl vi$n - cd quan bien soan sfl quic gia luon dupc dftt ben canh nhft vua vft cftc cd quan trpng yiu cua vUdng trilu tai Kinh d l Thftng Long.
Tuy Le Thftnh T i n g 1ft m | t vi quftn vuong, I n g khong true t i l p 1ft ngudi tiafc hi§n vi$c Iftm quic sfl, nhUng vf vua tfti gioi uy6n bftc t r e n Dnh v\fc vftn hda, thudng xuySn quan t i m vft t^o d i l u ki$n cho cing tac chep sfl phftt t r i i n . Tfl tudng chi dao v l vi$c bien 80?n q u i c sfl cila Le Thftnh Ting da dupc cftc sfl gia dudng thdi, trong d l xuS't sic nhtft 1ft N g i Si Lien da quftn tri$t vft the h i | n sftu s i c vfto n i i dung cua b | Dfli Vi^t sit ky todn thit. Chung ta cl thi k h i i q u i t d i n g gdp cua Le Thftnh T i n g vfto Unh vUc bien so^n quic sfl n h u sau:
1. Co y thiic coi trfng, d6n doc, situ tam thu th&p tit li^u mdt cdch todn diin, k l ca nhflng t u U^u d i n gian, da sfl... sau dl, dupc giam dinh phe phftn nghiem tuc vft chpn Ifla c i n thftn. Theo ghi ch6p cua thu tjch, c l it n h i t 2 l i n vua Le Thanh T i n g da
Vua h& Thanh TQng..
ban ldnh cho q u i n t h i n eUu tfip sQ li§u trong dfin gian. Dilu nfiy da dUpc cfic sQ gia nil tidng cua nUdc ta lfi Ngfl Si Lidn vfi Ld Qu^
Ddn phan anh trong efie cdng trinh sQ hpc ciia nunh. Trong Bfii tQa eua bo Doi Vi^t sCc ky todn thii, Ngd ^ Lien vilt: "Khoang nfim Quang Thufin (1460-1469) xuflhg chilu tim kiem da sQ vfi cfic truy$n kf xUa nay, do cfic tu nhfin c i t giQ, diu ra l^nh dfing ca len di s i n tham khao" (16). SQ gia Ld Qu^ Ddn song vfio nOa sau thi" ky XVIH, trong bfl Bgi Vi^t thdng sd hay cdn gpi lfi lA triiu thdng sit, da cfl nhQng ldi dfinh gifi cao v l cflng tfic chuin hi sQ U$u cho bidn soan quflc sQ eua Thfinh Tdng: "Vua Thfinh Tdng ham thich sfich vd, hii d i u nam Quang Thufin (1460-1469) h^
chid'u tim tdi cfic da sQ, thu thfip truy$n 1^ co kim cdn chQa d efie nhfi ridng dera dfing ldn tfi't ca. Khoang nfim Hing DQc (1470-1497), nhfi vua lai ha chil'u ciu nhQng sfich cdn sflt lai dera chQa cfit Bi cfic" (17). SQ gia hp Lfl cdn cho hilt: Trong dip nfiy nhilu ngUdi da dem ca sfich quy, hie'm la, ngay ea sfich bi truyin vfi tfi't ca mpi ngUdi dfing sfich d i u dupe trieu (£nh khuyin khich ban khen thudng dung mQc. Vi the, tiidng qua nhQng dpt siiu t i m dudi trilu vua Le Thfinh Tdng, rfi't nhilu sfich quy cua ddi trude cung d i n d i n dUpc phfit hi$n vfi thu thfip lai de phyc vu cho cdng tfic viS't Quoc sQ (18).
2. Niu cao tii tiidng yiu ni/dc, tinh thdn tii hdo ddn tdc sdu sdc, bdt ddu chinh thi^ tgo diing viec ddn tdc Viit co nguSn gde titi&n tii Kink BiiOng Vuang - HUng Viiang, khai md mdt truyin thdng "con Lgc, chdu Hong". Cfic nhfi nghidn cQu diu da ghi nhfin ddng gdp xuit sic cua Ngd Si Lidn trong vide bien s o ^ radi p h i n Ngogi ky chdp tQ Hing Bfing thj dd'u hiit ddi An Dudng VUdng trong b0 sach Dgi Viet sH ky todn thii. Ong da chinh thQe dUa Uch sQ thdi dai rad nUdc cdn mang tinh ehfi't nOa huyen tho^i nOa ljch sQ cua dfin tdc Vi$t Nam bao gIm cfic ddi Kinh DUdng
VUdng, Lac Long Qufin, HQng VUdng, An DUdng VUdng, l i n d i u tidn vfio qudc sQ (19).
Ciing chfnh tQ Ngfl Si Lidn vdi p h i n Ngogi ky cua minh da khdi d i u cho quan ni§ra "Con chfiu l^c Hing", "Con Ring, chiu Tidn", "Con chfiu vua HQng" (20) hinh thfinh trong nhfin dfin vfi dupe til'p nfli mai cho din ngfiy nay vfi cho tdi mai sau.
Sau nhQng biln ctf xay ra trong cung dinh, Ld Thfinh Tflng Ifin n i m giQ ngdi vua nfim 1460. Ngd Si Lidn vdi vai trd Dfl NgU sQ da cd nhQng f kid'n can gifin khdng dUpe Ld Thfinh Tdng vQa f, cho ndn, nfim 1461, dng bj huyin chQc Dd NgQ sQ vfi dUpc giao chQc vy L§ bO hQu Thi lang kiim Qud'c tQ giira Tu nghidp. Cd t h i nhfin thfi^y, tQ sau khi Ngd Si Lidn chuyin sang boat ddng trdn Knh vQc vfin hfla - giao due, flng da phfit huy dupc sd trUdng cQng nfing lUc eua minh. Trdn 10 nam sau, vfio nam 1471, Ngfl Si Lien dUpc trao cho chQe SQ quan tu soan. Cho dl'n nam 1479, Le Thanh Tdng l^i "sai SI? quan Tu sogn Ngd Si Liin sogn bd Bgi Viet svC ky todn thU 15 quyen" (21).
Trdn mdt cUdng vi mdi - bidn soan qufl'c sQ, Ngfl Si Lien da mang h i t sQc lUc vfi tfim huye't d l gdp p h i n eung cfic nhfi sQ hpc tao ra mdt bp lich sQ dfin tdc d l ddi. Trong bp qufl'c sQ ldn nfiy, dng da d l lai nhieu dfi'u i n quan trpng, dong thdi cung t h i hi$n dupe tu tudng cQng nhfin cfich eua mdt sQ gia Vi$t Nam thdi phong kiln.
Neil chung ta dfi danh gia cao ddng gdp cua SQ gia Ngd Si Lien thi eung khdng t h i phu nhfin vai trd cua vi vua sfing sud't Le Thfinh Tdng. Vi chfnh dng vua nfiy da phat hi$n ra tfii nfing trdn Hnh vQc sQ hpc cua Ngd Si Lidn vfi tao cd h0i cQng dilu kidn cho ngdi but cua Ngd Si Lien dQdc cd dip phfit triin. Chic c h i n khi efie sd t h i n trinh bfiy phfim le, ndi dung ban thao bfl sfich, da dQpc vi qufin vUdng Ld Thanh Tdng dpc duy$t, cho phdp thi chung ta ngfiy nay mdi
Rghifin eiJru Lieh ajr. s61.2013 cfl dupe nhQng trang vi^t cua b$ Qud'c sQ
trfin d i y n i l m tU hfio dfin t$c.
3. Khdng dinh chu quyin ldnh thdquSc gia, khdng nhdn nhiing ki thti xdm phgm biin ciidng TdquS'c
ChQng ta c i n nhic dl'n cfiu ndi nii til'ng cua vua Ld Thfinh Tflng nhU m^t Tuydn ngfln v l chu quyin Ifinh t h i qufic gia trong bfii Dy ban cho Thfii bao lA Cinh Huy, dUpc chfip trong bd Bgi Viit sut ky todn thit. "M^t thUdc nui, m0t tic sflng cua ta, 16 nfio nen vQt bd?...
Nlu ngUdi d i m dera ra^t thUdc m^t tfic d i t cua Thfii t l lfim mii cho gific, thi tdi phai tru di" (22). Chfnh sfich bidn cUdng, dfic bidt lfi ddi vdi phUdng Bie eua trilu Ld trong giai doan eudi t h i ky XV da lfim n i i bfit tfii lanh d^o khdn k h ^ , Qng xQ d i y mUu lUpe cua vj vua Thfinh Tflng. Trong cfic b$ sfich hi^n cdn nhu Bgi Viit su" ky todn thii, Quoc triiu hinh lugt cua Viet Nam vfi Minh sii ky si/ bdn mat, Minh Hien tdng thiA: lgc hay Minh su! cua phfa Trung Qud'c d i u cfl rfit nhilu ghi chdp minh chQng: trilu Le Thanh Tdng da chu ddng gifinh tQng tfi'e dfi't bien cUdng, bao v^
tofin v?n lanh tho quflc gia (23). Ld Thfinh Tdng dfi dUa vfio thuc lUc cua minh, xfiy dUng dUdc mflt qudc gia D^i Vipt mfi kd thQ lfi trilu Minh ciing phai edng nhfin lfi "qudc phu binh cudng" (24).
4. Cdng lao to ldn hOn cd trin linh viic sH hgc cda vua Li Thdnh Tdng Id trin ca sd ki thaa thdnh tiiu cda cdc triiu dgi triidc dd ddy mgnh vi$c xdy diing Qudc sit vi$n - ca quan biin sogn qudc sit. Cd c i u cua Qufic sQ vi$n dupc md rpng vfi dfit thfim cic chQc vy cfl tfnh ehfi't chuyen mfln hda cao nhU Tu sQ, Tu soan. Trong dfl chQc SQ quan Tu soan dupc trao cho vien quan trQc tiep bifln soan ljch sii, mang tfnh ehuydn mdn hda cao. NgUdi d i u tien dupe trao chQc nfiy dudi thdi Ld Thanh Tflng lfi nhfi sQ hpc n i i til'ng Ngd Si Lien.
Thfinh t i ^ ldn nhfi't dUdc ghi nhfin cua Quoc sQ vi$n dUdi thdi vua Ld Thfinh Tdng lfi v i ^ h i t d i u dfit cd sd cho vi§c bien soan bp Dgi Vi4t sit ky todn thii. Nftm 1471, Ld Thfinh Tflng giao cho SQ quan Tu so^n Ngfl S Lien bidn so^n b^ Qufic sQ, sau 8 nftm cQng vdi cfic ding sQ mi§t mfii, vfio thfing 1 nfim 1479, sd gia hp Ngfl dfi trinh ldn vua m$t bfi sQ cd ten lfi Bgi Vi^t sit ky todn thii, 15 quyin. Thflng qua bidn soan qufic sii, LS Thfinh Tflng da tfip hpp dupc m$t dpi ngu sut gia tfii gidi, tfim huyfiit vdi ljch ail dfin t ^ . Lfl QuJ Ddn da ca ngpi v i ^ tuyin chpn sii gia dUdi trilu Le Thfinh Tflng nhu sau; "Bfi'y gid (chi trilu Le Thfinh Tfln^ kfin chpn sQ quan rfi't cin trpng, nhu sQ quan Ld Nghla chdp thing, giQ ngay, ed khf til't c^ nhfin" (25). Su ki§n sQ t h i n L§
Nghia mfi Ld Qu^ Ddn n h i c d^n dupc chip d i y du trong bd Bgi Viit SIJC ky todn thii. N6i dung c u ^ dm t h o ^ giQa SQ quan Ld Nghia vfi Le Thanh Tdng xoay quanh vide nhfi vua muon xem Quoc sQ, nhUng SQ quan khdng d i n g f. Ld N ^ a da t h i n g t h i n ndi vdi vj vua dfmg tri vi: "Vua mfi xem Quoc sQ, hfin khflng phai lfi vide hay" (26), hofie "Chi c i n Bfl h§L c£f ging lfim dilu hay thfli, vi§c ^ phai xem Qudc sQ" (27). Thflng qua sU ki$n nfiy, sik sfich ciia Vi^t Nam tQ xUa den nay v i n rit bi hfio v l tfnh trung thUc, khdng sp cim quyin, dQ lfi m$t vi qufin vUdng dQng d i u qudc gia cua ngudi chdp sQ.
BO Bgi Vi4t suC ky todn thii b i t d i u dUpc bidn soan tQ t r i l u Le Thanh Tdng dUpc kit thuc vfio nfim 1697 lfi san p h i m ehung diic cua n i n sQ hpc chfnh thong tQ thl^ ky XIII dl'n t h ^ ky XVII vdi sQ ddng gflp cua nhilu nhfi 8ii hpc noi t i i n g trong giai doan Uch ait b i y gid. Bp Bgi Viit sit ky todn thii la mflt bp qufl'c sQ ldn "lfi thfinh tUu cua n i n vfin hda D^i Vi$t" (28), "lfi mdt cdng trinh tfip d^i thfinh nhieu b^ avt do n h i l u nhfi sii hoc cua cfic ddi bidn soan, tQ Ld Vfin HQU dtii T r i n , qua P h a n Phu Tien, Ngd K Lifln, Vu
V u a L a T h t o h Tflng...
Qujfnh d d i L d sd, d l ' n P h a m C d n g T r Q , Lfl H y . . . d d i L d T r u n g h u n g , c Q n g n h Q n g n g u d i cfing sU c u a h p " (29).
Lfl T h i n h T f i n g t r o n g 3 8 nfim lfim v u a d a d U a qufic g i a D ^ i V i d t p h a t t r i i n m ^ n h rae tofin d i § n t r d n c a l i n h vi^c c h f n h t r j , k i n h t l ' vfi vfin h d a - sQ h p c . N h f i n d j p k y n i $ m 5 7 0 nftm ngfiy s i n h e u a Lfl T h f i n h T d n g ( 1 4 4 2 - 2 0 1 2 ) , c h Q n g t a cQng n h a u fin l a i cffng h i l ' n xufi't s i c t r e n l i n h vQc bifin s o a n Qufl'c sQ, coi t r p n g vfin h i i n dfin t^c c u a v j v u a tfii n f t n g xufi't c h i i n g . D l t h a y ldi k i t lufin, c h i i n g t d i x i n d U a r a n h f i n d j n h v l
CHUTHfCH
(1). Minh d8 ^ i ! : Theo sfich Chu li, lfi tfin m$t cfii cliim nliiiu co rfim rap. Cfing tSn Minh dd c6 n h i i u chQ v i i t khac nhau, nhUng i m gifihg nhau, d i u chi lfi m$t ndi Minh da ca: Vong ChU, M^nh trU, Mginh ChU, Minh ChU. Sach chii thfch; c h i m nfty d phfa nam a6ng Holing Hfi Ifiu ngky nu6c lyt n h i l u , trfin ngfip, bi l i p kfn, nay kh6ng ro fl dja d i l m n4o. ff ?S ( ^ H"*). ® B EP t ffi, 1988. TH Hdi Qiijp dinh ban), Trung Qudc, ThUdng vy da t h u qufin, 1988, tr. 362, 400.
(2), (5). LS Quy Don: Vdn ddi loai ngS, T.I, Nxb. Vftn h6a, Hft N§i, 1962, tr. 137, 170.
(3), (4). Phan Huy Chu: IJch triiu hien chUOr^
logi chi, T.n, Nxb. Giao dye, Hft Noi, 2007, tr. 379.
(6). D^i Vi4t su! ky todn thii, T.I, Nxb. IChoa hpc xa h§i, Hft N$i, 1998, tr. 99.
(T). B mt}^•. ^ m M f^nmmm.itt^m
its fct, :Jt :K, 1999. (La T6ng L^c chii bifin: Trung Quic l)ch d ^ quan ch^ d ^ tU diln, Bftc ICinh x u i t b a n xa, B i e Kinh, 1994, tr. 507) CTrung vftn).
(8). Dgi Vi4t SI? ky todn thii, T.II, Nxb. Khoa hocxft h$i, Hft Noi, 1998, tr. 38.
(9), ( I I ) , (13), (14), (15), (21), (22), (26), (27).
Dgi Vi4t su! ky todn thU, T.H, edd, tr. 38, 125, 367, 365, 379, 473, 462, 424, 424.
(10), (16), (19). Bgi Viit sil ky todn thil, T.I, add, tr.l20, 100, 23.
(12). Qudfc sil quan t r i i u Nguyin: Khdm dink Viit sit thdng gidm ciiong muc, T.I, Nxb. Gifio dye.
Lfl T h i n h T d n g c u a sQ g i a T r i n T r o n g K i m t r o n g sfich Vi^t Nam sd liipc - b p sQ V i d t N a m d i u t i d n dUpc v i l t b i n g chQ Qud'c n g Q cfich dfiy g i n 1 0 0 nfim n h U s a u : " X e m n h Q n g cfing v i $ c c u a v u a Lfl T h f i n h T o n g t h i Ngfii t h f i t lfi m $ t dfi'ng m i n h q u a n . N h Q n g sU vfin t r j vfi v o cfing d nUdc N a m t a k h d n g cfl d d i nfio t h i n h h d n d d i H i n g DQc.
N h d cd v u a Lfl Thfii T l t h i g i a n g s d n nUdc N a m m d i c d n , vfi n h d cd v u a T h f i n h T d n g t h i vfin h d a nUdc t a m d i t h i n h , vfiy n e n ngUdi A n N a m t a k h f l n g b a o gid q u d n cflng dQc h a i flng v u a i y " (30).
Hft N§i, 1998, t r . l 3 .
(17), (18), (25). U QuJ Dfin: Dgi Viit thdng sCc, Nxb. Vftn h6a ThSng tin, Hft N6i, 2007, tr. 124- 125, 125, 23.
(20). Phan Dgi Doftn - Trfin Kim Dinh: Dgi Viit sU ky todn thu vdi sil ngiing kit vdn hoa truyin thing Viet Nam, in trong Ngd Si Liin wM Dgi Viit svC ky todn thu, GS. Phan D ^ Doan chil bi6n, Nxb. Chinh trj Qu& gia. Hft N6i, 1998, tr. 289.
(23). Nguyin HOu Tfim; Triiu vua Li Thdnh TSng odi chinh sdch bdo vi biin ci/cfngphid bdc. in t r o i ^ L e Thanh Tdng (1442-1497) con ngUfi** vd s{l nghiip, Nxb. DHQGHN, Hft N6i, 1997, tr. 270-280.
(24). Nguyen vftn ^$, (Minh sii) chfip:
mm^^Mmm^ititH^X. Phien am: "Hao hftng kift, t u p h y qudc phd binh cUdng t r i i t toa d^i", nghia 1ft; H90 (chi vua L6 Thfinh t6ng) hfing dung ki^t x u i t , t u p h y nudc giftu qufin m^nh, thudng ngang nhiSn Iftm phfich". ifijgM^: m^,
«HW:::-f—, mwm~0%, n a - - S m . (Nh6m Trddng Efinh Ngyc; Minh aii, q.321, Li^t t r u y | n 209, Ngogi qufic nhj; An Nam).
(28). Dgi Viit sit ky todn thil. T.I, sdd, Nguyin Khfinh Toftn: Ldi gidi thi$u, tr.8.
(29). Dgi Viit si ky todn thU, T.I, add, Phan Huy L§: Dgi Viit svC ky todn thii - 7'dc gid - Van bdn - Tdc phim, tr. 11,
(30). T r i n Trong Kim: Vi^t Nam su! liOc, tai ban, Nxb. Vfin h6a Thfing tin, Hft Nfii, 1999, tr. 267.
