Kinh nghidm thvc Ufa
^iec ra quyet dinh
cong nhan su thda thuan cua cac duong su trong vuanlyhon
• THS L£ VAN SUAnghj Tda in giii quylt ly hdn vi sau do ciing khdng cd don nit don xin ly hdn. Cin cii vio hudng dan tgi myc 10 cua Nghj quylt sl 02/2000/NQ- HDTP ngiy 23/12/2000 ciia Hgi dong Tham phan Tda an nhin din tdi cao, hudng dan ip dyng mgt so quy djnh ciia Lugt Hon nhan va gia dinh nim 2000 (Nghj quylt 02/2000/NQ-HDTP): "...Neu ngu&i xin ly hdn khong riit dcm yiu cau xin ly hon thi toa dn lgp biin bdn
hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh. Sau 15 ngdy, ki tie ngdy lgp bien bdn. niu vp hodc chong hoac cd hai vp chong khong CO Sif thay doi y kien cung nhu viin kiim sdt khong phdn doi thi toa dn ra quyet djnh cong nhgn hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh" thi vi^c TAND huypn C ban hanh Quyet djnh cdng nhin sg thda thugn cua cac duong sy vdi ndi dung cdng n h ^ hda giii doin ty thinh li phu hgp.
Quan diim thU hai: Tgi phien hda giii lin thii hai, Tda an da lap bidn bin hda giii doin tu thinh, sau do ducmg sy khdng rut dan ly hdn, tuy nguySn don khdng rut don xin ly hon, nhung ve bin chit ciing cd thi coi ket qui hda giii doin ty thinh da the h i ^ y chi ciia ngi^en dan khong mudn ly hdn niia, nen ddng nghia vdi vipc Ii riit don yeu cau ly hdn, do vgy, trong trudng hgp niy, TAND huypn C can ap dyng quy
LUAT s u VI^T HAH I s f l 91 T H A N G 9 - 2 0 1 S
I
dinh tgi diem c, diem d khoan 1 D i l u 192 B g l a t Td tung d i n su (BLTTDS) J B 2004 (sira ddi, bd sung n i m 2 0 l ) de ra Quyet djnh dinh chi g i i i ^ w e t vy an dan sy,
Quan diim thii ba: Viec giii quyet vu a n J y hdn vdi c i c tinh tiet neu t r e n , ^ ^ ^ B huyen C chi co the i p dyng diem p khoan 1 Dieu 192 BLTTDS ^ ^ f c u y I t djnh dinh chi giii quylt v u H la mdi chinh xic,
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H h i e n hda giii lan hai cho thiy, c i c ^ c m g su da dat dugc sy thda t h u i n , ma theo dd, chi B khdng xin lyjidn niia. Ket q u i dd khdng d d n g ^ f t i a vdi viec chi B cd yeu ciu nit don Iy hdn hoac nop cho Tda i n v i n b i n yeu c i u nit dcm yeu cau giai quyet ly hdn, nghTa la thda thugn tuy d g t w g c nhung tren thyc te ehj B c h u a | a n tu bd y dinh xin ly hdn, nSn ehj B da khdng nit don khdi kipr^xinB hdn Viec chi B tuy hdi kien xin ly hdn, nhung Tda a n B p bien ban hda giai doan ty thinh, dieu nay h o i n t o i n hgp ly k h d n g ^ gi m i u thuan, Bdi ehj B rauon^Hh cho anh A mdt c o hgi cudi c i i n g l e giir lay hanh phuc gia dinh, neu l u sau phien hoa giai anh A nhan H y ldi l i m do minh gay ra, nhiing^sdng gid" de dpa su dd vd h d n ^ H giiia hai ngudi ma ty nguypn sira chiia, doan tuyet vdi Wguac lai, neu n h u I tuc pham phai sai bhj B se yeu cau Tda EC chi xin ly hdn vdi
• h a c chan. NghTa l i , vipc ehj B tgm thdi dimg thuc hien q u y l t tam ! y ^ n anh A la cd diiu kifn kem theo. Nen neu cho rang, mgt khi T o a B i lgp biin ban hoa gidi dodn tg ^^nh, nhirng sau do, duang sir^^M? nit dan xin ly hon thi ciing dupccot nhu viic nguyen dan rutyiu^Mi .xin ly hon (rut dan
khai kien), dii nguyen dcm khdng nil don kh&i kien nhimg lai l&i khai ciia minh tai phien hoa gidi cung thi hien y chi cua nguyen dcm ve viic riit yeu cdu xin ly hon, hodc thi hien ro y chi khong muon ly hon niia vd CO the xem do Id viic rut dan kh&i kiin, dieu n i y rd l i su ap dat chii quan, h o i n t o i n thieu tinh thuyet phuc va trai vdi hudng dan ciia Nghi quylt 02/2000/NQ-HDTP:
"a) Khi mpt ben vp hodc citong yeu cdu ly hon thi toa dn phdi tiin hdnh hoa gidi. Neu hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh md ngie&i yeu cdu xin iy hon rdt dan yiu cdu xin ly hdn thi tda dn dp dung diem 2 Diiu 46 Phdp iinh Thif luc gidi quyet cdc vu dn ddn su ra quyet dinh dinh chi viec gidi quyet vu dn.
Neu ngu&i xin ly hon khong rut dffn yeu cdu xin ly Hon thi toa dn lap bien bdn hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh. Sau 15 ngdy, ke lu ngdy lap bien bdn, niu va hodc chong hoac cd hai vp chong khdng co sie thay dot y kiin cUng nhu vien kiim sdt khong phdn doi thi toa dn ra quyet dinh cong nhdn hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh. Quyel dinh cong nhdn hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh co hiiu luc phdp lugt ngay vd cdc duang su khong co quyen khdng cdo. viin kiim sdt khong CO quyin khdng nghi iheo trinh tie phiic thdm.
b) Trong trudng hap hoa gidi dodn tu khong thdnh ihi toa dn lgp biin bdn hoa gidi dodn tu khong thdnh, dong ih&i tiin hdnh m&
phien toa xet xir vu dn ly hon theo thii tuc chung.
Theo hudng dan neu tren, khi mpt ben vg hoac chdng yeu cau ly hdn thi tda an p h i i tien hinh hda giai, neu hoa giii d o i n ty thinh co
t h i cd 02 trucmg hgp x i y ra nhu sau:
Tda i n hda giii doan ty thanh va ngucri xin ly hdn n'u dan yeu cau xin ly hdn; Tda an hda g i i i doan hi t h i n h v i ngudi xin Iy hdn khong rut dan yeu c i u xm ly hdn. Nghi quyet 02/2000'NQ-HDTP cung cd hudng dan each giai quyet cho mdi trudng hgp tren theo trinh ty, thii Uic phip ly do tda i n tien hanh ciing khic nhau, do do, khdng the gop ca hai trudng hop tren thinh mdt nhu quan diem thir hai, ma can phai phan djnh rd r i n g n h u hudng d i n tai diem a muc 10 Nghi q u y l t 02/2000/NQ- HDTP la phu hgp vdi thyc tien giii quyet an loai nay, Tinh c h i t cua trudng hgp ngudi yeu c i u xin ly hdn nit dcm yeu c i u ly hdn khac vdi tinh c h i t ciia tnrdng hcrp nguyen dan khdng nit don yeu cau xin ly hdn, vi viy, neu van dung diem c k h o i n 1 D i l u 192 BLTTDS, TAND huyen C ban hanh Quyet dinh dinh chi vu an d i n su theo quan diem thir hai l i su gugng ep, khdng phii hgp thuc te khach quan v i thieu cdng bang, vi d i l m c khoan 1 D i l u 192 BLTTDS cd quy djnh rd: "Nguai kh&i kiin rut dan kh&i kien vd duac toa dn chdp nhdn hodc ngu&i kh&i kien khong co quyin khai kien". N h u viy, dieu kien tien quyet de i p dung quy dinh tai diem c k h o i n 1 Dieu 192 BLTTDS do la, ngudi khdi kien phai nit dcm khdi kien, viec yeu cau riit dcm khdi kien ciia nguyen dan p h i i dugc the hien b i n g van ban.
Ddi chieu vdi trudng hgp xin ly hdn cua chi B, nguyen d a n khdng nit don khdi kien xin ly hdn, thi lam sao cd the i p dung quy dinh tren dugc.
Cdn diem d khoan I D i l u 192 BLTTDS quy djnh: "Cdcduangsu dd lu thda thugn vd kliong yiu cdu toa dn tiep luc gidi qtiyi-l vu dn ". D I ap dung quy djnh nay lain co sd ban hanh quyet dinh dinh chi giai quylt
ISfl9lTHANG 9-2015
vu i n dan sy phai thda man 02 dieu kien sau: Diiu kiin cdn l i c i c ducmg su da dat dugc su tu thda thuin vdi nhau xoay quanh ndi dung vu kien. Dieu kien du l i cac ben khdng yeu cau tda i n tiep tyc giai quyet vu i n nira, can luu y tir
"khong" dugc diing trong ve thir hai ciia quy dinh tren la su khang dinh rhkr r-hk^^ m^ " ' ' ' " _ ^ ^^^ ' ' ^ " °^
khdng dua ngi dung vy kipn dd nhd tda i n giii quyet nira. Doi chidu vdi dien biln phiSn hda giii lin thii hai tgi TAND huypn C c6 thi thiy, ehj B chi chap nhgn de nghj cua anh A v i khdng xin ly hdn niia, vdi dilu kipn mpt khi anh A thanh tim nhgn ra iSi lam ciia minh v i trfin thuc t l sau phien hda giii doin ty thinh anh A phii chiing raitih bang hinh ddng cy the cham dirt nhiing sai phara dd, cdn nlu tit c i chi l i nhiing Idi hiia sudng thi ehj B se tiep tyc yeu c i u Tda an giii quylt xin ly hdn anh A.
Nhu vgy, neu dem i p dyng quy djnh dilm d khoin 1 Dilu 192 BLTTDS cho tnrdng hgp ciia anh A v i ehj B thi rd rang khdng pbil hgp.
Trong t l tyng din sy, dinh chi
giai quyet vu an l i mpt trong cac hinh thuc ket thiic boat dgng giii quyet vu i n ciia tda an, ma ndi dung ciia nd dua tren nhirng Iy do va can cir n h i t dinh c h i m dirt mpi hoat ddng nham giii quyet vu kien. Khic vdi tam dinh chi g i i i quyet vu i n d i n su (Dilu 189 BLTTDS), mdt khi tda an ban hanh quyet dinh dinh
d a ^ f thuc hogt dgng giii quylt ciia tda i n ve vy i n din sy dd v i mgt trong nhimg h i u q u i phip ly cua quylt dinh dinh chi giii quylt vu i n dan s g dugc quy djnh tgi Dieu 193 BLTTDS, dd l i , duang s{r khong co quyen kh&i kiin yiu cdu toa dn gidi quyit lgi vu dn ddn su do, neu viic khai kiin vg dn khong co gi khdc v&i vg dn tru&c vi nguyin dan. bi dan vd quan hi phdp lugt co tranh chdp.
Dieu nay hoan toin trai vdi y mudn chii quan ciia chi B, bdi ehj B chua thgt sy tir bd y dinh ly hon anh A, ma su tu thda thuan giua hai ngudi la ca hdi cudi ciing de trinh sy dd v o hanh phiic hdn nhan. Do vgy, mgt khi tda i n quylt djnh dinh chi giii quylt vy an dao su trdn, ching
khic n i o tda an da tude di quyen dugc ly hdn ddi vdi ehj B!
Trong trudng hgp niy, neu TAND huyen C ban hinh Quyet djnh cdng nhin su tiida thuan cua cac duong sy theo quy djnh tgi Dieu 187 BLTTDS cung khdng dn, vi tgi khoin 2 cua D i l u 187 BLTTDS cd quy djnh: "Thdmphdn chira quyet dinh cong nhgn stf thod thugn cda cdc duang su neu cdc durmg sie thod thugn dupc v&i nhau vi viec gi&i quyet toan bp vu dn". Tgi khoin 2 Dieu 21 Nghi quylt s l 05/2012/NQ-HDTP ngiy 03/12/2012 cua Hdi ddng T h i m phin Tda i n nhin dan tdi cao, hudng dan thi hinh mgt sd quy djnh trong Phin thii hai "Thd tyc giai quylt vy i n din su tai tda i n cap s o thim" cua BLTTDS hudng din: "Thdm phdn chi ra quyit dfnh cong nhgn ste thda thugn cua cdc duang str. neu cdc duang su thoa thugn dupc v&i nhau ve viic gidi quyit todn bp vu dn (cdc quan hi phdp lugt, cdc yeu cdu cua cdc duang sif trong vg dn) vd cd vi dn phi". Quy djnh nay dugc hieu, thira phin chi ra quylt djnh cdng nhan s g thda thugn ciia cac duong sy khi v i chi khi c i c duong sy thda thugn dugc vdi nhau v l vipc gidi quyit todn bp vu dn. Doi chieu vdi trudng hgp xin ly hdn anh Aciia ehj B, tgi phien hda giii lin hai ehj B thing nhit thda thugn khdng yeu cau Tda i n giii quylt xin ly hdn n l u nhu nhiing dilu kien ma ehj B dua ra m i anh A dap iing dugc, sy c h i p nhin cua anh A v l c i c dieu kipn do da lira tript tieu mgi nguySn nhan thiic d i y ehj B ngp dcm khdi kien xin ly hdn. Cdn c i c yeu cau khac cua chi B the hipn trong don xin !y hdn, nhu: giao 02 con chung cho chi nudi dudng, khdng yeu c i u Tda an giii quyet chia tai s i n chimg ciia hai ngudi v i nghia vy anh A phii
^m
IUAT SUVI$T NAM I sfl 91 THANG 9-2015
»
ddng gdp nudi con chung, van cdn nguyen vpn mi qui trinh hda giii hai ben chua he bin den va thyc tl khi tien hanh hda giii Tda in khdng de cgp den cic yeu ciu tren cua chi B trong phien hda giii, vi myc dich ciia hda giai la hudng den vipc doin ty giiia hai ngudi vi tren thyc te myc dich dd da dgt dugc thi khdng ly do gi Tda in lgi dd nghj hai ngudi tiep tuc thda thuin viec ai se nudi con, ai phai thyc hipn nghia vy cap dudng nudi con,... Tdm Iai, de dgt dugc su thda thuin giiia ehj B vdi anh A li cd dieu kien vi su thda thuin dd se bj phi vd neu nhu anh A khdng thuc hipn dung nhiing dieu kipn mi ehj B dat ra, dieu niy ddng nghia vdi vipc thda thuan tuy cd xiy ra nhung thda thuan dd khdng giii quyet dugc toin bg vy in.
Chung tdi ddng tinh vdi quan diem thii nhit, vi nlu trong thdi gian doin ty, cic duong sy lgi phit sinh miu thuan do anh A da khdng thyc hipn diing, diy dii "cam kit" ciia rainh tgi phien hda giai thi hg dugc quyen ndp don khdi kipn xin ly hdn, theo tmh thin hudng din tgi khoin 7 Dilu 8 Nghi quylt 05/2012/NQ- HDTP,cuthe: "...Truang hap toa dn tiin hdnh hoa gidi dodn tu thdnh theo quy djnh tai Diiu 88 cda Lugt Hon nhdn vd gia dinh vd da ra quyit dfnh cong nhgn su Ihoa thudn ve viic hoa gidi dodn (y thdnh giiia cdc duang sif. Trong th&i gian dodn tu, cdc duang su lgi phdt sinh mdu thudn vd co dcm xin ly hon yiu cau toa dn gidi quyit. thi toa dn cdn cu vdo Diiu 85 cua Ludt Hon nhdn vd gia dinh di thu ly, gidi quyit theo thu tuc chung".
Diy li thyc tl mi cd le BLTTDS hipn hinh chua cd quy djnh dilu chinh cu the cho phd hgp, do vgy, co quan nhi nude cd tham quy€n sdm
nghien cdu, xem xet quy dinh hudng din bd sung cho trudng hgp ly hdn theo yeu ciu ciia mpt ben, theo quy djnh tai Dieu 56 Luit Hdn nhin vi gia ^nh nam 2014; "Khiva hoac chongyiu cdu ly hon nid hoa gidi tgi toa dn khong ihdnh thi Ida dn gidi quyit cho ly hon neu co cdn cir vi viic va, chong cd hdnh vi bao luc gia dinh hodc vi pham nghiim trpng quyin, nghia vu ciia va, chong ldm cho hon nhdn ldm vdo tinh trgng trdm trong. d&i song chung khong thi keo ddi, muc dich ciia hon nhdn khong dat duac ". Vdi trudng hgp hda giii doan Ui thinh (trudng hgp cua anh A va ehj B), tuy phap lugt hipn hinh ve hdn nhan vi gia dinh chua de cap den, nhung nhu tren phan tich, neu toa in ban hanh quyet djnh cdng nhin su thda thuin cua cic duong su theo quy dinli tai Dilu 187 BLTTDS thi lai thieu chinh xac, cdn neu ban hanh quyet djnh cdng nhan hoa giai doan tu thinh theo nhu hudng dan tai muc 10 Nghj quylt 02/2000/NQ-HDTP lai khdng phii hgp, vi Nghi quyet 02/2000/NQ-HDTP hirdng dan ap dung mdt sd quy dinh ciia Luat Hdn nhan vi gia dmh nam 2000, ma hien tgi Luat Hdn nhin vi gia dinh nam 2000 di het hieu luc dugc thay thi bdi Lugt Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2014 cd hipu luc thi hanh tir ngay 01/01/2015. Tir thuc tiln ip dyng, vdi trudng hcrp ly hdn theo yeu ciu cua mgt ben, giii quyet theo hudng dan tgi muc 10 Nghj quyet 02/2000/NQ-HDTP li phu hgp, do viy, rat cin sy kjp thdi ban hinh hudng din cua co quan nhi nude cd tham quyen ve van de viia neu.
Phip luit t l tung dan sy hipn hinh khdng quy djnh vi hudng dan cy the ddi vdi trudng hgp tgi phidn hda giii in ly hdn, cic ducmg sy thda thuin vdi nhau ve vipc doan tu
thi tda an lap bien ban hda gii doan tu thinh va ra quylt djnh conf nhin sy thda thuan ctia cic duonf su, ma chi cd hudng din ddi vd trudng hgp cac duong su ty nguypr ly hdn va thda thuan dugc vdi nhai ve viec giii quyet toan bd vu dilu nay dugc chung minh thdng qua Dilu 20 ctia Nghi quylt 05/2012/NQ-HDTP. mi theo do, viec lip bien bin hoa giii quy djnh tai Dilu 186 BLTTDS, dugc hudng dan nhu sau,
"7. Thu ky Ida dn ghi biin ban hoa gidi co day dii noi dung quy dinh tai khodn I Diiu 186, co day du chu ky hodc diem chi cua nhung ngu&i quy dinh tai khodn 2 Diiu 186 cda BLTTDS vd theo Mau so 07 ban hdnh kem theo Nghf quyit ndy
2. Khi cdc duang su thoa thugn duac vai nhau ve vdn di phdi gidi quyit trong vu dn, thi thdm phdi hodc ihu k)' toa dn lap bien bdn hoc gidi thdnh. Biin bdn hoa gidi thdnh phdi ghi cu thi npi dung thoa thugri ciia cdc ducmg sir theo Mdu so 08a han hdnh kem theo Nghi quyel ndy.
Nhu viy, trong tnrdng hgp ciia anh A vi chi B, khi lap bien ban hda I giii doan Ui thinh, thu ky tda an.
khdng the sir dung Miu 08a ban hinh kem theo Nghi quylt 05/2012/NQ-HDTP vi bidn bin niy chi danh cho tnrdng hgp hda giii thinh khi hai hen dgt dugc sy thda thuin gidi quyet todn Ap vy an. Do vay, de phan inh diing thyc tl khich quan, bien bin hda giii doan ty thinh ma khdng thugc trudng hgp hai hen dgt dugc sy thda thugn giii quylt toin bd vy in phii thi hi^n thi nio cho diing vdi quy djnh cua phip luit, diy li van dl rit cin dugc hudng dan kjp thdi •
LUAT s u V1$T MAM I sfl 91 THANG 9-2015
