KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
OAIVH GIA VA DE X U A T GIAI P H A P HO TRO DAT O, DAT SAIV XUAT CHO DOIVG DAO DAIXI TOC THIEU SO
VUIXIG DIEIV GIOI TilVH CAO D A I V G
Nguyin Dac Hau', Nguyin Thi Vong^, Nguyin Quang Huy^
T6MTAT
Tinh Cao Bang co duong bien gidi Viet - Trung dai 333 km, 9 huyen bien gioi c6 46 xa. 4.633 hd voi 23.715 khau. Kit qua cho thay cac xa bien gidi 72% ddng bao dan toe thilu sd (DTTS) co phong tuc, tap quan (PTTQ) trong vi^c su dung dat; 64,44% y kien cho rang phap luat dat dai can phai thira nhan mot so FTTQ.
Nguyen nhan nguoi dan khong cd dat o. dat san xuat: do chia tach hp dan, do ngheo doi, tang dan so tu nhien, thu hoi dat dl trien khai cac chuong trinh, du an phuc vu phat tnen kmh te - xa hoi... Chinh sach hd tra ddt b, dat san xuat dugc ngudi dan danh gia cd 70.33% tdt hon. 17.22% binh Ihuung; van de ho tra dat a, dat san xuat chua hi^u qua do thieu quy dat 53.67% y kien; thieu nguon tai chinh 36,00% y kien; chi dao, to chijc thuc hien chua sau sat 10,33% y kiln. Dat a 35,33% y kiln khong phii hgp. do dien tich dat qua hep va vi tri khong phii hop. Dat trong liia 70.06% y kiln duoc cho phii hop. Dat nuong ray 25.89% y kiln cho la khong phu hop do diSn tich dat nhd, qua xa vi tri d va chat luong dat kem. Dat trong rimg va dat khai hoang. phuc hda. ty le danh gia khdng phii hop cao ban so vdi da phii hop roi. Cac ho gia dinh duox: hd trg bang ca hai hinh thirc h6 tra tien hay dat b, dat san xuat. Giai phap: tiep tuc hoan thien ve phap luat dat dai;
dao tao nghi. chuyen doi nghi. tao quy dat.
Tii khda: Hd tro dit &, dat san xuat, dan tdc thieu sd, bien giai tinb Cao Bing.
I.DATVANDE
Tinh Cao Bang co dudng biln gidi Vilt - Trung dai 333 km, ciing nhieu cita khau va cac loi md'. cd lgi thi canh tranh thuang mai, du lich va van chuyen hang hoa vdi Trung Quoc va quoc t l . cd cac di tich lich sir van hoa. each mang cd gia tri, khi hau 6n hoa thich hgp cho nghi ngoi, du lich, c6 ngu6n tai nguyen thien nhiln gia tri cao, d l phat trien cdng nghiep, co quy ddt thich hgp phat tnen n6ng lam nghiep, n6ng nghiep sach. Hien tai 9 huySn bien gidi cua tinh Cao Bdng cd 46 xa, trong dd cd 171 xdm cd dan, 20 xom khdng cd dan, 4.633 hd gia dinh vdi 23.715 khau. Trong giai doan hiln nay Cao Bang phai dam hao hai hda cac nhu cdu dat dai, trong dd cd ddt 6 va dat san xuat d l vira dam hao an nmh luang thuc, dn dinh ddi sdng cua da sd dan thuan ndng trong vimg bien gioi, ddng thdi khai thac va phat huy tiem nang gia tri tu nhiln kit hgp vdi vile bao tdn va phat huy gm tri van hoa tiruyin thing, timg buoc chuyen dich co cau kmh tl tir thudn ndng sang kinh te hang hda. phat ti-ien dich vu nong thdn.
NCS Hoc vien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam ' Hoi Khoa hoc Bkt Vici Nam
"' Hoc vien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam
Email: [email protected]; nguyendachaulS'cema gov vn
Tuy nhien, do thieu nguon nhan luc. ngudn luc tai chinh, ca so- ha tang ky thuat, van hda xa hgi yeu kem nen chtra phat huy dugc cac tiem nang, ddi sdng, thu nhap cua ngudi dan cdn rdt nhilu khd khan. Dac biet la viec giai quyet, dap tmg vl nhu cdu ddt a va dat san xudt ciia ddng bao thieu sd vung biln gidi tinh Cao Bang cdn nhilu khd khan. Thu tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quylt dinh vl chinh sdch ho tra ddt 6, ddt san xuat ndng nghiep, nuoc sinh hoat cho hd ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd ngheo va hd ngheo o xa, ttidn, ban dac biet khd khan (QD sd 755/QD- TTg, ngay 20/5/2013). Be gop phdn giai quylt vdn de trin viec nghien cuu "Dinh gia va di xuit giai phip ho ha dat a, da't sin xuit cho dong bao dan tdc thieu sd vung biin gidi tinh Cao Binf da duoc thuc hien.
Z. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
2.1. Phuang phdp thu thdp tdi h|u, sd h|u thu cdp
Thu thap tai heu. sd heu hr cdc Sd', Ban. nganh cd liln quan tai tinh Cao Bang va cac phdng, ban tai 9 huyen dia ban nghien cuu; cac thu vien, cdc ti-ung tam nghien cuu 6' Trung uong vd dia phuong ve: hien trang sir dung dat, danh gid. phan loai dat ciia cac hg gia dinh. ca nhan: thuc ti-ang quan ly, sir dung ddt a.
dat san xuat. nguyen nhan khdng cd dat. thieu dat a.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2020 149
ddt sdn xudt cua ddng bdo DTTS; thuc ti-ang thuc hien chinh sach hd tro ddt a, ddt san xudt ciia dong bdo DTTS tai co quan Trung uong va dai dien ca quan dia phuong.
2.2. Phuong phdp tiiu thdp tdi hlu, sd Ulu sa cap Chon cac h6 ti-ong ban dai dien d 46 xa vimg biln gidi ciia 9 huyin. Dilu ti-a phdng van true tiep cac ndng hd theo mdu philu in sdn. Tong sd hd dilu tra la 250 hg, tiieo phuong phap chgn ngdu nhien:
Bdc tham ngdu nhien theo danh sach hd cua xa trong huyen (huyen: Thach An 5 philu/1 xa; Phuc Hda 30 phieu/6 xa; Ha Lang 35 philu/8 xa; Trung Khanh 45 philu/8 xa; Tra Unh 30 philu/5 xa; Ha Quang 40 phieu/9 xa; Thdng Ndng 20 phieu/3 xa;
Bao Lac 35 phieu/5 xa va Bao Lam 10 phieu/01 xa).
Viec thu thap, xu ly sd lieu tir nhilu ngudn se tao Bang 1. Thyc trgng vd nguyin nhdn thilu
dilu kien d l phdn tich, ddnh gid day du. khach qu^n thuc ti-ang thuc hien chmh sdch hd ti-a dat b, dat san xuat cho ddng bao DTTS.
2.3. Phuong phdp thdng ke, tdng hgp, phdn hch, so sdnh va xii ly s^ hlu
Cac so lieu sau khi tiiu tiiap, dieu tin dugc tiln hanh tiidng ke, tdng hgp (flieo ngi dung nghien ciru), phan tich, so sanh (giua chinh sach va tiiuc tiln; giiia muc tieu voi kit qua thuc hien). Xir ly sd Heu bang phan mem Microsoft Excel tir dd c6 nhirng nhan dmh xde thuc vl tiiuc trang hd trg dat a, dat san xudt cho ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd vimg bien gioi tinh Cao Bang.
3. XET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Thuc trgng vd nguyin nhan thilu dat a, dat san xuat cua dong bdo DTPS
dat a, ddt san xuat cua ddng bdo DTTS
DVT:%
STT 1
Ndi dung
Kit qud thiy: hi$n chinh sdch hd trg vl ddt b, ddt san xuat cua ddng bdo DTTS Dat san xuat dam bao chat lugng, cay, cho nang sudt,
san luong Dugc hd trg ddt dem ban
hoac cam cd lay tien
Duoc hd Ua dat, ddi sdng ciia ddng bao dugc cai thien
Dat d-phii hgp voi phong tuc, tap quan It xay Khong
Binh thudng Khdng thay ddi
Binh
thudng Xau Khdng
3.11 92,00 70.33 17,22 53,00 I 20.56
Thuc trang nguydn nhdn khdng c6 dat a, ddt sdn xuat cua ddng bdo DTTS Nguyen nhan khong cd dai b, dat san xuat
Ngheo ddi 25.00
TrmJc day cd nhung da
ban 1,78
Chua duoc giao dat, cho thue dat
Dl cutu do, du canh,du
38,33
Chia, tach hd 10,89
Tdc dd tang dan
Thu hdi dat phuc vu cac duan
Thuc trgng nguyfin nhdn thilu ddt a, dat sdn xuat cua ding bdo DTTS
Cac nong, lam trudng bao chiem
dat 0.00
Tra lai ddt cho cac ndng, lam
trudng 0,00
Nguyen nhan thieu dat d. dat san xudt Ngheo
ddi Tnroc day cd dat nhung da
ban 1.78
Chua bao gid duoc giao dat, cho thue dat
4,56
Dl cutu do.
du canh, du Chia, tach hg 9.8!
Tdc do tang ddn
Thu hoi dat phuc vu cdc
duan 11,89 Kit qua bl tri guy ddt g, ddt san xudt cua dong bdo DTTS
Tra lai dat cho cac ndng, lam
trudng 0,00 Quy boach sir dung dat bd tn quy dat a. ddt san xuat de
hd tra cho ddng bao Khong
Dia phuang cd bo tri dii quy dat de h6 san xudt cho ddng bao theo f o v e d a t a , d
aSLdinh^
JQiong _ 7 2 ^ Ghichu: So hiu trung binb cua 2:>0phiiu diiu tra cho 46 xa biin gidi cua 9 huyin tmh Cao Bing
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Sd hlu a hang 1 cho thdy, cac h6 dan duac h6 trg dat d-, dat san xuat tir chinh sach cua Nhd nude dem ban hoac cam co lay tiln tilu it xay ra va khdng cd chilm 96,89%, nhilu vd thudng xuyin 3,11%. Danh gia sau khi dugc Nha nude hd trg ddt a, ddt san xudt ddi sdng ciia ddng bao cd dugc cai thien vdi 70,33% y kiln can bd quan ly cho rdng ddi sdng cua ddng bao da tdt hon, 17,22% y kien tra loi ddi sdng vdn binh thudng. Cac y kiln cho rang dat d' duac Nha nubc hd ti-g phii hgp vdi phong tuc, tap quan (PTTQ) cita dong bao DTTS. Nhung vdn cdn 29,33% y kiln danh gia cdn chua phii. Cd nhilu nguyin nhdn ddn den viec dong bao DTTS khdng co ddt a, dat san xuat.
Trong dd. cd the thdy nguyen nhdn chii ylu: la do chia tach ho ddn chilm 10,89%, do ngheo doi chiem 25,00%. Ngoai ra do tu do di cu, du canh, du cu (38,33%), do tdc dd tang ddn so qua nhanh (6,11%), do trubc ddy cd dat nhung da ban h i t (1,78%) va do chua duoc Nha nubc giao dat. cho thul dat, do bi thu hdi ddt phuc vu cac du dn (1,89%). Sd lieu o bang 1 cung cho thdy 42,0% y kiln khi dugc hoi cho bilt quy hoach su dung ddt ciia dia phirong cd bo tri quy ddt b, dat san xuat de h6 trg cho ddng bao DTTS. Tuy nhien cung cd y kiln cho rdng quy hoach su dung ddt khdng bo tri quy ddt b, ddt san xudt de hd trg cho ngudl dan cting chilm ty le kha cao, vdi 58,0% y kiln.
Cac can bg quan ly dat dai d' dia ban 9 huyin dieu tra danh gia 72.0% y kiln cho rdng dia phuong khdng du quy ddt d l hd trg vl ddt 6' dat san xudt cho dong bao.
Dilu ndy phan anh thuc trang thilu quy ddt a, ddt san xuat ddnh cho viec hd trg b cac dia phuang.
3.2. Ddnh gid hiiu qua hoat ddng h i trg ddt o, dat skn xudt cua cdc hg gia dinh, cd nhdn
3.2.1. Thuc hang hd ha dat d, dat sin xuat cho ddng bao DTTS
Co 42% y kiln cho rdng cd duoc tuyen truyen.
phd bien chinh sach cua Nha nuoc vl hd trg dat b, ddt san xuat, co 58% khdng dugc tuyIn truyin, phd biln. Tra Idi cdu hdi "Khi thuc hien chinh sach h6 tro cua Nha nud'c cho ddng bao DTTS v l ddt b, dat san xudt cd thay vuong mdc gi khdng?" 79,56% y kiln tra loi la CO vudng mdc. Trong do, nguyen nhan do chinh sach ciia Nha nuoc chilm 20,67%, do to chuc thuc hiln chilm 57,89% va do chinh dong bao DTTS la 21,44%. Chinh sdch hd tra cua Nha nude cho ddng bao DTTS ve dat 6', ddt san xudt cdn chua hiiu qua boi nhilu ly do, trong do thilu quy ddt d l ho tra cho dong bao chilm 53,67%; thieu ngudn tdi chinh chilm
36,00%; cdng tdc chi dao. td chuc thuc hien d dia phuong chua sdu sat chilm 10,33%. Miic hd tro vl dien tich ddt 6, ddt san xudt va hd trovk tai chinh cho ddng bao dan toe thilu so tir chinh sach cua Nha nuoc phan ldn dugc cho la phu hop (62,11%), cdn thay doi d l ddp ung dugc nhu cdu cua ddng bdo, khdng phii hgp (20,67%).
3.2.2. Dinh gii biiu qua hoat ddng hd ha dit a, dit sin xuit cua cac ho gia dinh, ci nhan
Ddi vdi ddt o', 35,33% y kiln ngudi ddn cho rdng, dat d' duac hd trg khdng phu hop. Nguyin nhan chinh do dien tich ddt qua hep va vi tri khdng phu hgp. Dot vdi ddt trdng lua, y kiln ngudi dan cho rdng dat ti-dng lua phu hgp chi chiem 70.06% (Bang 2). Su khdng phu hgp xudt phat nhilu hon ca la tiJ dien tich dat trdng lua cdn nho, khdng du d l cai thien ddi song. Ddi vdi ddt nuong ray cd 25.89% y kiln chi ra ddt nuong ray khdng phu hgp voi nhu cau ciia nguoi dan, do ca ba nguyen nhan diln tich ddt nhd, qua xa vi tri b va chdt lugng ddt kem. Tuong tir nhu vay, ddi vdi ddt trdng rimg va ddt khai hoang, phuc hda tir ddt chua su dung, ty ll cac hg gia dinh cho la khong phu hgp ludn cao han sd y kien cho rang nhu vay da phii hop rdi. Dilu nay xuat phat tir viec hdu hit khu vuc dong bao DTTS cu tni la mien nui.
Cac hd gia dinh duoc ho trg ddt o bang ca hai hinh thuc hd trg tiln hay dat o, ddt san xudt; trong dd sd gia dinh duoc hd trg bang ddt la 71,67%, cdn lai la hd tro bang tiln. Sd tiln cac hg ddng bao DTTS d'cac dia phuong nay diing de mua ddt 6 thudng la 10 trieu ddng, hoac muc tren 10 trieu ddng (100%). Vdi dac dilm cua ddt san xudt thudng cdn nhilu diln tich hon dat b, mtrc h6 tra tiln d l mua ddt san xuat cting d* muc 20 trilu ddng hoac 20 trieu ddng tro len. Gia dinh dugc hd tro bang ddt co 70,22% va bdng tiln la 29,78%. Dat hd tia tir chinh sach ciia Nha ntrdc cho gia dinh dugc Idy tir nhilu ngudn khac nhau. Trong dd, tir dat khai hoang, ddt trdng, ddi nui trpc, dat chua su dung chilm 89,94%, tir chuyen nhugng quyIn su dung ddt vdi nhau chiem 10,56%. Hinh thuc hd trg ddt a, dat san xuat true tiep, chilm 90,78%. khdng true tiep chiem 9.22%. Hinh thuc hd tra dat cr, dat san xudt ciia Nhd nuoc cho gia dinh bao dam cdng khai. cdng bang chilm 76.44%. chua cdng khai, cdng bang chiem 23,56%. Khi duac hdi "Chinh sach hd tro ddt a, dat san xudt cua Nhd nude cho gia dinh co phii hop vdi phong tuc tap quan. ban sdc van hda cua dan tdc mmh hay khdng?", cd 70,67% y kien danh gid phu NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2020 151
h g p vd 29,33% c h o r a n g c h u a phii h o p (cac y kien c h o r d n g , d i e n tich d d t d u g c h d Q-g k h d n g dii d l d u y t r i c a c P T T Q m a n g tinh c g n g d d n g cao, cdc h o a t d d n g t a p t h e k h a c . )
D a cd 66,11% y k i l n noi r d n g chinh sach h d ti-a d a t d', ddt s a n x u d t c u a N h a n u d e cho gia dinh cd p h u h g p vdi d i l u k i l n t h u c tiln ciia dia p h u a n g . M d t s o y k i l n d u a r a q u a n d i l m k h d n g phii h g p la do n h i l u n g u y e n n h d n n h u dien tich c o n nhd, k h d n g d u q u y d a t d l h d ti-g... 85,88% y k i l n c h o rdng chinh sach h d
cai thidn d u o c d d i s d n g , g d p p h a n x ^ a ddi, gi n g h i o , 14,12% c h o r d n g c h u a giiip cdi t h i e n d u g c ddi s d n g c h o g i a d i n h h o ; 76,22% y k i l n k h d n g dinh c o d u g c t u y e n t r u y i n h o a c d u o c b i l t v l c h m h sdch h o tirg ddt 6-, d a t s a n x u d t c u a N h d n u o c c h o d d n g b a o D T T S n g h e o , d a i s d n g k h o k h a n . T u y n h i l n , ty le c h o r a n g k h d n g d u g c b i e t , d u g c tiiyen tinyln v d n c d n . C h i n h s a c h h d t r g ddt a, ddt s a n x u d t c u a N h a n u d e c h o d d n g b d o D T T S n g h e o , d o i s o n g k h d k h a n d u g c 100,00% y k i l n d a n h g i a toL
t r a ddt d', d a t s a n x u d t ciia N h d n u d e cho gia dinh cd
B d n g 2. D d n h gid h i i u q u a h o a t dOng h i ti-g d a t a, d a t s a n x u d t c h o c d c hO g i a d i n h , cd n h d n
STT 1
Noi dung K i t qua phan logi ddt dugc h 6 tiy to Nhd nude cho cdc h p gia dinh, cd nhan
Dat trdng liia Dat nuong ray Dat trdng rimg Dat khai hoang, phuc hoa tir dat chua s u dung Phil hgp Khong phii
hop Phil hop
phii hgp Phil hop Khdng phii hop
Phu Khong
hop phii hop Phil hgp Khong phii hop
64.67 29,94 25,89 60,44 70,89 29,11
K i t qud phan logi ddt dugc h5 trg tiJ NhA nude cho cdc hp gia dinh. cd nhan Gia dinh thupc ddi tugng
dirge h6 tra dat ir. ddt san xuat
Gia dinh dirge h6 tra dat cr
Miic hd trg bang tien cho ho gia dinh de mua dat d
(trieu ddng)
Mirc hd t r a bdng tiln cho hg gia dinh de
mua dat san xuat (tneu ddng)
Gia dinh dugc hb t r g dat san xuat
Khong Bdng 8.0 10.0 Tren
10.0 10,0 20.0 T r e n 20,0
Bdng ddt
79.00 0.00 28,89 171,111 70,22
itilpL-
Hinh thitc hd trg dat b. dat san xuat bao dam cong khai, cong
bdng Dat hd tra dirge Idy tir
Ddt thu hoi theo quy hoach
Dat dieu chinh
giao khoan trong cac
NLT 0,00
Dat thu h6i tir cac NLT
Dat chira sir dung
Dieu chinh tir
cacho gia dinh.
tang, cho dat
T u nguyen chuyen nhuong QSDD voi nhau
Hinh thuc hd tro dat o', ddt san xuat true
tiep
Khong
Chinh sach hd Ug dat phii hgp vdi phong tuc tap
quan, ban sdc van hda
Khong
Phil hop vol dilu kien thirc te dia phuong
) I 0.00 I 89.44 I 0.00 | 10,56 I 90.78 1 9,22 | 76,44 | 2 3 ^ 5 6 j j ? r Bdnh gia miic dd phii hgp ciia chinh sach h 5 t r g ddt a. ddt sdn xudt cho dong^banTi Pii kien fhirr Ciii (hipn A^T^^ it™ CAIKT vna nii'in drino- han tnam hat klin l i , „ ^
Phil hop
55.56 Khong phi] hop
Rat Phil h « J
Phil hop
66.11 Khong phii hop
Ciu thien duoc diji song, xoa doi. giam ngheo
Tot len Binh thuong
12,44 Khong thay doi
Giup dong bao giam hot kho khan ve din song
100.0 Khong
0.00
t M o D T T S
ll*n sonjT i^ho khan bi giam - ' " 3 ' a ' i u j o n h i m g nhan til
I Qua Nguyen nhan ' ' ' ' " " ' ' tnnh to do khong 1 sach cua
Mia nuoc 0.00
chiic thuc _ hi, „
Do dong
bao D T K 1
21.44
J 0 j ! 0 _ _ _ Ghi chu-.'<0 lieu trung binh cu.i 250 phieu diiu tra cho 46 xa biin gidi ciia 9 huyen anh c ao Bing
. \ 7 . T nong liim truong: Q.^'Dfl quyen sudung dit
-4
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3.3. Giai phdp hodn thi$n chiiih sdch h6 tro ddt b, ddt san XU& cho ngudi d6ng bao DTTS cua cac hO gia dinh, cd nhdn
- Giai phap tilp tiic hoan thien vl phap luat ddt dai, cd 64,44% y kiln tra Idi nIn thira nhan mdt so phong tuc, tap quan cua ddng bdo trong vilc su dung ddt. 35,56% y kiln cho rang khdng can phai thira nhan, do la nhirng phong tuc cu cua cha dng de lai can thay doi de phu hop vdi dilu kiln hiln nay. VI giao ddt lan 2 cho nhung hg gia dinh da duoe hd trg ddt a, dat san xudt tir chinh sach cua Nha nuac va tang muc hd trg bang tiln d l tao quy dat dong bao DTTS, hdu hit ngudi dan diu tra loi la co, voi ty le 62,56-87,56%. Quy dinh ddi vdi dat san xudt, dat a cua cac hg gia dinh, ca nhan ding bao DTTS chi diroc phep thuc hiln chuyin quyIn su dung ddt trong ndi bp cua dong bao DTTS, cd 74,67% y kiln ddng y; cd 25,33% y kiln cho rdng khong nIn quy dinh nhu vay.
- Giai phap 'Tilp tuc thuc hien chinh sach tao quy dat de hd trg cho ddng bao" dugc lua chgn nhilu nhdt voi 30,56% y kiln, xuat phat tij vai ti-6 quan trgng ciia cac chinh sach tao quy ddt de chuyen dot cho ddng bao. Chuyen doi ca cdu sir dung ddt, ca cau lao ddng khu vuc dong bao DTTS dat 18,0% y kiln. Dao Bang 3. Giai p h ^ hodn thiin chinh sdch ho tro dit b, ddt
gia dinh.
tao nghi, chuyin doi nghi va bd tri nghi cho ddng bao DTTS la 12,88% y kiln. Ben canh dd, cac giai phdp nang cao vai trd ciia Nha nuoc rat quan trong d l dilu tilt quy ddt dai cho ddng bao DTTS cung dugc khang dinh la mdt trong nhiing giai phap quan trgng vdi 34,89% y kiln. Trung mua ddt san xual, dat d' doi vdi cdc hd su dung ddt vugt han miic la 3,67% y kiln.
- Giai phap giai phdp ho tro dat a, ddt san xudt cho ddng bdo: Cho ddng bao DTTS khdng cd dat va tiiieu ddt san xuat, dat d- (36,33%); sau dd giai quylt cho ddng bao DTTS khong cd dat va thilu ddt san xuat, ddt d- tai cho (31,89%). 31,78% y kiln cho rdng chi giai quyet, hd ti-g cho cac hd ddng bao DTTS ngheo, khd khan. Phdn ldn y kiln cua can bg quan ly dat dai cdc cdp cho rang chinh sach giai quyet ddt o, dat san xudt cho ddng bao DTTS cd y nghia quan trgng, chilm ty ll 75,78%. Can giai quylt ddi vdi ddng bdo DTTS khdng cd dat va thilu dat san xudt, dat d' tir cac dia phuang khdng c6n quy dat d l bd tri sang cac dia phuong con quy dat de bd tri, cac y kiln tham gia phdng vdn cd ca hai y kiln nen va khdng nen, vdi sd y kiln tuong duang duong nhau (52,78 y kiln cd va 47,22% y kiln khdng).
san xuat cho ngudi ddng bdo ddn tOc thilu sd ciia cdc hO cdnhdn
STT 1
2
3
Ndi dung
Y kiln g6p phdn hodn thiin chinh sach ddi vdi don Phap luat ddt dai thira nhan mdt
sd phong tuc, tap quan cua ddng bao trong vilc sir' dung dat
Cd 64,44
Khdng 35.56
Giao ddt ldn 2 cho nhirng ho gia dinh da dugc hd trg ddt a, ddt san xudt tir chinh sdch cua Nha
nude Cd 62,56
Khdng 37,44
g bdo DTTS
Tang mice h6 trg bang tiln dl tao quy dat Cd 87,56
Khdng 12,44 Ddnh gid ciia cdc ho ve nhOng vdn d l liln auan din loi ich dong bdo DTTS Giao dat ldn 2 cho
nhiing hd gia dinh da dugc h6 tro dat d', dat san xuat tir chinh sach cua Nha nude
Cd
62,56 37,44
Tang mu'c hd tra bang tiln d l tao quy ddt ddng bao DTTS
Cd 87.56
Khdng 12,44
Viec cac hd ddng bao dang nhan khoan tir cac ndng, lam truang nen giao sir dung dn dinh lau ddi theo Ludt Dat dai
Cd ' Khdng 81.67 ' 18,33
Quy dinh doi vdi ddt san xudt, ddt a cua cac hd gia dinh. ca nhdn dugc phep thue hiln chuyen quyIn sir dung dat trong ngi bd cua ddng bao
Cd 74.67
Khdng 25.33 ! Ddnh gid v l giai phdp giai quylt tinh trang khdng dat vd thilu dat ctia ddng bdo DTTS De giai quyet tinh Q-ang kliong cd ddt va tiiieu ddt san xuat. dat a ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS nen thuc '
hien theo cac giai phap ndo sau day NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2020
Tilp tiic thuc hiln chinh sach
tao quy dat de hd ti-o 30.56
Chuyin doi ca cau sir dung dat, ca cau
lao ddng 18,00
Ddo tao nghi, chuyen ddi nghi vd
bd tri nghi 12,88
Vai trd ciia Nha nude rdt quan trgng d l dilu tilt quy
ddt dai 34,89
Trung mua ddt san xudt. dat O'ddi vol cac hd su dung dat virat han nitre
3.67 Quan dilm vd y nghia cua chinh sach ho trg ddt a, dat san xuat cua d6ng bdo DTTS^
Quan dilm gidi quyet ddt b, dkt san xudt cho dong bao DTTS khdng cd dat va thieu ddt nhu the ndo
Y nghia vd tdm quan trgng cua chinh sach giai quylt dat a. dat san xudt cho ddng bdo DTTS
nhu t h i ndo Giai quylt, hd
tro cho cac hd ddng bdo nghIo, khd
khan
Cho ddng bao khdng CO dat va
thilu ddt san xuat, ddt 6
Cho ddng bao khdng cd dat va thilu dat san xudt, ddt b
tai chd
Quan trgng Binh thudng
Khdng quan trgng
31,78 36,33 31.89 13,56 10,66
Y kiln v l giai quylt tmh ti-ang khong ddt vd thilu dat ddi vdi ddng bdo DTTS Quy dinh ddt dang nhan khoan
tir cdc nong, iam truong dugc giao sir dung on dinh Uu dai
theo Luat Ddt dai
Giai quyet doi vdi dong bao khong cd ddt va thilu dat san xuat, ddt 6' tir cac dia phuong khdng cdn quy ddt de bd tri sang cac dia phuang
cdn quy ddt de bd tri
Quy dinh ddi voi ddt san xuat, ddt 6' cua cac ho gia dinh, cd nhan chi duge phep thuc hien chuyen quyen sii dung dat ti-ong ngi bg cua ddng bao
Cd Khdng Co Khdng Co
18,33 47,22 74,67
Kh6ng 25,33 Y kiln v l mpt sd gidi phdp ddi v6i chinh sdch h i ti-g ddt a, ddt san xudt cua ddng bdo DTTS D l giai quylt tinh ti-ang khdng cd ddt va thilu ddt san xudt, dat b ciia DBDTTS nIn thuc hiln theo
cac giai phap nao sau ddy
Tilp tuc thuc hien chinh sdch tao quy d a t d l hd trg cho
ddng bao
30,56
Chuyin doi co cau su dung dat, ca cau lao
ddng khu vuc DBDTTS
18,00
Dao tao nghi, chuyen ddi nghe va bd tri nghe cho
DBDTTS
12.88
Vai ti-d ciia Nha nude rat quan ti-gng de dilu tilt quy dat dai cho DBDTTS
34,89
Tnmg mua dat san xudt, dat b ddi vdi
cac hg su- dung ddt vugt han miic 3,67 Ghi chu: So heu tivng binh cua 250phiiu diiu ti-a cho 46xa biin gidi cua 9buyen hnh Cao Banir Cdn cd nhieu chinh sach khac dl tao quy ddt - Cho phep tiiuc hien chuyen quyIn su dung ddt ngay tai dja phuang. 25,33% y kiln tra loi khdng nIn ti-ong ngi bd cua dong bao DTTS cung chilm 74 67%
quy dmh ddi vdi dat san xudt. dat a cua cac hd gia Sd' dl y kiln nay ciing chilm mgt ty le lan nh ' dinh, ca nhan dong bao DTTS chi dugc phip thuc cung nhdm hao ve quyen va lgi ich hap ph' hien chuyin quyIn su dung ddt hrong ngi bd cua ngudi dan dong bdo thieu sd.
vay cita dong bao DTTS. nhilu han sd ngudi ddng y quy dinh
nhu vdy. Nhu vay. viec ddng y cho nguiri ddng bao DTTS duge chuyen nhugng quyen su dung ddt cho nguoi ngoai Id phii hgp vdi quy dinh ciia phdp luat hien hanh.
- Giai phap tilp hic thuc hien chinh sach ddt d l hd ti-a cho dong bao duac ddng ddo ' k -' ^^^
chgn nhat (30.56% y kiln tham gia dieu ti-a)^^ -^"
chung td van de quy ddt Id van de can quan ta '^'h "^^
dau ti-ong cdng tac hd tro cho ddng bao f^oV ^ ^
• "^^ canh tac 154 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE cd y nghia vd cimg quan ti-gng ddi vdi smh k l cua
ddng bao ddn tdc. Nhilu phuang an hd tra dat a, ddt san xudt tai cdc dia phuong da duge xay dtmg nhtmg cdn cd bat cap, han chi, chua dap iing duoe ylu cau thuc t l cua ddng bao.
- Giai phap ddo tao nghi, chuyen ddi n g h i va bd tri nghi cho dong bao la giai phap duoc cac cdn bd quan ly dat dai lua chon dp dung vai 12,88% tdng sd phieu dieu tra, xip thii hai trong sd cac giai phdp nen dp dung dl giai quylt vdn de thilu dat va khong cd ddt d, dat san xuat.
4. KETLUAN
Tinh Cao Bang cd 9 huyin biln gioi vdi 46 xa, trong dd cd 4.633 hd gia dinh vdi 23.715 khau. Cac xa biln gioi cd 72% y kiln ddng bao DTTS cho rdng dan tdc cua minh co phong tuc, tap qudn trong vilc su dung ddt; 64,44% y kiln cho rang phap luat dat dai can phai thira nhan mdt sd phong tuc, tap quan cua dong hao trong su dung ddt.
Cac hg dan duac hd trg dat 6', ddt san xudt tir chinh sach ciia Nhd nud'c de dem ban hoac cam cd Idy tiln tilu it xay ra va khdng cd (96,89% y kiln);
cung CO 3,11% y kiln cho thay rdng ddng bao DTTS van phai ban hoac cam cd dat duoe hd trg tu' chinh sach cua Nha nude vi nhilu nguyin nhdn khac nhau.
Sau khi dugc Nha nude hd tra ddt d', dat san xudt cd 70,33% y kiln can bg quan ly cho rdng ddi sdng cua ddng bao da tdt hon, 17,22% y kiln tra loi ddi sdng van binh thudng. Nguyen nhan dan din viec ddng bao DTTS kh6ng cd dat d, dat san xuat la do chia tach h6 dan (10,89% y kiln), do ngheo ddi (25,00% y kiln), tang dan so tu nhien, thu hdi ddt dl trien khai cac chuong trinh, du an phuc vu phat trien kinh t l - xa hgi... nIn so lugng ddi tuong thu huong chinh sach tang lin.
Chinh sach h6 trg cua Nhd nude cho dong bao DTTS vl dat d', ddt san xuat cdn chua hieu qua bdi nhilu ly do, trong dd thilu quy ddt la nguyen nhdn chu ylu (53,67% y kiln); thieu ngudn tai chinh (ca Trung uong va dia phuong) la nguyin nhdn ldn thii hai (36,00% y kiln); cdng lac chi dao, td chuc thuc hi|n a dia phuang chua sau sat cung la nguyen nhan dang ke (10,33% y kiln). Danh gia cua ngudi dan ddng bao DTTS: VI dat 6, 35.33% y kiln cho khong phu hop do diln tich dat qua hep va vi tri khong phu hop. Ddt ti-dng lua 70,06% y kiln, khong phu hop do dien tich nho, khdng du d l cai thien ddi sdng. Dat
nuong ray cd 25,89% y kiln chi ra dat nuong ray khdng phu hop vdi nhu cau ciia ngudi dan, do ca ba nguyen nhan dien tich dat nho, qua xa vi til 6 va chdt lugng ddt kim. Tuong tu nhu vay, ddi vdi ddt trong rimg va ddt khai hoang, phuc hda tir ddt chua su dung, ty le cac hg gia dmh cho la khdng phu hgp ludn cao han so so vdi da phii hgp r6i. Cac hp gia dinh duge hd trg ddt bang ca hai hinh tinic bd trg tiln hay ddt 6, ddt san xudt.
Cdn dp dung dong bg giai phap tilp tuc hoan thien vl phap luat dat dai co 64,44% y kien cho rdng nen thira nhdn mot sd phong tuc, tap quan cua ddng bao trong viec su dung ddt, 35,56% cho rdng khdng nen. Giai phap tao quy dat; giai phap dao tao nghi, chuyin ddi nghi va hd tri nghi cho ddng bdo ia giai phap dugc cac can bg quan ly ddt dai lua chgn ap dung vdi 12,88% tdng sd philu dieu tra, xip thir hai trong s6 cac giai phdp nIn dp dung d l giai quylt van de thilu dat va khdng cd dat 6', ddt san xudt.
TAIUEUTHAMKHAO
1. Thii tuong Chinh phii (2013). Phi duyet chinh sach hd tro dat a, ddt san xudt ndng nghiep, nuoe sinh hoat cho hg ddng bao ddn tdc thilu sd ngheo va h6 ngheo b xa, th6n, ban dac bilt khd khan. QD sd 755/QD-Trg, ngdy 20/5/2013.
2. Tdng cue Quan ly ddt dai (2016). Bao cao khoa hoc c6ng nghi vl nghiln ciru co sb ly luan va thuc tiln nhdm d l xuat chinh sach ddt a, ddt san xuat cho ddng bdo ddn tdc thieu sd. Ma sd- TNMT.01.33, Ha Ndi - 2016.
3. So Tdi nguyen va Mdi trudng tinh Cao Bdng, 2018. Bao cao kit qua thdng ke nam 2018 tinh Cao Bdng.
4. Sa Ndng nghiep va Phat tnIn ndng thdn tinh Cao Bdng (2016). Bao cdo kit qua thuc hiln quy hoach bd tri dn dinh dan cu cac xa bien gidi Viet - Trung giai doan 2013-2015 theo Quylt dinh sd 570/QD-TTg cua Thu tirdng Chinh phu.
5. Uy ban Dan tdc (2017). Tong quan tiiuc trang kinh tl, xa hoi cua 53 dan tdc thieu sd. Ha N6i - 2017.
6. Van phdng Dang ky quyIn sii dung dat tinh Cao Bang. 2018. Bao cao kit qua cap Giay chiing nhan thudc thdm quyIn cua UBND tinh Cao Bang din 31/12/2018.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2020
ASSESSING AND PROPOSING SOLUTIONS FOR SUPPORTING LAND-RESIDENTIAL AND MANUFACTURING LAND FOR ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE AREAS
IN BORDER OF CAO BANG PROVINCE
Nguyen Dac Hau, Nguyen Tlii Vong, Nguyen Quang Huy Summry
Cao Bang province has 333 km long Vietnam - China border, 9 border distncts witii 46 communes. 4,633 households wiUi 23.715 people. The results show that border communes 72% of etimic minorities have customs and practices in land use: 64.44% dunk tiiat die land law needs to recognize some. Reasons for not having residendal land and producuve land: due to the division of households and poverty, natural population growth, land acqmsition to implement programs and projects for socio-economic development... The policy of supporting residential and productive land is assessed by people to be 70.33% better, norma! 17.22%; inefficiencies due to lack of land fimd 53.67%; lack of financial resources 36,00%; directing and organizing the implementation not yet close to 10.33%, Residential land 35.33% is not suitable, because the land area is too narrow and the location is not suitable. Rice land 70.06% accordingly. Swidden fields 25.89% are not suitable due to the small land area, too far from the location and poor soil quality. Afforestation land, reclaimed and reclaimed land, rate of inappropnate assessment is higher than the number already appropnate. Households are supported land in both forms of support of money or residential land and productive land. Solution: continue to improve on land law: vocational training, job change, land fund creaUon.
Ifeywords: Supporting r^idendal land, productive land: ethnic minority, border ofCao Bang province.
Ngudi phdn bi|n: TS. Nguyin Dinh Bong Ngdy nhdn bdi: 27/3/2020
Ngdy thdng qua phdn bi|n: 28/4/2020 Ngdy duylt ddng: 5/5/2020
