Xac dinh tai trong do tac dong no cua
l3om dan tliong thudng len tang ham phong khong
Determining static load equivalent to the explosive effect of conventional bomb on the basement Pham Minh Ha'^>, Vu Huy Hoang'^'
Tom tat
Trong thanh pho, ngoai cac cong trinh dan dung con ton tai mot he thong cong trinh phong thu Suae xay diAig Be de phong trUomg hap chien tranh x^y ra. Tang ham nha cao tang, mot bo phan c£ia he thong phong t h u , can diftfc thiet ke ludng dung (sA dung ca trong thdi binh va trong tbtri chien] de co the troi thanh nOi tru an an toan cho cif dan trong tbcri chien va phuc vu cac mucdidi quoc phong khac. Tuy nhien, do Viet Nam hien chtfa to cac quy djnh lien quan (ten tang ham phong thu nen cac tang ham nha cao tang mdi chi dUtfc thiet ke vdi muc dich suTdung thong thudng trong thiri binh. Bai bao giai thieu mot sd khai niem ve tang ham phong khong va each xac dinh tai trgng do tac dong no ciia bom dan thong thudng len tang ham nha cao tang theo quy djnh ctia tieu chuan thiet ke cua Trung Quoc.
Tiy Ithoa: Tdi trong no, tdc dung no, bom dan, tdng ham, tdi trong tinh tUdng duang
Abstract
Basements under buildings are important parts of defense network in the city in case a war outbreaks They stiouid be designed to serve normal activities of occupants during peacetime but be able to switch quickly into shelters in wartime. Although pre-design of basementas defense structure is signififant, Vietnam has not yet issued regulations and standards relating to defensive basement, and recent built civil building basements are only designed for peacetime use. Thus, the arlide will introduce some concepts in air-defended basement design with GBSO038-20O5, Chinese code in civil air defense for basement, for further reference of lawmakers and designers The metioned content is of determining stalk load equivalent to the explosive effect of conventional bomb on the basement.
Keywords: Blast load, bomb, basement, egulvalent static load
(1) Cue gidm dinh nhd nude ve chat luang cdng trinh xdy dung - Bd Xdy dtmg Email phamhadhkl@gmall com (2) Gidng vien, Khoa Xdy difng Truang dat hoc Klin Iriic Ha NQI
Email hoangvplv@yahoo com
I . D I t v i n d i
Khi chien tranh xay ra, ben canh cac hoat dong phong ve quan su, mot trong nhung eong viee dau tien can thyc hien I I di tan dan Ihuang den nai an loan. Tuy nhien, vai linh chit hien dai cCia vu khi ngiy nay, ehiin tranh co Ihl diln bien rat nhanh, khi do cin phai eo nai Irii i n tai chi d i giai quyit ICre thi van de an loan eho nguai din, die bill la trong cac thinh phi Ian, nai c6 so luo'ng dan eu tap trung. H§ thing IrLi i n an loin trong thinh phi co quy mo rat Ian, can phai tan dung eic h i thing ngim sSn co cda thinh phi, trong do eo tang ham cua eac toa nha din dung. Han t h i nija, ting him phdng thu ket hgp vai cac cong trinh ngam khic tao thanh mang luai phong thu chung cua ca thanh pho con la nai tru an, tie ehiin cua ele luc luong bam tru bao ve thanh pho. De eac tang ham c6 dG kha nIng ching cac loai bom dan theo yeu ciu, can phai eo quy ho^eh quic phong mang tinh ting t h i v l quy dinh chi Hit ap dung ngay trong thai binh Tren t h i gidi, nhiiu nuue da ban hanh lieu ehuan thiit ke ting ham phong khong nhu Nga, Trung Quie, My, Anh, Singapore... 0 Viet Nam, thiit k i ting him ehiu tai trong do bom dan gay ra trong thai chien mai dang trong giai doan nghiln ciru.
VI ehua c6 chl din eu the, thieu eae lieu chuan lien quan din kiin IrOc, kit eiu.
thfing gi6, ea di§n, phong hoa. thai gian gan diy hang loal tang ham duac xay mi'i nhung diu ehua dugc Ihiil k i phuc vu cong tac phdng khong nhan dan. Da CO d i III nghien cuu d i xuit gili phip cai tao ting ham hi^n eo d i chuyen dii thinh muc dich phong thii khi cin thiit [4], Tuy nhien chiing ta cung cin phli chCi dong xay dyng c^c quy djnh v i vin d i phdng khong nhIn dan d i I p dung cho cic tang him xay mai Qe Ilm duac viec nay, ben car\h vile tu nghiln cuu.
chOng ta edn rit can phai tham khao, hoc lap kinh nghiem cCia cac nuac tren the gim Dud'I day trinh bay m6t s i khai niem lien quan din ting ham phong khdng v l cleh xle dinh lai frong tTnh tuang duang vai lac dung no eCia bom dan thdng Ihui'ng lln ting ham Iheo tilu ehuin thiet ke ling him phong khong eua Trung Quic GB50038-2005, gpi t i t II Tieu ehuan GB50038-2005 [1],
2. Mot so khai niem v i tang ham phong khong 2 1. PhSn loai
Theo quy djnh cua Trung Quoc, co nhieu each phan loai tang him phong khong khac nhau. Duai day chi trinh bay each phan loai theo edng dung eua cong trinh phong khong nhan dan trong thai chien. Theo do, cong Irinh phong khong nhln dan (trong do bao gim ting him phong khong) dugc phan thanh 5 lo^i^
Sif chi huy phong khdng nhan dan; Cong trinh dam bao hoat dfing eua eae ea quan chi huy phdng khong nhan dan trong thdi ehiin.
Cflng trinh euu ho y le, Cong trinh phdng khdng nhIn dan ed the doe l$p so cuu ngufl'i bi thuang. Theo phan cap cong trinh y t i v l nhilm vy, phan thanh 3 cap II benh vi§n Irung lam, benh vien cap ciru va tram eip cuu.
Cflng trinh phuc vu lue lugng chuyin mon phdng khong nhan dan: Lue lugng ehuyen m6n phdng khong nhan dan la to chil'c duoe thinh lap d i thue hien eae eong tae phdng khong nhan din, bao gom giai cuu nguo'i. sua chi>a nhanh, euu ho y le. phdng doc phdng dich, thflng tin lien lac, van chuyen va dam bao an ninh lr|t tu.
Cflng trinh phuc vu luc lugng ehuyen mon phong khong nhan dan dung tru an v l phyc vu mot sfl cflng vi|e cCia lyc luang ehuyen mon phong khong nhIn dan, thudng bao gim nai trCi an cua con nguo'i va Ihiil bi (xe co). Khi ehua du dieu ki^n eo the chl phuc vu mot trong hai cong nang tren.
Cong trinh tru an: Chu yeu phye vu eong tie tru an cua con nguai. phan lam 2 cap: cip 1 diing d i dam bao tru an an toan cho nhIn vien thupe cu quan chinh phu, ea quan quan trpng phuc vu sinh hoat thflng Ihuo'ng (buu dien, dien luc. cip
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f O | KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
Bang 1. Gia trj tieu chuan ciia q^ei (kN/m^) Chiiu day I6p d i t phii
mat tren tran h (m) 0Sh<0,5 0,5<h<1,0 1,0<h<1,5 1,5<h<2.0 2,0 < h < 2.5
c i p phong chong vQ khi thong thucrng 5
110*90(88-72) 90 -^ 70 (72 - 56) 70 - 50 {56 - 40) 50 - 30 (40 - 24) 30-15(24-M2)
6 50 - 40 (40 - 32) 40 - 30 {32 - 24) 3 0 - 1 5 ( 2 4 - 1 2 )
•
Chu thich:
1. Gil trj nho ciia h luang Crng vai gil tri 16'n eua qceil
2. Khi xet din anh huang cua kit c^iu ben tren. c6 thi liy gia tri trong ngoae don.
Bang 2. Gia trj tieu chuan cua q„2 tru'dng hdp ket cau tu'dng ngoai trong dSt chu'a bSo hoa (kN/m^) Chieu s l u
m|t trIn tran tang ham h (m)
0<h<1.5
1,5<h<3,0
Loal dat
Sol euoi, eat hat Ihfl. cit hat trung CIt hat nho, cllbui Dal byi Dit dinh, dit do bazan Oit dinh eo Dit liin sul Biin
Sdi euoi. cit h^t tho, cat hat trung Cat hat nhd, cat bui Dit bui Dit dinh, dat do bazan Dit dinh c i Dat lun sut Biin
Cap phong chong vu khi thong thu'O'ng 5
Khii x l y 85-i-60 7 0 - 5 0 7 0 * 5 5 7 0 - 5 0 8 0 - 6 0 70 + 50 5 0 - 4 0
BTCT 7 0 - 4 0 ^ 55 + 35 6 0 - 4 0 5 5 * 3 5 65 + 40 5 5 - 3 5 35 + 25 40 + 30 35 + 25 40 + 25 3 5 - 2 5 40 + 25 35 + 20 2 5 - 1 5
6 Khoi xay
45 + 25 35 + 20 40 + 20 35 + 25 40 + 25 35 + 20 2 5 - 1 5
BTCT 30-20 25 + 15 30 + 15 20 + 15 30 + 15 25-15 15-10 20 + 15 15-10 15-10 15 + 10 15 + 10 15-10
10 + 5 ChO thich:
1. Gil tn a col khoi xay dugc xic djnh tren ea sating ham cfl chieu eao thong thuy £ 3m, b i r^ng thong Ihiiy < 5m;
gia tri 6- eflt b l long eot thip dua trIn ea sa chieu cao tuang ngoli tang him < 5m, 2. Gia tn nhd eua h luang irng vai gia In 16n ciia q^ej-
nuac, thuc pham...), ele xi nghiep quan trpng...; cap 2 diing de dam bio trii an an toin cho dan thucyng,
Mang ludi ho tra: Cic cong trinh dijng de phii hup su hoat dflng cua eac eflng trinh trfln, chii yeu bao gom tram dien khu vuc, trgm eip nuae khu vye. kho vat lu phdng khong, kho chira xe miy phdng khflng, tram luang thuc, xi nghiep sin xuat xe mIy, dudng giao thflng phdng khflng, tram eanh bao...
2.2. Phan cap
Tieu ehuin GB50038-2005 d i cap din hai loai ting ham phdng khflng: Tang him phong khong loai A phai thoa man yeu ciu ve chong vO khi nguyen tip, vu khi thong thudng v l vu khi sinh hoa; Tang ham phdng khing loai B ehl ein thoa man yeu eiu v i ching vQ khi thflng thudng va vlj khi sinh hda. Theo kha nang phdng ching song xung kich do eac logi vu khi gay ra, ting ham phing khflng duac phan thinh eac cap nhu sau-
• Ooi vdi vu khi thflng thudng: cd 6 cip la 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 v l 6 ;
• Dii vdi vu khi nguyen tu: eo 9 cip II 1, 2, 2B, 3, 4,4B, 5, 6 v l 6B.
c i p tie 1 din 4 la phdng ching vlj khi thong thudng, eip lir 1 din 4 va cap 4B la phong chdng vu khi nguyen lir, thudng diing cho cflng trinh ehi huy va ciru vien phdng khong quic gia. Tiflu chuan phflng v# eu t h i thuoc ve bi m|t nha nude.
Pham VI cua Tieu chuan GB50038-2005 la ap dung cho lang him phflng khflng phflng chong vu khi thflng thirdng cap 5, 6 v l vu khi nguyen tir eip 4, 4B, 5, 6 v l 6B. Cac quy dinh dii vdi kit cau phdng ching vfl khi thflng thudng cap 5, 6 dugc gidi thieu d mye 3 dudi diy Cip phdng chong vQ khi va eflng dung trong thdi chiin ciia ting him phdng khflng xay mdi do ca quan ciiii quan v i phflng khdng nhan din tryc thupe uy ban nhan din eae tinh, thinh pho In/c thuflc Irung
72
TAP CH KHOA HOC K I E N T R U C • X A Y DUTIG(A) (B) Cac dcin vi phong ve (phan chia khong gian de tranh pha hoai Ian truyen) (1) Khoang dem phong dgc thii nhat
(4) Phong tam khuT doc (7) Di/flng ham {Loi thoat ngoai nha) (10) Phong chinii cho ngu'di tru an (13) Chi huy phong khong nhan dan 1 - Cua bao ve 2 - Ciia kin 5 - Tu'dng ngan 6 - Tu'dng ngoai a - Cu^ vao phong c6i quan ao c - CuS ra khoi phong tarn khLi doc Hinh 1. Vi du cau tao tang ham phong khong
(2) Khoang dem phong dgc thir hai (5) Phong kiem tra va mac quan ao (8) Hanh lang an toan trong nha (11) Lffi thoat trong nha (14) Loi thoat du' phong - CLfa thu'dng - Tu'dng lap ciia - CCra vao phdng tam khii doc
{3) Phong cdi quan ao (6) Gieng thong gid (9) LOI ra vao (12) Ky thuat (15) Vesinh chung 4 - Miing du'dng ham 8-Tu'dng chiu song d - ciia ra khdi phdng kiem tra va mac quan ao
uang quyet djnh.
2.3 Cac bo phan cau fh^nh ting ham phong khdng Cac thanh phin chinh cua ting ham phdng khflng bao gom [4]
• Cac phdng chinh (phflng cho ngudi i n nip)
• Cae phflng phu trg nhu vd sinh, y t i , kho chira, be chu'a.
• Cae phdng cho he thing ky thu|t nhu thdng gid Ipc dfle, may phat dien, thdng tin lien lac. cap thoat nude...
• Lil ra vao gim hd thong cira v l khoang dem 3. Tai trong tTnh tuo'ng du'o'ng diing de thiit k i kit cau tang ham phdng khdng
Tac dflng cQa song xung kieh hoac song nen do no lugng no II tai trpng dong, thflng thudng dugc quy v i tai trgng ITnh luang duang tac dgng len ling him phdng khong [5] (Hinh 2). Tieu ehuan GB50038-2005 dua ra cac dang song xung kieh va song nen do no bom thflng thudng va bom hat nhIn
=iing eae edng thirc tinh loan lai trgng tTnh luang duung Ben sanh dd, lieu chuin nay edn eung cap bang Ira W c tiip cac gia tn lai trong d l Ihugn lifln eho qua trinh Ihiil k i
Trong qui trinh finh loin kit eau Iran hoae ioi thoat trong iha cd t h i xem xet din anh hudng ciia kit eau ben tren din :ai trgng t i e ddng len tang ham phflng khflng neu thda man nfll Irong hai yeu c i u sau
• Kel ciu ben tren khong it han hai lang, tudng ngoli ting 1 la tudng xay hole be tflng eot thep, ding thdi ting dien tieh io due fren mdt mat ludng ngoai bit ky khflng vuat qui 50% dien lich b i mat ludng ngoai dd.
• Kit ciu ben tren ch! cd mdt ling, vat lieu tudng ngoai ting dudi eiing va dien tich 16 due thda man yeu ciu tren, dong Ihdi kit eiu mai la be tong cit thep.
a) Gia tri lieu chuin ciia q^e,
Khi ling ham phong khflng dat lai ling him 1, tli trgng ITnh lugng duang q^ei ciia trin ting ham liy theo bang 1.
Khi chiiu diy idp dit phu m^t tren trin Idn han 2,5m dii vdi ting ham phdng ching cap 5, Idn han 1,5m dii vdi tang him phdng chdng cap 6, trin ting him eo the khong xem xet l i e dung cua trong ITnh tuang duo'ng do tae dgng no ciia bom dan thdng thudng, nhung khi Ihiil k i kit eiu Iran lang him phai tuan thii cic y l u ciu ciu tao dii vdi ting him phdng khdng [1]
Khi tang ham phflng khdng dat tgi ling him 2 va cac ling phia dudi, tran ting him cfl the khdng xem xet tac dung cua trgng tTnh luang duang do tie ddng no eua bom dan Ihong thudng, nhung khi thiet ke kit ciu trin ting him phai tuan thii cac yeu ciu ciu tao ddi vdi lang him phdng khflng [1]
D i i vdi eflng trinh cd lang him md rflng han phin than, trin ling him md rdng them cd the nim sau han mat dat.
Khi dd chiiu diy idp d i i phii mat tren Iran h cd anh hudng
SO 28 " 9017
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[ ^ ^ KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
Cot ngoai nha
Hinh 2. Sd cTo tai trpng tac dung len tang ham phong khong
Bang 3. Gia t r i tieu chuan cua q^^j tru'dng hdp ket cau tu'dng ngoai trong dat bao hoa (kN/m^) Chiiu sau mat tren tran
tang him h (m) 0 £ h < 1 , 5 1,5<hS3,0
Ty le khi trong dat bao hoa ai (%)
1 5 0,05
1 5 0,05
Cap phdng chong vu khi thdng thudng 5
100 + 80 140 * 100 8 0 - 6 0 100 + 80
6 50-30 70 + 50 3 0 - 2 5 50-30 Chu thich:
1 Niu ty le khioi > 1%thi lay gia In q^z theo dit ehua bao hda; trudng hgp 0,05% < a, < 1% gil In qcg2dugen6i suy,
2. Gia tn nho ciia h luang irng vdi gia trj idn cua q^ei
Injic tiip din gil trj ciia qcB,. Neu mat tren ting him ngoli nhl nim ngay sal mat dit (tnj'dng hgp sir dung mat ling ham lam san, dudng), gil In h lay bang 0. Khi xet gil tn q^ei cho Iran ting him nim trong nhl. gia tri h ciing liy bing 0.
b) Gia In lieu chuan cGa q,^;
Gil trj tieu ehuin eiia tli trgng ITnh tuang duang qce2 fliing d i thiit k i kit eau tudng ngoli liy theo bang 2 va bing 3.
Tnj'dng hgp mat dudi trin ting him phdng khflng cao han cao dfl ngoai nha. ket ciu ludng ngoli ling ham phdng khflng se chju tie ddng tryc tiep eiia song xung kich do n i bom dan, niu thiit ke kel eau tudng dat din trang thai din hoi deo thi tai trong ITnh luang duang liy bing 400 kN/m^
doi vdi eip 5 v l 180 kN/m^ doi vdi cap 6 phdng ehong vQ khi thdng thudng
4. K i t [u|n
Tie dgng no ciia bom dgn la tai trgng dgng da dugc quy dii v i tai trgng ITnh luong duang thflng qua cae cdng thirc chuyen doi va da duac lap thanh eac bang tra true tiip trong Tieu ehuan GB50038-2005 vi vay vi0c Ip dung trong thiit ke ritlhu|n lien.
Vdi ap luc tinh loan chenh nhau khoang hai lin dan din tai trgng ITnh luang duang tic dung len kit ciu tang him cap 5 va cip 6 cung ehenh llch rat Idn (khoang hai lin) Nhu vay, chi phi eho tang him khang luc cip 5 se tang len dang k i so vdi elp 6. Tuang ty vdi cae cip khang lyc eao han. Day
la sy xung ddt giira y l u ciu an loin va hieu qua kinh te ma chinh saeh quoc phdng cin gili quyiL
Vi^e thiit ke ludng dyng ting ham eae cflng trinh dIr dyng, trong dd cfl ting him nha cao ling, mac dii Ilm phat sinh ehi phi diu tu, tuy nhien ia van de rat quan trgng. cin dugc su quan lam diSng mire ciia chinh quyen, ddi hfli cac eg quan quan ly nha nude ciing vdi eac ca quan ehuyin mon tip trung xay dyng ea chi phii hap dong thai nghiln ciru ban hanh cae quy djnh, quy ehuan, lieu ehuan ky thult lien quan d i tnen khai ap dung trong thue te./
Tai lieu tham khao
1 tlAR#fpHi^#Jfe.AK;l!JF$:ifeTtiaiit?a(m/
chudn CB50038-2005), 2010,
2 Nguyen Hdng San, Thiel ke ket cau nhd chju tdc ddng ciia no iu- CO. Nha xuat bdn Xdy dtmg. 2016.
3. m^um^fi^fk^. m'^^mi^^fi^. mt^- «
S^. AaiSr^X^it^'f 3i5l«. 2003
1 Nguyen Tri Td vd cdc c^ng sif. Nghien cuu gidi phip cai tgo tdng ham ciia nhd cao tdng 1dm cdng trinh phdng tliii ddn su Irong thdi chien. Bdo cao de tdi nghien cuu khoa hgc, Hgc vi$n Kf thudt qiidn sif. 2016.
5 H6Si Giao. Nd hoa hgc - Ly thuyit vd thirc tiiii, Nhd luit baa Khoa liQC vd Ky thudt, 2010.
6. va Dinh Lpi. Gida trinh cdng sir. Hgc vien Ky thudt quan sfi.
2005.
