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KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHt MO
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PHUrONG PHflP THieU BflV HOI THU HOI ANTIMON TRIOXIT TUT QUANG TINH ANTIMON-VANG
VUNG HA GIANG, TUYEN QUANG
PGS.TS. T R A N Bite Q U * Tnrcmg D?i hoc Cong nghiep Ha N6i TS. 06 H 6 N G NGA, ThS. N G U Y E N H O N G Q U A N
Vien Khoa hoc va Cong ngh$ I\t6-Luyen kim
X ntimon (Sb) l i kim loai, t i n tai d nhieu dang j \ thCi hinh khac nhau. Dang thu hinh chinh l i
•» \ tinh t h i mau xam, cd i n h kim, ngoii ra cdn d cac dang thu hinh khic nhu: vd dinh hinh miu vang, den [1].
Tily thude v i o tinh chit, thinh phan quang m i cd cac phuong phip xCp ly quang arifimon khic nhau, bao gom; phuang phap luyen lang trong Id dien; phuang phip luyen antimon trong Id dung, ca hai phuong phip nay d i u luyen ra antimon thd;
phuang phip thieu bay hoi, thu hdi antimon trioxit, sau dd luyen ra antimon thd.
Thidu oxy hda quang antimon thude loai thieu hoan toin, cd nghTa l i can dua toin bd lupng antimph sulfua ve dang antimon exit. Cd hai phuong phip thidu khic nhau thudng dupc i p dung; thieu oxy hda khdng bay hai (sin pham chu y i u l i antimon tetroxit - Sb204) v i thidu oxy hda bay hai (san phim chu y i u l i antimon trioxit - Sb203). ^
Phuong phip thidu bay hoi dxy hoi dii vdi quang antimon va tinh qu^ng antimon la phuong phip dugc su' dung rit rdng ril.^dugc su dung sdm nhit la Id thidu Hecsi giing thing, sau dd den Id thidu hoi chuyin (quay) (d Nam Tu) roi d i n Id thieu b i c hoi (o Lidn Xd). Tai Italia da nghien cCru thanh cdng lo?l Id thieu boc^hoi hii chuyin va duoc Ci'ng dyng trong san xuat cdng nghidp. Ben nay, Id cd tinh dai dien dugc irng dung nhieu trong san xuat cong nghidp l i Id thie^u giing thing cua Trung Quoc va Id thidu h i i chuyen nhanh [2].
Trong khudn kho bii bio, cic t i c g i i trinh biy k i t qua nghien ciru khi nang thieu bay hoi thu hdi antimon trioxit tu- qu^ng tinh antimon-vang vung H i Giang, Tuydn Quang.
1. Thurc nghiem 1.1, Miu nghien ciru
Mau nghien cCru l i quang tinh antimon nhan dugc sau qua trinh tuyin nil quing antimon sunfua viirig Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang. Quang tinh cd thanh phin hda hpc chinh dugc trinh biy trong Bing 1.
Bang 1 Thanh phan hoa hoc quang tinh antimon Ha Giang
Tu Bang 1 ta thay quang tinh antinion vung Ha Giang thupc loai tuang dii giau, mpt s i tap^chit^cd hai trong qui trinh luyen nhu asen, chi deu thap.
Ngoai ra, trong quang tinh antimon vung nay mn chCra vang vdi him lugng khoang 1,3 g Au/tan.
Lupng vang nay sau khi thieu se chuyin vao antimon thd va dugc thu hii tnong cac cdng doan sau.
2.2. Phu gia
Bk qui trinh thidu xay ra thuan Ipi, mdt so phu gia cho nghien cCru dugc chuin bj v i trinh biy trong cac Bang 2+4. Than cic dung de gia nhiet cho qui trinh thieu antimon. Phu gia l i chat trg dung cd tic dung lim giim nhidt dp chay, giam ti trpng cCia xi, giCip phan tich tit giSa antimcn thd, sten vdi xi v i giup cho qua trinh thio xi dien ra de ding.
BSng 2. Thanh phin hda hQc cua than cdc, %
ef Tin
d&TS
=Chit boo 7,3
P 0,07
S 0,49
TTanhohintio,%
A I A 28,65
SiCb 36,86
F e A 22,00
CaO 2,59
MgO 0,38. Bangs
SiPaO
» 85
. Thanh phan hda hoc cua voi, % S1O2
1,0
MflO 1,0
AI2O3 . 0,5
CANG NGHIEP MO, S t 3 - 2 0 1 6
I ^ ^ _
KHOA HOC VA C A N G H0Hf:M6 Bang 4. Thanh phan quang sit, %2.3. Thiet bi nghien cmi
Thilt bi dCing cho nghien cdu la io quat gio cd tigt diSn day la 3,14 dm^, g6m cac bp phan chinh (H.I): than 16 (1), vj tri c^^ gio (2), quat gio (3), h$
thdng du'dng ong (4), buong ngu-ng (5). Ngoai ra, edn CO qugt hut va h§ th6ng thu bui tui vai nham thu h6i toan bg exit antimon.
H.I. Lo quat gio thi nghi§m thieu antimon 2.4. Tinh toan thanh phan tra dung Trong thanh phan quang tinh antimon vung Ha Giang thi Si02 chiem phin idn, do do chpn he xi cd thanh ph§n chinh la eac nguyen to Si02, FeO, CaO. Vdi ham lu'O'ng cac c§u td trong he x\ lya chon nhu' sau: SiOj 4 0 ^ 5 %; FeO 25 %; CaO 20
%; cac cau tO con lai 10 %.
Vdi cac thanh ph§n ehinh eCia xl va thanh phSn cua cae nguyen vat lieu khac, tinh thanh phan tra dung cho qua trinh thieu nhu' sau: chpn thanh phan Si02 trong quang lam thanh phin ehinh, khi dd tinh theo Si02 ddi vdi ph6i lidu 100 kg qu^ng ta se ed:
• Khdi lu'O'ng Si02 trong xi la 23,19 kg; khdi lu'O'ng xi hinh thanh sau thieu la:
m»=23,19/0,45=51,53kg;
• Khoi iu-gng FeO trong xi la 12,88 kg; do trong qugng tinh Sb co khoi lu'O'ng FeO quy doi la 3,37 kg n§n khoi iu'ang FeO bo sung them la:
12,88-3,37=9,51 kg.
Td khoi lu-p-ng FeO, tinh khoi lu'O'ng quang sat can b6 sung vao tao xi la: 11,44 kg (vdi thanh phin hda hpe nhy Bang 4).
• Khoi lu'O'ng vdi trong xi la 10,31 kg; do trong thanh ph§n quang cd 6,9 kg vdi, do d6 lu'O'ng CaO ein cho phoi lieu la: 10,31-6,9=3,41 kg.
Lu'O'ng tra dung vdi cin cho vao de tao xi la 3,41/0,85=4,01 kg. Vl vdy, Iu'ang trg- dung can phoi iieu la 11,44 kg qu|ing sat va 4,01 kg vdi.
2. Ket q u i vd t h i o IM^H 2.1. Diiu ki$n th!nghi§m
Antimon vung Ha Giang, Tuy§n Quang I phan Idn d d$ng sunfua, do dd lipa chon phii ph^p thieu bay hai 6k ttiu h6i antimon (SnzOa). Tham kh^o t^i li^u [21^r4] chpft tf l d i c6e de c^p nht$t cho qu^ trinh thiSu ahfim'^y Id quat gid Id 30 % Trong qud trinh t h i ^ t ckn duy tri mdi tru'dng hodn nguyen ye#
Quang tinh antimon nhgn du'Q'c sau ( tuyin noi c6 kich thu-de m|n (-0,074 mm), i bay bui, mat mdt quang tmh cung nhu- tgo d l l i khi ttiodt ra, quang tmh du'oc v§ vifen v ' thyde 10-^15 mm, ch^t ket dinh Id bentonit
De duy tri mdi tru'dng hodn nguydn ^ du'Q'c trpn vao quang tinh antimon vdi fi l<
khoi lu'O'ng r6i tien hdnh ve vien.
Tl Id phoi lieu eho qua frinh thi nghi§m1 antimon trong id quat gid nhu' sau: q u | n ^ antimon ve vien: 100 kg; than coc: 30 kg; ( sit: 11,44 kg; vdi: 4,01 kg; chieu cao cdt lidi mm; nhiet dp thieu duy tri d 1100 "C.
2.2. Nghien cu>u anh hipdng cOa qu$n^
din hieu suit thu hoi antimon T^ i# qugng sat du-gc nghien dtu tD" 90^^
so vdi tinh toan ly thuydt. Ket qua thi nghrdtr trinh bay trong Bang 5 va bieu diln trdn j Can bang kim loai antimon trong qua trirfl bay hai dup'c trinti bay trong Bang 6. Antim nhan duac cd thanh phin chinh duwc t trong Bang 7. Thdnh phin xi sau khi fliiS trinh bdy trong Bang 8.
Bang 5. Anh hu^g cua qudng sat i suit thu hdi antimon
Ghl diu: QSTA. -771$ qudng sd( tfiyc te/ly^Lq K^t qua thyc nghidm eho thay:
• Trong qua trinh thieu antimon, tT le q u i sat cd dnh hu'dng nhieu tdi hidu suat thu f antimon. Vdi ti Id qugng sat thyc te/ ly thuy4|
90-^100 % thi nhiet dp chay cua xi eao, antiiT l l n vdo xi nhieu dan d i n hidu suat thu antimon khdng cao. Vdi cdc tT Id trp' dung i qua trinh van hanh thilt bj thieu antimon gap1<
CdNG NGHIEP NIO, SO 3 - 2 0 1 6
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO _ ^ ^
i^han khi xi id sdt, nhiet do chu'a du de chay loang xl. Do quang sat b| hoan nguydn niQt phin trong qua trinh thieu ndn da lam thay d i i thinh phan tinh t o i n cCta h$ xi va lam thay doi nhiet dp chiy cOa he xi;
*:* Khi ti le quang sat dat 105 % thl hidu suit thu I hoi antimon v i o bgt thidu dat cao nhat. b ti le niy, i xi chiy tot, thao t i c vin hinh 16 thieu dam bao
thdng suit, q u i trinh thio xi v i antimon d i dang;
Sing 6. Bang can bing kim loai qua trinh thieu antimon
•:• Khi tt le trg dung d i n 110 %, hieu suit thu hii antimon cOng bj giim di vl nhiet dp chiy cua xi tang dan d i n tang sir mat mit antimon vao xi. Mat khac, quang sat nhieu d i n den tl Id sat vio antimon thd cung Idn se inh hu'dng tdi qua trinh tinh lUydn khCr s i t sau nay.
Do viy, chpn ti IS chit tro dung quing sat la 105 % so vdi tinh toin i j thuyet cho q u i trinh thidu tinh quing antimon trong Id quat gid.
k i t vdi nhau, thao t i c 16 khd khan cho viec thao xi.
Nguydn nhan niy cung lam cho antimon boc hoi cham din din hidu suit thu hii antimon thap.
Sang 9. Anh hudng nhiSt do din hieu suit tbu hdi Sb
H.2. Anh hu'dng cua qu$ng sSt den hi0u suat thu hoi antimon Bang 7. Thinh phin antimon thd
BSng 8. Thinh phan xl thieu antimon
2.3. NghiSn ciru anh hircmg cua nhiet 66 den i hKu suit thu hSi antimon
f O u i trinh thieu nhiet dp thidu du'p'c khing chi d I cacmiS'c khic nhau tir 1000+1250 °C. Kit q u i thi i nghiem du'oc tnnh bay trong Bang 9 v i the hi#n ) trdn H.3. K i t qua thi nghiSm cho thiy khi nhiet dp II thidu tCr 1000+1050 °C, hi$u suit thu hoi Sb thip, I chi dat 86,91+90,26 %. 0 nhiSt dp nay, qua trinh ) thieu x i y ra khd khin do x! chu'a chiy loing, dinh
H.3. Ham itmng va hieu suit thu hdi Sb Khi nhiet dp thieu d 1100+1150 °C thi hieu suit dat 92,07 % va 92,83 %; q u i trinh v i n hinh 16 de ding, xi chay tot. Khi ning nhiet dp thieu ISn din 1200+1250 °C thi hieu suit thu hoi antimon tang len khong ding k i , tuy nhien him lu'O'ng cung nhu'
CONG NGHIEP MO, SO 3 - 2 0 1 6
KHOA HOC VA C6NG N G H | MO
chit luong antimon trong bdt iai giam di vl d nhiet dp cao, mpt s i c i c kim loai tap chat nhu'; Zn, Pb bay hol theo va lan vao s i n pham thiSu. Do dd, nhiet dp phu hop cho thieu quang tinh antimon la 1100 °C Cmg vdi 30 % than cic trong phoi li$u.
2.4. Nghien cim anh /iirang ciia chieu cao cot lieu den hi$u suat thu hii antimon
Chieu cao cot lieu nghien cuu thay doi til 500+800 mm. Kit q u i thi nghiem dupc t h i hien trong Bing 10 va bleu dien tren H.4.
1 » FJ*"-." '^•^ig^jf^^^ -*»• ' j ^
Sang 10 Anh huKmg ciia chidu cao cdt iidu den hieu suit thu hii Sb
3. K i t l u i n
TCr k i t qua thCr nghl$m thu h i i antimon 1 bang phuong phip thiSu bay qu$ng tinh antimdi Giang, Tuyen Quang, dua ra mpt s i k i t lu?nsai
•:• Hieu suit thu hoi antimon phg thu§c vadr chat trp dung (quang sat), nhi$t4p thiSu vsl!^
cao cot li§u khi thiSu;
•:• b i i vdi Id qu?it gid cd didn tlch 3,14 c le phii liSu va c h i dd thidu dupc chpn l i tinh antlmpn ve vidn; 100 kg; than c i c quang sat; 12,01 kg (tuong duong 105 % s o l tinh t o i n ly thuyet); vdi; 4,01 kg; chiiu c a o j lidu; 700 mm; nhiSt dp thieu duy trt d 1100 V c i i i dp niy, hieu suit thu h i i antimon cd th^
dupc > 92 % . •
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O 1. Bich khoa toan thu Wikipedia ve an^
http;//vi.wlklpedia.org/wiki/Antimon 2. Mac Dinh Thiit. NghiSn ciru q u i trtrj tach antimon tCr quang tinh antimoni^
valentinite ViSt Nam bang phuong phip diSn Luin van thac sy khoa hpc hda hpc. Dai hoc, hpc tu nhiSn. Bai hpc Quic gia Ha Npi, 2002.|
3. Corby G.Anderson. The metallur^
antimony - chemie der Erde 72(2012) S4 (;
4. R. Padilla, L.C. Chambi, M.C. Ruiz. / production by carbothermic reduction of s the presence of lime, Joumal of Mining _ Metallurgy, Section B; Metallurgy 5-13. J ]
Nguo'i bien tap: Tran Van Trgch TLH khda: quang tinh antimon; thu hii antim thieu bay hai; id quat gid; ty le phdi iieu
Ngiy nhan bai: 15 thang 06 nam 2015
Ket qui thi nghiem cho thay.
• Khi chieu cao cot lieu thip d 500+601) mm thl hieu suit thu hoi dat >96 %, tuy nhiSn chit lupng bdt thieu khdng cao, him lupng Sb trong bdt thieu thap, trong bpt thidu l i n nhieu quang tinh. Diiu niy cho thay, khi chieu cao cdt lieu thap, ap luc cua quat manh se l i m cho quang tinh antimon bj cuon theo cung vdi bui va lim bin chit lupng bdt thiSu.
Vdi chiiu cao cpt lieu thap thl nang suat 16 cao, thdi gian nap lieu v i o nhanh, it phai thdng khi;
• Khi chiiu cao cot lieu la 700 mm, chit lupng bdt thiSu va hieu suit thu hoi antimon dat mCrc on djnh, thao t i c vin hanh 16 d i dang;
• Khi tang chieu cao cot lieu ISn 800 mm, thao tic van hanh 16 gap khd khan. L6 bj bit khi, thudng xuyen phii thao t i c thdng khi tCr trSn dinh 16, nang suit Id giam, thdi gian nap lieu keo dai.
Lua chpn chiiu cao cdt lieu la 700 mm doi vdi 16 quat gid cd tiit dien 3,14 dm^.
