NGHIEN CtfU THUCTIEN GlAO DUC
ThUc trang giao due gidi tinh thong qua cau chuyen xa hpi cho hpc sinh ichuyet tat tri tue ldp 5 ol trUdng tieu hpc hoa nhap tren dja ban Quan Cau Giay, Ha Npi
Dao Thj Thu Thijy\ Nguyen Thj Thanh^
' Email dttthuy@daihocthudo edu.vn
^ Email: nttfianfi4@da)tiocthudo edu vn TrUflng Oai hoc Thi 06 Ha Noi
98 Di/Ong Quang Ham, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
TOM TAT: Giio dgc gidi tinh la mdt trong nhdng vin de quan trong trong qua trinh phat trien cua hoc sinh, trong dd cd hgc sinh khuyit tat tri tug. Giao dgc^
gidi tinh giup cho cae em cd dd nhan thUc, kining gidi tinh cO bin vi h^n che cac hanh vi gidi tinh khdng phu hgp. Dieu nay se giup hgc sinh giii quyit dUdc nhQng van dd trong cudc sing lidn quan din gidi tinh. hinh thinh cic mdi quan h$ xi hgi phu hgp die bi$t la giai do^n diy thi. Ddi vdi hgc sinh khuyit tat tn'lud, eic em ed nhUng die diim rieng vi cd nhdng khd khin die biet trong cac hoat ddng nhan thUc y thUc, han ehi trong kTning xa hdi, kTning song, thi vin de giio due gidi tinh eho cac em la mot van di rat khd khin.
Phuong phap ciu chuyen xa hdi la mdt phuong phip giao due cho hgc sinh khuyit tat tri tue tUdng doi pho biin tren the gidi va da dem l^i hi$u qui tich cue. d Viet Nam, phUdng phap niy da dugc sd dung higu qui trong giio dge dac bidt, nhung viee Ung dung phUOng phap nay degiio dgc gidi tinh cho hgc sinh dcic trUdng hda nhap chua thgc sUphS biin. Trong bit viit niy, tic gii nghidn cdu thue trang giio due gidi tinh thdng qua ciu chuydn xa hgi cho hoc sinh khuyit tit tri tue Idp 5 d trudng tieu hgc hda nhip tren dia bin quin Ciu Giay, Hi Ngi.
lis KHOA: Khuyet tat tri tue; gido due gidi tmh; cau chuyen xa hdi.
-> Nhan bai 23/5/2019 •> Nh?n \ie\ qui ptian bien vi chinh sila 28/6/2019 -> Duyet ding 25/7/2019.
1 . D3t v a n d e
Van de gtao due giai tinh (GDGT) co y nghia to lan doi vai hoc sinh (HS) khuySt tat tri tue (KTTT). GDGT giup HS CO nhirng nhgn thirc/y thiic so dang ve ban than mmh, CO hieu biet dung dan ve gioi tinh cua ban than va ngiroi khac.Tu do, HS KTTT co thai do, hanh vi, irag xii, khoang each phu hpp vai dae diem gioi tinh vii co the tranh dugc cac te nan xa hpi hen quan den giai tinh, dac biet huang d6n HS KTTT co the hoa nhap voi cpng dong. Hien nay, c6 nhifiu phuang phap GDGT cho HS KTTT vai nhiing uu diem rieng va phii hgp vai timg doi tuong HS cimg nhu voi hmg moi truang hoc tap. Cau chuypn xa hpi (CCXH) ciing da dupe Sli dung rat hi?u qua trong qua trinh giao due eho HS khuyet tat noi chung.Tuy nhien. viee irag dung CCXH dk GDGT cho HS KTTT van con kha mcri me, dae biet la a cac lop hpc hoa nhap. Muc dich ciia nghien cuu nay la tim hieu thue trang sii dyng CCXH dk GDGT cho HS KTTT lap 5 a truong tieu hpe hoa nhap hien nay tren dia ban Ha Npi. Tir do. Iky ea so dii lieu cho nhiing nghien cihi va d^ xuSt tiep theo nham phyc vu qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT noi rieng va HS khuySt t^t noi chung.
2. Npi d u n g n g h i e n cCTu 2.1. TdchiiTc khao sat
Chiing toi tiin hanh khao sat va phan tich thuc trgng GDGT thong qua CCXH cho 32 HS KTTT lop 5 a trucmg
tieu hpc hoa nhap vai cac miic dp va gioi tinh khac nhau bao g6m: 24 HS nam (8 KTTT miic dp nh?, 12 KTTT trung bmh, 4 KTTT nang); 8 HS nu (5 KTTT nh?, 2 KTTT trung binh, 1 KTTT ning) ciing 32 giao vien (GV) va 32 phy huynh (PH) cua nhiing HS nay.
Npi dung khao sat bao gom: Nhiing phuang phip GDGT cho HS KTTT lap 5 a truang tigu hpc hien nay; Thuc trang Sli dung CCXH, Muc dp hieu qua cua viec sit dyng cic phuong phap GDGT, trong do di sau muc dp hi?u qui khi Sli dung CCXH; Nhirag yeu t6 anh huong den qua trinh GDGT thong qua CCXH cho HS KTTT lap 5 a tnrong ti6u hpc; Nhiing thuan lai va kho khan cua GV hoa nhap trong qui trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT lap 5.
Trong qui trinh khao sat, chiing toi sii dung hai phuong phip chinh, gom: 1/ Phuong phap diiu tra bing bang h6i nhim thu thgp thong tm thuc trang sii dyng CCXH GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 o truong tiiu hpc; 2/ Phucmg phip phong van GV va PH, phong vin sau nghien cuu thyc nghipm bing mau phieu phong vin.
2 . 2 . Ket qua khao sat
2 . 2 . 1 . Thuc trang sir dung cau chuyen xa hoi giao due gidi hnh cho hpc sinh khuyet tat tri tue Idp 5 d Iri/dng lieu hgc a. Thuc trgng nhgn ihuc cua GV vd PH vi GDGT cho HS KTTT l&p 5 & tru&ng tieu hgc
100% G V V a PH diu cho ring v i ^ G D G T la diiu hit siic
104 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUG VIET NAM
cin thiit cho HS KTTT dp tu6i lop 5 a cac truong tiiu hpc.
Tit ci hp diu ddng y voi y kiin HS KTTT gap nhiiu kho khin trong viec GDGT.
v i thyc trang muc dp thgc hi?n GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 6 tnrcmg tiiu hpc, 2 g6c nhin tii GV va PH dua ra hai kit qua khic nhau, cy thi (xem Bang I);
Da so GV deu nh|in xet rang, a truang da thuc hien GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 a truang tiiu hpc. S6 lieu do dirpc tir 32 GV cho thay c6 29 GV dinh gii da thuc hien GDGT chiim 90.6% va chi co 3 GV danh gia chua thuc hi^n (chiim 9,4%). Nhu viy, cac truong tiiu hpc tren dia ban Ha Npi hien nay ciing da chii trpng ve van de GDGT cho HS 16p 5, trong do co ca HS KTTT doi tuong ma chiing ta dang quan tam.
Tuy nhien, hi?u qui trong viec thuc hien GDGT cho HS KTTT I6p 5 a trucmg tieu hpc c6 ket qua thu duac tren khio sat y ki6n eiia GV tieu hpc cho thay hieu qui chua cao vi moi chi dimg lai a viec bat dau thuc hien li chu yeu. Cu the, GV tieu hpc 6 dia ban Ha Npi dinh gia: Khong co y kiin nio dinh gii a miic dp thuc hi?n rit tot, co 10 y kien dinh gia 6 myc dp thuc hi?n tot chiem 31%, 15 y kien dinh gii miic dp thuc hien trung binh chiem 46,9% va 22% y kien ddnh gii miic dp thuc hien chua tot chiem (7 danh gia).
Y kiin ciia PH vk hi?u qua GDGT cho HS KTTT lap 5 CO khic hon so v6i GV, cu the c6 den gan 50% danh gia ciia PH cho rang a truang tieu hpc chua thyc hien GDGT cho HS lap 5 noi chung va cho HS KTTT noi rieng, chi co mpt niia so y kien dinh gii GDGT da duoc thuc hien a truang tieu hpc. Nhung ke ci nhung PH dinh gii viec GDGT da dupe thyc hien o trutmg tieu hpc thi hieu qua ciia no lai chua dupe PH danh gia cao. So lieu cho thiy, trong s6 cac
PH danh gia da thyc hien GDGT cho HS lop 5 a truang tieu hpc thi co 84% y kiin danh gia miic dp hi?u qui ciia GDGT chua tot va 16% y kiin hieu qua a muc trung binh, khong coy kiin nao cho ring GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 a truong tieu hpc da mang lai hieu qua tit hoac rit tit. Diiu niy CO thi giai thich boi thuc ti chuang trinh GDGT 6 Viet Nam hieri nay mai chi duoc ling ghep trong mon hpc Khoa hpc vi bat dau hi lop 5. Vi thi, PH chua thirc su co nhan dinh chinh xie vcri viec thyc hien chuong trinh GDGT 6 cac trucmg tieu hpc cho con em minh. Con ve mirc dp hieu qui, thuc ti cho thay, vcri HS binh thucmg da la diiu kha moi me, voi cac HS KTTT, de dat hieu qua thay ro o moi truong hoa nhap neu chua dupe iing dung nhihig bien phip dac thii thi qua la mot dieu cang kho khan hon.
b. Nhirng phuang phdp GDGT cho HS KTTT l&p 5 dugc sic dung
Hien tai, GDGT eho HS lop 5 a truang tiiu hpc cung da dupe quan tam, song song voi do co nhieu phucmg phip GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 da dupe sii dung a cac miie dp khac nhau, cu the (xem Bing 2):
Co rat nhieu phuong phap dupe sir dung GDGT cho HS KTTT lap 5 o truang tieu hpc hien nay vai cac miic dp khac nhau nhung dupe sii dung thuang xuyen vi rat thuang xuyen nhat ia 2 phuong phip truyen thong (phucmg phip dam thoai va phuong phap giii quyet tinh huong), trong do miic dp su dung rit thuong xuyen va thucmg xuyen ciia phuang phap dam thoai chiem 75% y kien va 60% cho phuang phip giii quyet tinh huong. Ngoai ra, phuang phap CCXH, phuong phip tro choi, phuong phap tryc quan cung dupe Sli dung nhung chiem ti le thip han. Mit khic, qua thu thap thong tin chia se tir phia GV va PH HS thi CCXH
Bang 1: Tliirc trang mH'c dp ttiiTc hien GDGT clio HS KTTT I6p 5 triTdng tieu lioc tir GV va PH me tto Mile 06 thilc hien
Ogl uong knao sat GV PH
Da thilc hien TS 29 15
%
90.6 46.9
Chifa thi/c hien TS 3 17
%
9.4 53.1
Rat tot TS 0 0
%
0 0
Tot TS 10 0
%
31 0
Tmng binh TS 15 5
%
47 18
Chila tot TS % r 22 27 84
Bing 2: NhQng phKdng phap GDGT cho hgc sinh KTTT Mp 5 i triliing lieu hpc MDc do MiHc dfi sur dung
Rat thUdng xuyen Thildng xuyen
oam ttiogi Trtchdi CCXH Tn/c quan Giii quy^t tinh hudng
16 0 1 2 3
50 0 3.1 6.3 8.8
8 11 10 10 16
25 34 4 31.3 31.3 47.1
6 15 14 15 7
18.8 1 46.9 3 43.8 6 46.9 4 26.5 3
S519 thing 7a)19 105
NGHIEN Cl/U THUC TIEN GlAO DUC
thuong dupe sir dung de giio due cho HS KTTT boi nhung GV, dac biet hem la cac GV hoa nhap tai cac lap 6 truang tieu hpc.
Cic GV chii nhiem chia se, hiu het hp chua duoc dio tao va boi du5ng chuyen mon ve GDGT cho HS noi chung va GDGT cho HS co nhu cau dac biet noi rieng. Nhiing gi GV ap dung cho HS KTTT trong qua trinh GDGT chi tir nhung kinh nghiem ciia ban than tu diic nit nen chua co he thong vi chii yeu van dimg cie phuong phap chung cho ei lop.
c. Cdc hien phdp GDGT cho HS KTTT l&p 5 a tnr&ng tieu hoc
Do thyc te a Viet Nam hien nay, GDGT chua phai la mpt mon hpc rieng biet ma mdi chi dupe long ghep vao mon Khoa hpc va bat dau thuc hien tir lop 5 Vi vay, cic bien phap sir dung GDGT cho HS noi chung va HS KTTT lop 5 noi rieng ciing duac ap dung phii hop voi tinh hinh thuc te, cu the (xem Bieu do 1):
Rilttiirimg Thuri'ng lUySn Trungbinh
- — - — nhSn
Bieu dd 1: Nhiing bien phdp GDGT cho HS KTTT l&p 5 &
truang lieu hgc
Bieu do 1 ve cac bien phap sii dung GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 a truang tieu hpc tren cho thay ciing co nhieu bien phip duoc ip dung nhu: Bifn phip h6 tro ca nhan, bien phap tro choi, bien phip thuc hanh, bien phap tich hap...
Tuy nhien, miie dp sir dyng ciia moi bien phip la khae nhau.
Qua khao sit cho thay, bien phip tich hop qua eic mon hpc vi bien phip thirc hanh dupe sii dung thuang xuyen hem Dac bift, bien phip tich hop qua cic mon hpc dupe dinh gia sii dung rat thucmg xuyen vi thuang xuyen chiem 66%, 22%. Chi co mpt so it cho rang it diing hoac khong diing bien phap tich hop de GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5.
Bien phip thuc hanh ciing dupe GV sir dung thuang xuyen va rat thuang xuyen chiem 60% y kien. Ben eanh do, tro choi hay ho trp ca nhan eiing dupe diing thucmg xuyen hoac miic dp trung binh nhung ti le thap hem.
d Mice do sir dung CCXH trong GDGT cho HS KTTT Cie khao sat vi thong tin tii GV cho thiy, CCXH du it hay nhifu ciing da dupe sit dung vao qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT lap 5 0 truang tifu hpc. Tuy m6i GV ciing nhu voi timg moi truang I6p hpc hay trutmg hpe se co miic dp sir dyng CCXH khic nhau nhung dieu nay da chiing to rang CCXH da dugc iing dyng trong qui trinh giao dye chung va GDGT noi rieng t^i cac truong lieu hpc hoa nhap hien nay (xem Bieu do 2).
Hue <J9 st> dung CCXH GDGT cho hoc s i i h KTTT \av 5
• Thuong niy*n
• I (line binh
Biiu dd 2- Muc do sir dung CCXH GDGT cho HS KTTT l&p 5
Bik d6 2 cho thiy, 31,3 % y kifn danh gii GV su dyng CCXH mpt cich thudng xuyen vao qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT, 40.6% da sir dyng 6 miic dp trung binh. Day la mpt s6 luong tuong doi kha quan vdi mpt phuang phip mdi me va dac thu vdi giio due dae biet nhu CCXH dupe ap dung vao moi trudng hoa nhap tai cac tnidng tieu hpc.
Ngoai ra, 19% y kifn da biet vk CCXH va c6 sii dyng de GDGT cho HS KTTT d ldp hoa nhap nhung mdi d miic dp it diing, gin 10% y kien giao vi GV en cho bift hp khong diing CCXH vi hp chua th\rc su cd chuyen mon hay dupe dao tao ve phuong phip niy.
e. Hieu qud su dung CCXH GDGT cho HS KTTT Khao sit cho thiy, vdi nhiing GV da sir dyng CCXH, df GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5, da s6 dinh gii d mirc hifu qua va rat hieu qui (chiem xap xi 80%, trong do hi?u qua la 69%, rat hifu qui 9.4%), ehi co 22%) y kien d^t cho ring hieu qua dat dupe d mirc dp trung binh vi khong cd y kien nio cho ring khi sii dyng CCXH vao qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT Idp 5 d trudng hoa nhap khong mang lai hifu qua hoac it hieu qui cho HS. Difu niy chimg to CCXH da mang lai hifu qui ding kf trong GDGT cho HS KTTT ndi chung va HS KTTT ldp 5 d trudng tifu hpc ndi rieng. Day li mpt khao sit mang tinh co sd chirng minh cho vifc nfn pho bifn Sli dung phuang phip nay dl GDGT cho HS KTTT noi ehung vi HS KTTT ldp 5 ndi rieng, can co nhiing giai phip df dua phucmg phap CCXH dupe img dyng mpt cich rpng rai hem.
Kft qua khao sit thuc te eho thiy, GV tai cic trudng tifu hpc cung dang sir dung nhifu phuang phip df GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5. CCXH da dugc sii dyng va kft hpp linh hoat ciing eic phuong phip khac. Tuy nhifn, vifc GDGT thdng qua CCXH cho HS KTTT lop 5 d tnrdng tifu hpc mang lai hieu qua cao. Difu niy co thf do each thirc sir dung chua phii hpp, ho^c cac GV hda nhap cung dang liing hing Uong vifc su dung CCXH vao trong qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT lim sao de dat hifu qui.
Nhu vay, thuc tf dk cho thiy, mirc dp sir dyng CCXH ciia cic GV vao trong qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT idp 5 d trudng tieu hpc la chua cao.Tuy nhien, vdi chia sf ciia nh&ng GV di bilt va ung dyng phuang phip nay, hp dfu cho ring day li mpt phuang phap mang l^i hifu qua tdt trc)ng giio dye chung irong do cd GDGT cho HS KTTT.
Ddi vdi mpt phuang phap die thii trong giio dye die bift
m TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO OIJC VIET NAM
nhu CCXH nhung d mdi trudng hda nhap cung da dupe bift dfn va ting dyng, mic dii ehi li so it nhung dd la tin hi?u ding mung cho cdng cupe giio due hda nhap danh cho HS khuyet tit ndi chung.
2.2.2. Cac yeu to in\\ hiJdng Sh hieu qua giao due gidi linh cho hoc sinh khuyet tat tri tu§ d Iraoing tilu hgc bang cau chuyen xa hai
Co nhifu yfu td tac dong den hieu qua GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 d trudng tifu hpe. Nhung yfu to va miie dp anh hudng ciia nd dupe PH va GV df cap den cu the nhu sau (xem Bing 3):
Qua Bang 3, ta cd thf thiy, eic yeu to tac dpng rat anh hirong dfn hifu qui GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 d trudng tifu hpc dupe GV va PH dinh gii cao nhat dd la: Miic dp khuyft tit cua HS ehifm 97. l%i (trong do rat anh hudng Ii 56% va 41% inh hudng), yeu td kha nang nhan thurc ciia HS KTTT dupe danh gii d miic dp anh hudng tdi hieu qua GDGT cho HS KTTT li 96.9% y kifn (59% cho ring rit anh hudng vi 38% anh hudng). Tiep dfn la cic yeu to anh hircmg khie nhu: Su phdi hop giiia cic luc luong khic, do diing vi phuang tifn day hpc, trinh dp chuyfn mon ciia GV, ngi dung GDGT va npi dung CCXH... dfu cd tic ddng anh hudng rat ldn den hifu qui GDGT cho HS (ehifm ti If trfn 70% y kien eho ring rat inh hudng vi inh hudng).
Da phan cic y kien ciia GV vi PH cho rang, yfu td it inh hucmg dfn GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 do la: Gidi tinh eiia HS (chiem 71% y kien eho rang yeu td nay inh hudng d muc trung binh, anh hudng it hoac khong inh hudng den hifu qua GDGT). Difu nay cd the li giii dupe rang, tuy moi gioi tinh mang mdi die difm phat trien khac nhau nhung trong GDGT chiing ta van can giao due cho cac em nhan thiic dupe ci vf gidi tinh ciia ban than ciing nhu gidi tinh
khac, tir dd cic em se co nhthig ki nang phii hop vdi gidi tmh ciia bin than va ddi vdi cac ban khac gidi. Hon niia, vdi nhimg thay ddi day thi tucmg img vdi moi gidi, cac em se deu dupe hpc cic ki nang xu li va giii quyft vin df theo gidi tinh ciia bin than muih gap phai. Vi du: Vdi ban gai se dupe hpe kl nang vf sinh khi co hien tucmg kinh nguyet cdn ban trai se hpc kT nang vdi hien tupng mdng tinh... Vi thf, tuy CO thf cac em co gidi_ tinh khac nhau nhung difu nay khong lam anh hudng nhifu dfn hieu qua cua GDGT.
2.2.3. NhOng thuan M va kho khan trong qua trinh sii dung cau chuyen xa hgi giao due gi^i tinh cho hgc sinh khuyet tat tri tue ldp 5 6 trifdng tieu hgc
a. Thudn lai
Qua khao sit, hiu hft GV cd nhan djnh vf thuan loi khi sir dung CCXH df GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 d tnrdng lieu hpc nhu: HS thf hifn su hiing thii va tap trung vio npi dung bai hpc khi GV dimg CCXH, cac npi dung truyln dat trong CCXH giiip cho HS dl hifu, ngudn CCXH df tim vi cd thf de dang df tu xay dung theo myc tieu vi npi dung eiia bai hpc, khi su dung bien phip CCXH ciing tuong ddi de dang trong viee ttch hop npi dung day vao cie mon hpc khac. Cu the (xem Bifu dd 3):
Rltthujnlcn Thujnf^ Binh t h i r ^ g (ithufnM Khflnstnu^n
Bieu dd 3: Nhihig thudn lai trong qud trinh GDGT thdng qua CCXH cho HS KTTT
9 Trinh iIO chuyfin mfln ciia GV 10 Hinh thilc td chitc hogt fl^ng GDGT
Bing 3: NhDng yiu td inh iiiTilng ten hieu qui GDGT thong
s n Vtnlo
1 Og tudi cua HS 2 Mile do khuyet t^t ciia HS 3 Khi nang nhin thtfc ciia HS 4 Gidi t(nh ciia HS 5 Npi dung GDGT 6 Ngi dung CCXH I Mil tnidng Idp hoc S Do diing, phifdng ti^n dgy hgc
Milclo Rai inh hlltng 5.9 55.9 58.8 2.9 8.8 5.9 2.9 5.9
qua CCXH cho HS K H T Itp 5 6 trujlng t i l u hpc
Anh huing 50.0 41.2 38.2 26 6 64.7 67.6 50.0 79.4
TB 35.3
2.9 50.0 20 6 20.6 44.1 14.7
it inh huing 8.8 2.9
14.7 2.9 2.9 2.9
Khong inh hifing
59 2.9 2.9
11 su phSi hop giOa cic luc lUDng khic 11.8
S619 Hiing 7/2019 107
NGHIEN CUU THUCTIEN GIAO DUC
Kft qua Bieu do 3 cho thiy sv thuin Igi khi sir dyng CCXH df GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 nhu sau:
Da so GV dfu cho rang CCXH khuyen khich su hiing thu cua HS KTTT rit thuan Ipi va thuan lai (37.5% y kifn cho ring rit thuan Ipi, 50% danh gia thuan Ipi 12.5% y kien thuan Ipi d muc dp trung binh), khong cd y kifn nio dinh gii khi su dyng CCXH df GDGT gap it thuin loi va khong thuin Ipi vdi yeu td hiing thii ciia HS KTTT.
Vdi mirc dp hifu ciia HS, y kifn GV cho rang khi sii dung CCXH se giiip cho HS KTTT thuin Ipi vi de dang trong vifc hieu cic npi dung bii hpc ndi chung va ndi dung GDGT noi neng, eu the cd 28% cho rang rat thuin loi khi giiip cho HS KTTT ghi nhd vi hieu npi dung bii hpc, 59.5% y kien thuan Ipi, 12.5% y kifn thuan ipi d miic dp Irung binh vi khdng cd y kien nao cho rang it thuin Ipi hoac khdng thuan Ipi trong viec su dung CCXH df giiip cho HS df hieu bai hpc.
Ve yeu td thuan Ipi trong viec xiy dung va tim kifm CCXH, cd 18.8% y kifn cho ring rit thuan loi, 43.8% danh gii thuin Ipi va 37.5 danh gia thuin Ipi d mire dp trung binh. Khdng cd y kien nao cho rang gap it thuan Ipi hay khd khin trong viec tim kiem vi xay dung CCXH.
53% y kien GV danh gii mite dp thuan lai vdi yeu td CCXH dl tich hop vao trong cac mdn hpc kliic, 9% y kifn cho rang rat thuin loi, 29% dinh gia thuin Ipi trung binh.
Trong dd ciing cd 9% y kien gap it thuan lai khi tich hpp CCXH vdi cac mon hpc khac.
b. Khd khdn
Thuc tf khao sit cho thay, viec sir dung CCXH trong giao due die bift ndi chung va GDGT cho HS KTTT noi rieng van cdn kha mdi me. Vi vay, de GV d cic trudng hda nhap CO chuyen mon hoae hieu rd ve CCXH vi iing dung dupe vao trong qui trinh giio due cho HS vin cdn nhieu bit cap, ca GV vi PH van con nhifu ban khoan, chua thuc su tin tudng de ip dung phucmg phap nay vao thuc te. Ngoii ra, GV ciing chia sf ho con gap nhifu khd khan khie khi thue hifn GDGT cho HS KTTT thdng qua CCXH nhu: Khi nang kem trong nhin thiic tu duy ciing nhu kT nang hinh vi d HS KTTT, difu kien co sd vat chit ehua dip ung dii, su phoi hpp ciia PH trong qui trinh giao due cho HS chua chat ehg, GV dang lung tiing trong viec thuc hifn iing yng CCXH df GDGT cho HS KTTT d trudng hda nhap... Isfhung khd khin dupe cic GV dinh gia nhu sau (xem Bieu do 4):
Ilif
Biiu dS 4 Nhimg kho khan gap phai trong qua trinh GDGT bang CCXH cho HS KTTT lap 5 a tnrong tiiu hoc
Da s6 y tciln deu ctio ring kha nang nhan thirc cua HS anh huong rit Ion dSn qua trinh GDGT: Co 47«ii danh gia rit kho khan khi day HS KTTT co kha nang nhan thuc kem.
44% y kiSn a miic do kho khan. 9% mirc do kho khin tnmg binh, khong co y kita nao cho ring kha nang nhan thuc kem ciia HS KTTT it gay kho khan hojc khong kho khan trong qua hinh GDGT cho HS.
Chuyen mon cung nhu ki nang ciia GV trong viec su dgrig CCXH dJ GDGT cho HS KTTT dupe G V danh gia da phan ho cung gap kho khan, vol GDGT la mgt chuong tnnh te nhi va CCXH con kha moi me d6i vol cac OV tieu hc?c... Vl vay, d6 tit ci GV hoa nhap tiSu hoc c6 dii chuyen mon cung nhu hiSu biSt v6 vice sir dung CCXH trong GDGT cho HS KTTT tai lop hien tai con nhiiu bat cap. So heu cho thiy, chi CO 6% y kidn gap il kho khan uong ki nang va chuyen mon ciia GV, 28% danh gia gap kho khan o mirc trung bmh, con lai c6 44% danh gia ho gap kho khan vcri yiu 16 niy vi 22% danh gia gap rit nhieu kho khan.
Mpt yiu t6 kho khan nua duQc GV xac nhin li su phdi hop cua cha me hong qua trinh giao due HS, 66% y kien cho ring hp kho khan voi su phii hpp ciia PH, 13% danh gia rit kho khan, 19% gap kho khan 0 mirc trung binh va chi CO 2% danh gia la it gap kho khan, khong co y kien nio danh gii yiu t6 ki nang cua GV khong gap kho khan din qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT bing CCXH.
Diiu kien co so vat chat thuc te ciia cic truimg tieu hoc Cling la mpt yeu to gap kho khan doi vcri viec sir dung CCXH nhim GDGT cho HS KTTT, 25% danh gii rit kho Ichan va co den 53% danh gii kho khan, chi co 16% kho khan hung binh va 6% gap it kho khan, khong co danh gii nao cho rang yeu to nay khong gay kho khan trong qui trinh GDGT bing CCXH.
Co rit nhieu y kien thu thap dupe tir GV cho ring hp da biit vi CCXH. Hp cung da thuc hi|n GDGT cho HS KTTT bing CCXH nhung hp cQng gap nhieu kho khan vcri viec sii dung CCXH di GDGT sao cho hieu qua trong moi trudng hoa nhap. 38% dinh gia mirc dp rat kho khan, 34% danh gii kho khan va chi co 3% cho rang it gap kho khan vi 25% g§p kho khan mirc dp trung binh.
Tom l^i, tir thuc trang nhirng y kiin cua GV, PH vi thuc trang GDGT cho HS KTTT lop 5 4 ttudng tiiu hpc h6a nhap cho thiy: Su cin thiit ciia GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 d tnrdng tiiu hpc, muc dp thuc hien GDGT d tnidng tiiu hpc va ve nhirng thuan Ipi cimg nhu khd khan g^p phii trong qua ttinh GDGT cho HS KTTT la rit co ban, toan dien, rd rang, cu the, phan anh diing vdi thuc tien GDGT hien nay ndi chung va GDGT cho HS KTTT Idp 5 ndi rieng. Day la nhirng co sd cin thiit, cd dp tin cay nhit dinh cho van di nghien cim vi GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 ndi rieng va HS khuyit tat ndi chung, dac biet y nghia cho viec nghien cira su dung phuong phap CCXH img dung vio qui ttinh GDGT cho HS KTTT.
3. Ket lu$n
HS KTTT ldp 5 hpc hda nhip o cic trudng tiiu hpc hien nay da dupe thuc hien GDOT Tuy nhien, vdi thuc ti hien nay, hieu qua ciia qua ttinh GDGT nay chua thuc su dupe dinh gia cao, d^c biet la hieu qua ddi vdi HS KTTT
I TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Vf phuang phip GDGT cho HS KTTT d trudng tifu hpe hoa nhip hien nay cimg di dupe GV va PH su dun^ nhifu phuong phip khae nhau. Trong do dupe su dung nhifu nhit la phuang phip dim thogi vi phuong phip giai quyet vin df, phuong phap CCXH ciing dupe su dung nhung mdi d mirc dp tmng bmh. Ngoai ra, cdn mpt sd phuong phip khic nhu phuang phap trd ehoi, tryc c^uan... Tat ci eic phuang phap nay thudng duoc sii dyng ket hap vdi nhau de GDGT cho HS mpt each linh hoat.
CCXH li mpt phucmg phip hrong doi mdi me vdi giao due hoa nhap nhung hien nay ciing di dugc sir dung tai cac tnrdng tieu hpc vio trong qui trinh giao due chung ndi chung vi GDGT cho HS KTTT ndi rieng.
Cic GV vi PH da bift each sir dung CCXH hpp li trong GDGT cho HS KTTT ldp 5 d trudng tifu hpe cua mmh, da s6 c6 y kifn dinh gia hieu qua cua phuong phip nay tuong doi cao.Tuy nhifn, vdi nhiing khich the khao sat chua biet hoiic chua bift each sii dyng hpp li CCXH df GDGT cho HS KTTT. Hp chua dupe dio tao ciing nhu chua thue su cd
chuyfn mon vf su dung CCXH df GDGT eho HS KTTT Cho nfn, hp cho rang phuang phip nay chua mang lai hieu qui cao trong qua trinh GDGT cho HS KTTT noi ehung vi cho HS KTTT ldp 5 ndi rieng d trudng tifu hpc hoa nhip.
Trong ldp hoa nhap, HS KTTT chua thuc su dupe quan tam trift df. Vi vay, cac bifn phip va hinh thiic td ehiic chua df cao muc tieu rieng danh cho HS KTTT mi ehii yfu mdi giii quyft dupe rauc lifu chung cho ca ldp. Di6u niy dupe minh ehiing bing cac bien phip va hinh thiie td chuc dupe GV chil nhiem uu tien nhifu nhit vin la bien phip chung vi hinh thiic td chiic chung toin Idp, it cd su h6 tro ei nhan rifng cho HS KTTT. GDGT cho HS noi chung va HS KTTT ndi rieng da duac thuc hifn tir ldp 5 d trudng tifu hpc, nhung theo y kifn PH thi phin nhifu hp dinh gia GDGT chua dupe thuc hien d trudng ti6u hpe. Viee nay chiing td su phdi hop giua GV va PH chua dupe chat che, din den PH cung khdng thuc su hinh dung dupe cic boat ddng hpc tap tren ldp ciia ehinh con em minh.
Til lifu tham kbao
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Irong cdc mon hgc d tiiu hgc - Tdi lieu ddnh cho gido vien Idp 1. 2. 3. 4, 5, NXB Giio dye Vift Nam.
[4] Mai Van Hung, (2014), Gido due giai tinh cho hgc sinh Irung hoc casd Hd Ngi phii hgp v&i ddc diim tuoi day thi hiinnay, mas601X-12/03-2014-2.
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[6] Patsie Frawleyl - Nathan J. Wilson 2, Young People with Intellectual Disability Talking About Sexuality Educa- tion and Information, Published online 15 October 2016, Spnnger Science+Business Media New York 2016 [7] Monika Parchomiuk, Model of Intellectual Disability
and the Relationship of Attitudes Towards the Sexualitv of Persons with an Intellectual Disability, The Author(s) 2012, This article is published wiih open access at Spnng- eriink.com
GENDER EDUCATION FOR INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES STUDENTS IN INCLUSIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN CAU GIAY DISTRICT, HANOI
Dao Thi Thu Thuy', Nguyen Thi Thanh^
' Email dtttiiuy@daifioclhu(lo.edu.vn ' Email [email protected] Hanoi Metropolitan University
9B Duong Quang Ham St Cau Giay, Hanoi. Vietnam
ABSTRACT: Gender education is important issue in the development of students in general, including students with intellectual disabilities. Gender education provides children with sufficient awareness, helping them lo control inappropriate gender behaviors and to form appropriate social relationships, especially during the puberty period. Intellectual disability students have special difficulties in awareness development, restricted their social and life skills. Method of sociai stories is an effective way for students with intellectual disabilities that is relatively popular in the world as well as in Vietnam. The work have investigated on 32 intellectual disability students at 5th grade in an inclusive elementary school in Cau Giay, Hanoi, among which 24 are boys and 8 are girls; on their teachers and parents. The evaluation have showed that all of parents and teachers are aware of the necessity of gender education for their children. However only 90.6% of teachers and 46.9% of parents have already made a gender education for their children and students, at the very average educational quality. A statistic analysis on how gender education for intellectual disability are going on in Cau Giay district has been made Several factors that affect on gender education quality are also mentioned, as well as advantage and disadvantage in educational methods under investigation.
KEYWORDS: Intellectual disabilities; gender education; social story.
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