PEMBAHASAN UMUM
SIMPULAN UMUM DAN SARAN Simpulan
Simpulan
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa diperoleh tiga isolat bakteri yang potensial dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati untuk pengendalian penyakit hawar pelepah padi, yaitu isolat SS19, TT47, dan BR2, dengan penekanan penyakit masing-masing 56,4%, 79,6%, dan 49,4%.
Karakterisasi terhadap biakan isolat SS19, TT47, dan BR2 diketahui bahwa ketiga isolat tidak bersifat fitotoksik, memproduksi sederofor, dan dapat melarutkan fosfat. Isolat SS19 danTT47 dapat menghasilkan enzim kitinase dan isolat BR2 tidak menghasilkan enzim kitinase. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi sekuens 16S rRNA, karakter morfologi, dan karakter biokimia maka isolat SS19, TT47, dan BR2 secara berturut-turut mirip dengan Serratia marcescens,
Ralstonia pickettii, dan Bacillus subtilis, dengan tingkat kemiripan masing-masing sebesar 96, 98, dan 99%.
Isolat R. pickettii TT47 dan B. subtilis BR2 menghasilkan senyawa metabolit yang bersifat anticendawan terhadap R. solani. Senyawa bioaktif anticendawan dalam biakan cair isolat R. pickettii TT47 dapat diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut heksan atau butanol dan dalam biakan cair isolat B. subtilis
BR2 dapat diekstrasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Nilai MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) ekstrak heksan R. pickettii TT47 dan ekstrak etil asetat
B. subtilis BR2 terhadap cendawan R. solani masing-masing sebesar 0,1 mg/l dan 10 mg/l. Kedua ekstrak tidak bersifat fitotoksik terhadap benih padi. Perbedaan konsentrasi kultur filtrat freeze dry dan ekstrak heksan R. pickettii TT47 atau ekstrak etil asetat B. subtilis BR2 memberikan penghambatan pertumbuhan R. solani yang berbeda-beda, dengan persentase penghambatan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh pemberian ekstrak heksan R. pickettii TT47 (86,3%) dan ekstrak etil asetat B. subtilis BR2 (77,8%). Senyawa antifungal yang aktif dalam filtrat biakan isolat TT47 dan BR2 relatif stabil pada kondisi asam, netral, dan basa tetapi cenderung menurun seiring dengan semakin tingginya perlakuan suhu yang diberikan.
Saran
Isolat bakteri S. marcescens SS19, R. pickettii TT47, dan B. subtilis BR2 yang telah terbukti dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit hawar pelepah padi dapat dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati, baik dalam bentuk kultur sel hidup maupun dalam bentuk senyawa bioaktif antifungal yang dihasilkannya.
Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan, khususnya untuk mengetahui jenis senyawa anticendawan yang dihasilkan oleh isolat bakteri R. pickettii TT47dan B. subtilis BR2.
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yang berasal dari berbagai lokasi
No Kode
isolat Sumber isolat
Ciri koloni
(bentuk, warna, pinggir, tekstur)
1. PC1 Tanaman padi, Cianjur Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
2. PI2 Tanaman padi, Indramayu Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
3. PC3 Tanaman padi, Cianjur Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
4. PG4 Tanaman padi, Garut Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
5. PG5 Tanaman padi, Garut Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
6. PK6 Tanaman padi, Karawang Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
7. PS7 Tanaman padi, Subang Bulat, putih, tidak rata, kering
8. PS8 Tanaman padi, Subang Bulat, putih, tidak rata, kering
9. PI9 Tanaman padi, Indramayu Bulat, putih, rata, halus
10. SS10 Tanah sawah, Subang Bulat, putih, rata, halus
11. SS11 Tanah sawah, Subang Bulat, kuning, rata, halus
12. SI12 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
13. PG13 Tanaman padi, Garut Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
14. SG14 Tanah sawah, Garut Bulat, kekuningan, rata, halus
15. PK15 Tanaman padi, Karawang Berfilamen, kekuningan, rata, halus
16. SC16 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
17. SS17 Tanah sawah, Subang Berfilamen, putih bag belakang kuning
18. SS18 Tanah sawah, Subang Berfilamen, putih kusam, rata
19. SS19 Tanah sawah, Subang Berfilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata
20. SI20 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
21. SI21 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfiamen, putih kusam, rata, halus
22. SI22 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kusam, rata, halus
23. SI23 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kusam, rata, halus
24. SI24 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kusam, tak rata, halus
25. SI25 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kusam, rata, halus
26. SI26 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kusam, tak rata, halus
27. SK27 Tanah sawah, Karawang Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
28. SK28 Tanah sawah, Karawang Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
29. SK29 Tanah sawah, Karawang Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
30. SK30 Tanah sawah, Karawang Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
31. SK31 Tanah sawah, Karawang Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
32. SC32 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, putih kusam, rata, halus
33. SC33 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, putih, rata, halus
34. SC34 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, kekuningan, rata, halus
35. SC35 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfiamen, kekuningan, rata, halus
36. SC36 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
37. SC37 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
38. SG38 Tanah sawah, Garut Berfilamen, putih, filamentous, kering
39. SG39 Tanah sawah, Garut Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
40. SG40 Tanah sawah, Garut Berfilamen, kuning kemerahan, kering
41. SG41 Tanah sawah, Garut Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata
42. SI42 Tanah sawah, Indramayu Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
43. SC43 Tanah sawah, Cianjur Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
44. SK44 Tanah sawah, Karawang Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, rata
46. TT46 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Berfilamen, kuning buludru, kering
47. TT47 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kapas, rata, kering
48. TB48 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, kekuningan, rata, halus
49. TB49 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, kekuningan, rata, halus
50. TB50 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, kekuningan, rata, halus
51. AB51 Air kolam, Bogor Bulat, putih kuning tua, rata, halus
52. TB52 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih kapas, rata, kering
53. TB53 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, kecoklatan, rata, kering
54. TB54 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
55. TB55 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, putih kusam, rata, berlendir
56. TB56 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, putih kusam, rata, halus
57. TB57 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
58. TB58 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat besar, putih, tak rata, halus
59. TB59 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Tidak beraturan, putih, tak rata, halus
60. TB60 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih kapas, tdk rata
61. TB61 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, tidak rata
62. TB62 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih dgn bag tengah hijau
63. TB63 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih kapas, tidak rata
64. TB64 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih kekuningan, tidak rata
65. TB65 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Berfilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
66. TB66 Tanah tegalan, Bogor Bulat kecil, putih kekuningan, rata, halus
67. AST67 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih, tidak rata, kering
68. AST68 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kapas, tidak rata, kering
69. AST69 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Bulat, putih kusam, rata, berlendir
70. TT70 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Bulat, putih kusam, rata, kering
71. TT71 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Bulat besar, putih kusam, rata
72. ASR72 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih kapas, tidak rata, kering
73. ASR73 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
74. ASR74 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata, tipis
75. ASR75 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Bulat, putih kusam, rata, berlendir
76. ASR76 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
77. ASR77 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
78. ASR78 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih , tengah coklat, kering
79. ASR79 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, kekuningan, tidak rata, kering
80. ASR80 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
81. ASR81 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih, tidak rata, kering
82. ASR82 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih kapas, tidak rata, kering
83. ASR83 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih, bag tengah hijau, kering
84. TT84 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Bulat, ungu, rata, kering
85. ASR85 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Bulat, putih, kering
86. ASR86 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Berfilamen, putih, kering
87. ASR87 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Bulat, putih kusam, rata, berlendir
88. TT88 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
89. TT89 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Bulat, hijau keputihan, kering
90. AST90 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih, kering
91. SR91 Tanah sawah, Rengat Bulat, putih kusam, rata
92. SR92 Tanah sawah, Rengat Bulat, putih kusam, rata
93. AST93 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Bulat, putih, rata, halus
94. ASS94 Tanah aliran sungai, Rengat Bulat, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
95. TK95 Tanah tegalan, Kampar Bulat, putih kusam, tidak rata, kering
97. AST97 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Bulat, putih kusam, rata, kering
98. ASP98 Tanah aliran sungai, Pekanbaru Bulat, putih kusam, rata, kering
99. ASP99 Tanah aliran sungai, Pekanbaru Bulat, putih kusam, rata, kering
100. TP100 Tanah tegalan, Pekanbaru Bulat, putih, rata, halus
101. TP101 Tanah tegalan, Pekanbaru Bulat, putih, rata rata, halus
102. TK102 Tanah tegalan, Kampar Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
103. TK103 Tanah tegalan, Kampar Berfilamen, kekuningan, kering
104. AST104 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kusam, tipis, kering
105. AST105 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kusam, tipis, rata
106. AST106 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen bag tengah tebal, putih kusam
107. AST107 Tanah aliran sungai, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kusam, tipis, rata
108. TT108 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kapas, tebal
109. TT109 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih dg hijau ditengah, kering
110. TT110 Tanah tegalan, Tembilahan Berfilamen, putih kapas, rata, kering
111. ASP111 Tanah aliran sungai, Pekanbaru Berfilamen, kekuningan, kering
112. ASP112 Tanah aliran sungai, Pekanbaru Berfilamen, putih kapas, rata, kering
113. ASP113 Tanah aliran sungai, Pekanbaru Berfilamen, kekuningan, kering
114. TP114 Tanah tegalan, Pekanbaru Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
115. TP115 Tanah tegalan, Pekanbaru Berfilamen, putih kusam, kering
116. SSi116 Tanah sawah, Siak Berfilamen, putih kusam, rata