Number one on the minds of the Louisiana sugar industry is the development of new varieties. As you know, historically the general practice of the Florida industry has been to cut sugar cane by hand.
PEER REFEREED
AGRICULTURAL SECTION
The interaction resulted from the differential effect of glyphosate treatment in plant cane on regrowth (ratooning) of the three cultivars (Tables 1 and 2). Differential effect of glyphosate treatments at plant cane maturity on population and yield of cultivars in the first ratoon crop (Experiment 1). In the undrained survey, the groundwater table was within 12 inches of the soil surface on an average of 49.4 days during the nine years that groundwater measurements were taken (Table 1).
The two parameters that determine the sugar yield are the cane biomass and the sugar concentration in the sugar cane. Furthermore, of the three cultivars evaluated, LCP 82-89 emerges the slowest in spring. A goal of the RSD screening program was to begin screening as early in the programs as possible.
This is one of the RSD-resistant clones selected in the initial RSD genetic test (Miller, et al. 1995). Their relative ranking of cane yield was higher in ratoon than in cane culture. Nine other cultivars yielded significantly more cane Mg ha-1 than CP 80-1743 in the cane crop.
In the Okeelant succession trial, cane yields of CP 82-1592 and CP 80-1827 were similar in the plant cane and first ratoon crops (Table 6). In plant cane yield, CP 70-1133 yielded significantly more cane Mg ha-1 than the seven other cultivars.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
SECTION
In this study, the severity factor concept (Focher, 1991) and its modified form (Collier, 1992) were further adapted to account for the effects of mixing and steam explosions. The explosive decompression forced the shell out of the reactor through the discharge valve and into the atmosphere. The effects of delignification and steam explosion conditions on the sugarcane husks were analyzed by characterizing the extracted fibers.
The Boy reactor was again used to study the effect of crustal motion modification. It was estimated by relating the amount of lignin removed to the natural logarithm of the severity factor (Collier, 1992). Each batch was subjected to treatment with 0.1 N alkaline solution without stirring and by steam explosion.
The effects of oscillatory mixing and steam explosion on crust delignification and fiber bundle separation were evaluated by a modified form of the severity factor correlation.
NOTES MANUFACTURING
P. Grisham
Among the cultivars recommended for planting in Louisiana at the time industry leaf blight was discovered in 1992, three were considered susceptible, four moderately susceptible, and two resistant. Until more resistant and well-adapted cultivars are developed, leaf blight on susceptible and moderately susceptible cultivars can be managed through clean seed cane programs. A long-term cold soak hot water treatment (CS-LHWT) has been shown to be effective in ridding cane of leaf scorch bacteria seed in Australia.
The present study was initiated to determine the effect of CS-LHWT on nine recommended Louisiana cultivars. The results of a test of the effectiveness of CS-LHWT to control leaf scorch are inconclusive. Our research was conducted to determine whether composted municipal waste, provided by Bedminster Bioconversion Corporation, could be used to increase sugarcane yields and reduce the need for inorganic fertilizers.
2,010 pounds/A); and 3) application of the recommended dose of commercial fertilizer, where compost was previously applied (semi-banded under cane during planting), resulted in a positive synergistic effect on sugarcane yields.
L. Legendre
Asulox was applied at 4 quarts/acre as a single treatment over 5 days from April 24, May 16, or June 12 and as a sequential treatment on April 24 followed by June 12 on ratoon CP 65-357 and CP 70 -321 sugarcane infected with Johnsongrass rhizome. Visual assessments of johnsongrass control made 4 weeks after treatment ranged between 64 and 86% as the average of the two studies, with control being lowest when Asulox was applied only in June. The gross yields of green cane CP 70-321 were higher than the weed control only with consecutive application of Asulox (43%) or single treatment in April (38%).
Green sugarcane fiber content was reduced by 2.3 (CP 65-357) and 6.1 (CP 70-321) points when Asulox was applied as a sequential treatment. Similar reductions were observed when single applications of Asulox were made in April or May. Reductions in fiber content due to treatment with Asulox were offset in CP 65-357 by a 0.8% decrease in sucrose when Asulox was applied in May and as a sequential treatment. As a result, TRS values were similar to the weed control when Asulox was applied to CP 65-357, but higher when Asulox was applied to CP 70-321 in April and May.
Green cane gross sugar yield was highest when Asulox was applied as a sequential treatment in both studies with yield increases of 3200 pounds/acre (78%) and 1800 pounds/acre (50%) over the weed control recorded for CP 65- 357 and CP 70-321, respectively.
E. Reagan
Improving cold tolerance for sugarcane would support sustainable productivity of this crop in cooler regions and prevent losses in the Everglades Agricultural Area after severe freezes. Cold tolerance of sugarcane can be divided into three categories: (1) resistance of leaves and buds to frost damage under relatively mild freezing temperatures (0 to -3.3°C); (2) stem resistance to freezing and subsequent deterioration at moderate freezing temperatures (-3.9 to - 5.6°C); and (3) the ability to regenerate after severe winters (below -5.6°C). Measurements of cold tolerance were based on estimates of green leaf area after freezing.
Stem samples were also taken to measure fiber content and juice quality to determine their possible relationship to cold tolerance. The frequency distribution of cold tolerance ratings appeared to be normal among clones selected under relatively light freezing, but the frequency distribution was skewed toward the highest cold tolerance rating. A significant interaction between clones and environments suggested that selection for cold tolerance should be based on tests in several locations and/or over several years.
Statistical evaluation of sugarcane response to low temperature stress should improve the efficiency of selection for cold tolerance in sugarcane.
E. Irvine
Studies are underway to evaluate combinations of Gramoxone Extra with Sencor or Sinbar applied in the spring for bermudagrass control. The final phase of the program, field testing of varieties, aims to evaluate candidate varieties in key geographic areas of the sugarcane belt by comparing them with commercially grown control varieties. The extensive use of the results in the field dictates that this phase of the Louisiana Sugarcane Variety Development Program should be conducted in a manner that provides the maximum amount of useful data.
Ribosomal RNA gene sequences and the spacer regions between them. The specificity of the primers was tested against several plant pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria commonly found in nature. We have cloned DNA fragments that complement albicidin production in isolates of the bacterium where albicidin production has been blocked by Tn5 mutagenesis.
In preliminary PCR tests with the oligonucleotide primers, the expected 664 bp DNA product was obtained for all five strains of the pathogen tested.
L. Anderson University of Florida
Results are presented regarding the influence of various factors on stem populations, stem biomass and sucrose. But there is a fundamental element that is left in the hands of the factory staff that has a tremendous impact on the overall results. The system has been designed to maintain the pre-set flotation of the top roller, regardless of the grind level.
This system proved to be successful in monitoring the operation of the two plants tested. Then we must agree that investing in automation of the grinding train only makes sense. Therefore, the first step of performance optimization is to assess the performance found.
They are useful because the constant torque of a mill or turbine implies a horizontal line parallel to the abscissa axes.
Saska
The editorial committee will consist of the general editor, the technical editor of the agricultural department and the technical editor of the production department. When a paper is returned by reviewers, the Technical Editor reviews the paper and the reviewers' recommendations. The article registration form is completed and returned to the Editor-in-Chief, along with copies of the reviewers' statements and a copy of the Technical Editor's letter to the author.
The papers are sent by the Technical Editor to the Managing Editor who informs the authors of this fact and of the probable dates of publication. Papers sent by the Technical Editor to the Managing Editor are prepared for print according to their dates of original submission and final approval and according to the space available in the next issue of the Journal. RULES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PAPERS TO BE PRINTED IN THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR CANE TECHNOLOGISTS.
Drawings and photographs must be provided separately from the text of the manuscript and identified on the back of each.
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