GBRMPA ELibrary: COT Newsletter No. 08

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NOILLORS HOUVUSall aNDIVIAI

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EDITORIAL

SELLING AN IMAGE Tourism in the Maldives is based on an image.

The image is one of palm fringed coral sand islands, and clear blue waters... an 'unspoilt' place to relax away from the stress and prob-

lems of the industrialised world. Yellow, blue, and green are the colours of this

image. Sun, sand, and sea, form the frame. Backing all this are the facilities that are needed to allow the tourist to relax in comfort. All these elements are needed to sell this image and a shortfall in any one of the elements reduces the appeal of the product and the size of the potential consumer market. Looking for, and finding, ways of remedying possible shortfalls in some of these elements

are two reasons for holding the 'Dive and Resort Operators Workshop' on the 18th

of October 1990. The theme for the workshop is "Health of the

environment - Safety of the Diver : two sides of the same coin". Whilst the title is rather long it embodies the theme of this editorial.. namely that the Tourism Industry in the

Maldives requires that environmental

health be maintained and that services, in- cluding those associated with diver safety, be

enhanced.

Effective environmental health and safety practices require hard work and good man- agement. If the participants think otherwise then they would be better advised not to at- tend the workshop but to relax and enjoy one of their own holidays whilst the holiday is still

worth taking.

NEWS FROM LOCAL ISLANDS A total of 54 islands were visited in atolls to the south of Male' between the 14th of August and the 4th September 1990 (table 1). The reasons for the trip were to see the condition of the reefs, check them for COT, and examine the islands for problems of

beach erosion.

TABLE 1. SUMMARY, BY ATOLL, OF ISLANDS VISITED BETWEEN THE 14TH OF AUGUST AND TIIE 4TH OF

SEPTEMBER 1990.

ATOLL [MIA- BITED UNINH- ABITED RESORT STORE OTHER FUEL TOTAL

Ari Faaf

Dhaal V aav1 Meem Than Laam Galt Alif Gaaf Dhaal

3 3

3 4

4 3 2

41

11 2

5

6 5

11

4 1

1 1

1

8 10

5 5

9 2

5 6

Total 27 212

1 3

54 REEF CONDITION

The workshop gives an opportunity for a wide section of the Tourism Industry to discuss, and comment on, these issues and to make recommendations for improvements. It is a chance for the Industry to collectively

`get-its-act-together' and come to some sort of a consensus about the important issues that need to be addressed in the coming year. The workshop can provide an opportunity for self congratulation on the increasing number of tourists arriving in the Maldives. However it should always be remembered that environmental health and safety in the Maldives are not everlasting features that magically manage themselves. The Industry cannot afford to believe its own advertising

`hype' and leave everything to 'nature'.

Many of the reef tops, even around remote and uninhabited islands, showed some evidence of coral mining. Areas that were not mined were in very variable condition. There was no evidence to suggest that this variability was due to pollution. What is more likely is that the variability reflects different stages of recovery from natural stress such as storms, extreme low tides, and COT infesta- tions. Reef areas that have just faced these stresses are mostly dead whilst others will continue to be covered in healthy coral until they, in turn, go through some natural stress

that damages them.

If reefs in Maldives are subject to consider- able natural stress it makes it doubly important to try to make sure that they are

subjected to the minimum of additional stress from human activities. Additional stress may slow, or prevent, the natural

recovery cycle.

COT No COT plagues were identified on the trip

(table 2). However, it is a cause for concern that all the reefs that were examined in Gaaf Dhaal had COT. 48 COT were seen in one hour on the house reef of Gaaf Dhaal Kan- dahalagala. This is well on the way to the numbers reported for some sites in North

Male' Atoll (see the June Newsletter - Ed).

TABLE 2. INCIDENCE OF COT AT 37 SITES IN 8 ATOLLS VISITED DURING AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER 1990.

ATOLL NUMBER

OF SITES SITES

COT SEEN NUMBER

OF COT SEEN/HR

5 Ari

0 0,

Faaf 4

9 1

Dhaal

0 7

0

Meem

0 1

0

Thaa 4

0 0

Laam

0 4

0

Gaaf Alif 6 4 1, 1, 1, 2

Goof Dhaal 6

1, 1, 2, 3, 3,48 6

Total

11 37

The fact that Gaaf Dhaal is subject to rela-

tively low levels of human impact, but has

COT, may be further evidence that COT

plagues are natural events.

BEACH EROSION Both inhabited and uninhabited islands

showed beach erosion. Some of this erosion, particularly on inhabited islands, is caused because sand has been taken from the beach for construction. The solution to this prob- lem is to suggest alternative sources of sand and, if necessary, replace the sand that has been removed from the beach from these

sources.

It is also evident that many islands go through a natural cycle of beach erosion and build-up associated with the monsoons and occasional storm events. This provides jus- tification for not over-reacting to beach

erosion by building groynes and seawalls but to accommodate this natural movement by building on piles near the shore (see the

August newsletter - Ed).

Beach erosion only appears to be of signifi- cance to local islands where population den-

sities are high (Resorts are not allowed on islands with existing Maldivian communities

- Ed). The islanders response is to build a seawall and there are some local islands with

virtually no remaining natural beach. Indeed these islands are planning to go still further and claim land from the lagoon to house their

expanding populations.

GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CON-

CERNS Few of the local islanders we talked to

reported any environmental problems.

Various pests were a common source of irritation. Apart from these pests there were actual and potential environmental problems in plenty. The lack of local aware- ness and local concern about these problems should not be taken as an excuse for inaction.

However, remedies must go hand-in-hand with education and encourage community in- volvement or they will be ineffective.

FRIGATE BIRDS We were extremely fortunate to visit one of

the two main frigate bird roosting islands in the Maldives. The birds are reported to nest further south in the Indian Ocean British

Trust Territory of Diego Garcia.

Unfortunately our arrival happened to co-

incide with an overnight camping expedition

by boys from a local school. The boys and their teachers visit the island every couple of months and stay overnight. During this time they catch twenty or thirty roosting birds and

make a feast of them.

We suggested to the Ifeadmaster that he ask his pupils to write an essay on whether killing these birds was the right thing to do. The birds might eventually stop coming, or worse

(2)

samprew Jo ouqnclaH

GNV SHIIIHHSId AO A1LLSINIW NOILLORS HOUVUSall aNDIVIAI

SMIN 103

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NOI133S

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tc£ :0N *D 2I

.(pg - uonnpodwl enonn jou op 'Janda-my

`sapiunoa use sariani wo.ij apetu squaw

-truao tinoto pailodxa aq louuso sllatis allanl aiotim •sdoqs ui pateidsip ao Nos aq 30111.1139 saparti. paljnis -iaaj g/T g uin ssal tplua!

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of until Nsu of sn paidumad 2uppoo "pin u! sna apan3.2u!sn aaam How tuutclAuqi u!

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-ap U 2u1Iluisur alojaq `aapaq Lam-tuns III

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'05.11303 trial ao auu oc4 aau supra

ail aaatim tiavaq s aq £18111 llnsaa atu, luAt lua.iajgp s Lii qairaq ail uo pulls jo sure 11343

vos OS pus A2.101.10 OABAA. aro amnia Him Jai.

-um3tuaaq 043 kilo tuaiqoad ago °mu st aaaqj,

EDITORIAL

SELLING AN IMAGE

Tourism in the Maldives is based on an image.

The image is one of palm fringed coral sand islands, and clear blue waters... an 'unspoilt' place to relax away from the stress and problems of the industrialised world.

Yellow, blue, and green are the colours of this image. Sun, sand, and sea, form the frame.

Backing all this are the facilities that are needed to allow the tourist to relax in comfort.

All these elements are needed to sell this image and a shortfall in any one of the elements reduces the appeal of the product and the size of the potential consumer market.

Looking for, and finding, ways of remedying possible shortfalls in some of these elements are two reasons for holding the 'Dive and Resort Operators Workshop' on the 18th of October 1990.

The theme for the workshop is "Health of the environment - Safety of the Diver : two sides of the same coin". Whilst the title is rather long it embodies the theme of this editorial..

namely that the Tourism Industry in the

Maldives requires that environmental

health be maintained and that services, in- cluding those associated with diver safety, be enhanced.

Effective environmental health and safety practices require hard work and good man- agement. If the participants think otherwise then they would be better advised not to at- tend the workshop but to relax and enjoy one of their own holidays whilst the holiday is still worth taking.

NEWS FROM LOCAL ISLANDS A total of 54 islands were visited in atolls to the south of Male' between the 14th of August and the 4th September 1990 (table 1). The reasons for the trip were to see the condition of the reefs, check them for COT, and examine the islands for problems of beach erosion.

TABLE 1. SUMMARY, BY ATOLL, OF ISLANDS VISITED BETWEEN THE 14TH OF AUGUST AND TIIE 4TH OF SEPTEMBER 1990.

ATOLL [MIA-

BITED UNINH-

ABITED RESORT

STORE OTHER FUEL TOTAL

Ari Faaf

Dhaal V aav1 Meem Than Laam Galt Alif Gaaf Dhaal

3 3

3 4

2 41

11 2

5

6 5

11

1 4

1 1

1

10 8

5 5

9 2

5 6

Total 27 212 3 1 54

REEF CONDITION The workshop gives an opportunity for a

wide section of the Tourism Industry to discuss, and comment on, these issues and to make recommendations for improvements.

It is a chance for the Industry to collectively

`get-its-act-together' and come to some sort of a consensus about the important issues that need to be addressed in the coming year.

The workshop can provide an opportunity for self congratulation on the increasing number of tourists arriving in the Maldives.

However it should always be remembered that environmental health and safety in the Maldives are not everlasting features that magically manage themselves. The Industry cannot afford to believe its own advertising

`hype' and leave everything to 'nature'.

Many of the reef tops, even around remote and uninhabited islands, showed some evidence of coral mining. Areas that were not mined were in very variable condition. There was no evidence to suggest that this variability was due to pollution. What is more likely is that the variability reflects different stages of recovery from natural stress such as storms, extreme low tides, and COT infesta- tions. Reef areas that have just faced these stresses are mostly dead whilst others will continue to be covered in healthy coral until they, in turn, go through some natural stress that damages them.

If reefs in Maldives are subject to consider- able natural stress it makes it doubly important to try to make sure that they are

subjected to the minimum of additional stress from human activities. Additional stress may slow, or prevent, the natural recovery cycle.

COT

No COT plagues were identified on the trip (table 2). However, it is a cause for concern that all the reefs that were examined in Gaaf Dhaal had COT. 48 COT were seen in one hour on the house reef of Gaaf Dhaal Kan- dahalagala. This is well on the way to the numbers reported for some sites in North Male' Atoll (see the June Newsletter - Ed).

TABLE 2. INCIDENCE OF COT AT 37 SITES IN 8 ATOLLS VISITED DURING AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER 1990.

ATOLL NUMBER

OF SITES

SITES COT SEEN

NUMBER OF COT SEEN/HR

Ari 5 0, 0

Faaf 4 1 9

Dhaal 7 0 0

Meem 1 0 0

Thaa 4 0 0

Laam 4 0 0

Gaaf Alif 6 4 1, 1, 1, 2

Goof Dhaal 6 6 1, 1, 2, 3, 3,48

Total 37 11

The fact that Gaaf Dhaal is subject to rela- tively low levels of human impact, but has COT, may be further evidence that COT plagues are natural events.

BEACH EROSION

Both inhabited and uninhabited islands showed beach erosion. Some of this erosion, particularly on inhabited islands, is caused because sand has been taken from the beach for construction. The solution to this prob- lem is to suggest alternative sources of sand and, if necessary, replace the sand that has been removed from the beach from these sources.

It is also evident that many islands go through a natural cycle of beach erosion and build-up associated with the monsoons and occasional storm events. This provides jus- tification for not over-reacting to beach

erosion by building groynes and seawalls but to accommodate this natural movement by building on piles near the shore (see the August newsletter - Ed).

Beach erosion only appears to be of signifi- cance to local islands where population den- sities are high (Resorts are not allowed on islands with existing Maldivian communities - Ed). The islanders response is to build a seawall and there are some local islands with virtually no remaining natural beach. Indeed these islands are planning to go still further and claim land from the lagoon to house their expanding populations.

GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CON- CERNS

Few of the local islanders we talked to reported any environmental problems.

Various pests were a common source of irritation. Apart from these pests there were actual and potential environmental problems in plenty. The lack of local aware- ness and local concern about these problems should not be taken as an excuse for inaction.

However, remedies must go hand-in-hand with education and encourage community in- volvement or they will be ineffective.

FRIGATE BIRDS

We were extremely fortunate to visit one of the two main frigate bird roosting islands in the Maldives. The birds are reported to nest further south in the Indian Ocean British Trust Territory of Diego Garcia.

Unfortunately our arrival happened to co- incide with an overnight camping expedition by boys from a local school. The boys and their teachers visit the island every couple of months and stay overnight. During this time they catch twenty or thirty roosting birds and make a feast of them.

We suggested to the Ifeadmaster that he ask his pupils to write an essay on whether killing these birds was the right thing to do. The birds might eventually stop coming, or worse

(3)

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