ABSTRACT
Ningrum, Arie Wahyu. Registration Number: 81326112003. Politeness Strategies Of Five Years Old Children. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program. Post Graduate Program. State University of Medan. 2016.
ABSTRAK
Ningrum, Arie Wahyu. NIM: 81326112003. Strategi Kesopanan Berbahasa oleh Anak Usia Lima Tahun. Tesis. Program Studi Lingusitik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan.2016.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the writer would like to thank Allah SWT, the most gracious and the most merciful for blessing her to write this thesis. This study is concerned with politeness strategies of five years old children. It is submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program of the Postgraduate School, the State University of Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Humaniora. In particular, the writer would like to address her deep thankfulness to the Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd, her first Advise for her time spent in guiding, correcting and supporting her to complete this thesis, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S, her second Adviser for her super attention in giving the support, suggestion, comments and ideas from the beginning of writing of this thesis until the present. The writer also expresses her great gratitude to Dr. Rahmad Husein, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S, and Farid Ma’ruf, Head, Secretary and Staff of the English Applied Linguistics Study Program for their assistance in completing the administrative procedures. She is deeply grateful to all the lecturers who have given the valuable knowledge and experiences during her study in this university. Special thanks are expressed to her examiners: Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum and Dr. I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas, M.Hum for their criticisms and suggestion in improving this thesis.
she finished her second study in the university. Her beloved sister and her husband, Vera Werdaningsih, A.Ma and Kopda Tekad Gunarso, and also Her beloved sister and husband Nurkholika and Sukirman, thanks for the great spirit for her to finish her study well. And to her lovely niece Haura Zalfa Arindha and Queen Asyitta Zarqa and also her handsome nephew Quthbi Athifal Azrie, thanks to give your aunty the funny and cheer spirit.
Thanks to the Head of Khairin Education Centre, Dra. Hj. Murni, M.A and H. Burhanuddin, S.H, M.H and also as her parents, thanks for the big attention on her, always give her support and advice as long as finish this thesis. And her partner, her best friend Khairina Ramadhani Lubis, S.Pd.I, M.Hum, thanks to always be her partner, and it is the time they get the Master degree. All of the educators of PAUD Khairin Kids (Nita, Omi, Linda, Novi, Asma, Ria, Lita, Dwi, Lila, Maya and Shishi) thanks for all the understanding her during finished this study.
Finally, she would like to thank to all friends in English Applied Linguistics Study Program B1 2013, all her sisters in boarding house (Syam, Ririn, Puri, Lailan, Rizky and Indah), and all her friends who cannot be mentioned here for giving the valuable support in finishing this thesis. May Allah SWT always bless us.
Medan, 10 March 2016
Arie Wahyu Ningrum
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ………. i
ABSTRAK ……… ii
ACKNOWWLEDGEMENT ……… iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ……… v
LIST OF TABLES ……… vii
LIST OF FIGURE ……… viii
LIST OF APPENDIXES ……….. ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……… 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ……… 1
1.2 The Problems of the Study ……… 6
1.3 The Objectives of the Study ……… 7
1.4 The Scope of the Study ……… 7
1.5 The Significance of the Study ……… 7
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……… 9
A. Theoretical Framework ……… 9
2.1 The Nature of Pragmatics ……….. 9
2.2 Conversational Analysis ………. 11
2.3 Children of Five Years Old ……… 13
2.4 Cognitive Developmental of Five Years Old……… 16
2.5 Psychosocial Developmental of Five Years Old ……….. 18
2.6 Politeness ………. 19
2.7 Politeness Strategies ………. 21
2.8 Types of Politeness Strategies ………. 24
2.8.1 Bald on Record Strategy ……….. 25
2.8.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ……….. 28
2.8.3 Negative Politeness Strategy ……….. 29
2.8.4 Off – Record Strategy ………... 31
2.9 Speech Act and Theory Request ……… 32
2.10 The Process of Politeness Strategies ……… 34
2.10.1. Directive Request (Impossitives) ……… 35
2.10.1.1 Imperatives Request ……… 35
2.10.1.2 Interrogatives Request ……… 36
2.10.1.3 Declaratives Request ……… 36
2.10.2 Indirect Request ……… 37
2.10.2.1 Conventionally Indirect ……… 38
B. Relevance of the Studies ……… 40
C. Conceptual Framework ……… 41
CHAPTER III THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……… 43
3.1 Research Design ……… 43
3.2 The Subjects of the Study ………. 43
3.3 The Instrument of Data Collection ………. 44
3.4 The Technique of Data Collection ………. 44
3.5 The Trustworthiness of the Study ………. 45
3.6 The Technique of Data Analysis ……….. 46
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION ……….. 49
A. The Data Analysis………. 49
4.1 Types of Politeness Strategies used By Children of Five Years Old in Request Something ………. 48
4.1.1 Bald On Record Strategy……… 51
4.1.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ………..……… 60
4.1.3 Negative Politeness Strategy ……… ………. 64
4.1.4 Off Record Strategy ………..……… 69
4.1.5 Adult Suggestion ……… 73
4.2 The Process of Politeness Strategy in Request Something……….. 76
4.2.1. Directive Request (Impossitives)……… 77
4.2.1.1 Imperatives Request ……… 77
4.2.1.2 Interrogatives Request ……… 79
4.2.1.3 Declaratives Request ……… 80
4.2.2 Indirect Request ……… 78
4.2.2.1 Conventionally Indirect ……… 82
4.2.2.2 Non-conventional Indirect ……… 84
4.3 The Reasons of Using Politeness Strategy in Request Something……. 86
4.3.1 Cognitive Development of Children of five year old…………. 86
4.3.2 Psychosocial Developmental of Children of Five Years old…… 88
B. Findings ………... 90
C. Discussion ……….. 91
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………. 93
A. Conclusions ……… 93
B. Suggestion ……… 93
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. The Occurrence of Politeness Strategies in Request something Used by Student
to Student of Five Years Old ……… 50
Table 2. The Occurrence of Politeness Strategies
in Request something Used by Student to Teacher ……… 51
Table.3 The Occurrence Of Process of Politeness
LIST OF FIGURE
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1. Politeness Strategies Produced by Children
of Five Years Old ……….. 98 Appendix 2. Politeness Strategies in Requesting Something
Produced by The First Subject ……… 108 Appendix 3. Politeness Strategies in Requesting Something
Produced by The Second Subject ……… 110 Appendix 4. Politeness Strategies in Requesting Something
Produced by The Third Subject ………. 112 Appendix 5. Politeness Strategies in Requesting Something
Produced by The Fourth Subject ……….. 114 Appendix 6. Politeness Strategies in Requesting Something
Produced by The Fifth Subject ………. 115 Appendix 7. The Process of Using Politeness Strategies
of Requesting Something ……… 116 Appendix 8. The Utterances of Politeness Strategies
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
A.Conclusions
After analyzing the data, the conclusions were stated as follows:
1. The children of five years old in PAUD Khairin Kids Medan were used
all types of politeness strategies in request something, they were, bald on
record; positive politeness; negative politeness, and off record strategy.
And the dominant type of politeness strategy used was bald on record.
2. The children of five year old used directive ways and indirective request
in producing politeness strategy.
3. There are two reasons of children used politeness strategies when they
want to request something, but for this research, the children of five years
old have a reason why they used politeness strategies, one of them
because their cognitive have been developed, besides it, their
psychosocial also grow up and help them used more various way in
request something.
B.Suggestions
Based on the conclusion stated above, this research has some suggestions to the readers, such as
1. It is suggested to parent as the first teacher at home to guide the children of
five years old politeness strategies in order to make them acquire and
up, but they should be taught about many things include how to used
politeness strategies especially in request someone to do something.
2. In order to their capability in using politeness strategies, teacher also have a
big role to help them in using politeness in request something, it’s because
they are still early learner so they need a guide to apply their understanding
about politeness strategies.
3. In relation with the findings of this research, it will be very interest if the
others people will find another reason why children of five years are using
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