Blood Metabolite statues and immune respone of indigenous sheep related to saponin intake

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SAADC20I

l.

2011.

Strategies and Challenges

for

Sustainable

AnimatAgriculture

-

crop

Systems:Volume

III:

Proceeding.

844

pages.

First

Edition:

700

copies

Year

20Il

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Ltd.

312

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of Reviewers

(cont.)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Komsan Amnueysit

Assoc. Profl Dr. Panrapee Amnueysit

Assist. Prof Dr, Warisa Sintaweewarkul

Assist. Prof. Dr. Thanongsak Mamom

Assist. Prof. Phinidda Cha-umphol

Dr. Jamlong Mitchaothai

Assist. Prof. Dr. Walaipom Tonpitak

Dr. Pongsiwa Sotthibandhu

Dr. Doungjit Kanungpean

Dr

Duangjai Rieanrakwong

Suppalak Kaewkwan

Dr. Jetsada Rungpupradit

Dr. Jitbangjong Wiengcharoen

Dr. Danai Sangthong

Thanakom Pojprasath

Thuchadapom Charkhun

Dr. Sunpetch Sophon

Rachakris LerLpatarakomol

Tassanee Trairatapiwan

Dr. Supawadee Manatrinon Daorung Sila-on

Dr

Siwapom Paengkoum

Dr. Anan Chaokaur

Dr. Narin Preyavichy apugdee

Assist. Prof. Riltichai Pilachai

Anan Petlum

Walailuk Kaewwongsa

Assist. Prof. Dr. Phassakon Nuntapanich

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Opart Pimpa

Dr. Siuisak Khampa

Rajamangala _{lJniversity of Technology Lanna} Rajamangala _{University of} Technoiogy Larrra

Rajamangala _{University of} Technology Lanna

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakorrr University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Mahanakom Universigr of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakorn Llniversigr of Technology

Mahanakorn Universi[' of Technology

Mahanakom Universrty of Technology

Maharrakorn _{University of} Technology

Mahanakom Universrty of Technology

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technoiogy

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Silpakom Universit_v

Silpakorn University

Silpakom University

Silpakom University

Silpakorn University

Udon Thani Rajabhat University

Udon Thani Rajabhat University

Udon Thani Rajabhat University

Ubon Ratchatani Rajabhat University

Prrnce of Songkla Llruversiry, Surat Thani Campus Mahasarakham Rajabhat University

-h-List

of Reviewers:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Joongsoo Chang

Dr. G6bor M6szaros

Dr. Astrid Koeck

Assoc. Prof. Boonlom Cheva-Isarakul

Assist. Prof. Dr. NoPadon Pirarat

Dr. Prapansak Srisapoome,

Dr. Nittaya Chaiyanate

Korea Nationd Open UniversitY

University of Natural Resources and Applied Life

Sciences

University of Guelph

Emeritus from Chiang Mai University

Chulalongkorn University

Kasetsat'c University

Burapha University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chalong

Wachirapakom

Khon Kaen Universiry

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chainarong

Navarrukraw

Khon Kaen Uruversity

Assist. Prof. Dr. supom

Katawatrn

Khon Kaen university

Assoc. prof. Dr. Wisittipom

Suksombat

Suranaree University of Technoiogy

Assist. Prof. Dr. Rangsan

Panpai

Suranaree Universrty of Technology

Assist. prof. Dr. Pramote

Paengkoum

Suranaree Universrty of Technology

Dr. Amonrat

Molee

Suranaree University of Technology

Assist. prof. Dr. Smintom

Boonanuntanasarn

SuranareeUniversity of Technology

Assist. prof. Dr. Chareeya

Yimrattanabovorn

Suranaree University of Technology

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Songsak

Chumpawadee

Mahasarakham University

Assist. Prof. Dr. Anut

Chanttatikul

Mahasarakham Universitv

Dr. Khanitta

Ruangwittayallusom

Mahasarakham University

Dr. Chakrapong

Chaikong

Mahasarakham University

Assist. Prof. Dr. Chalermpon

Yuangklang

Rajamangala Universiry of Technology Isan

Assist. prof. Dr. Kraisit

Vasupen

Rajamangala University of Technolory Isan

Dr. Sasiphan

Wongsuthavas

Rajamangala University of Technology Isan

Assist. Prof. Dr. somchit

Guntaprom

Rajamangala universrty of Technology Isan

Assist. Prof. Dr. Chumnamwit

Promkote

Rajamangala Universrty of Technology Isan

Assist. Prof. Dr. Jakrit

Yaeram

Rajamangaia University of Technology Isan

Dr. Kaewta

Sootsuwan

Rajamangala Universrty of Technology lsan

Dr. Smerjai

Bureenok

Rajamangala University of Technology Isan

Dr. Onanong

Poungchompu

RajamangalaUniversity of Technology Isan

Dr. Chalurrtom

Vichasilp

Rajamangala University of Tecbnology Isan

-r'-Contents

Contents

Message from the President of the SAADC

2Al1

""

"

"""'

""

a

Message from President SAADC International Advisory

Committee..

""""'b

MessagefiomthePresidentoftheSAADC?OI|

"".".""""""'c

Academic Committee Chairman's

Message...

'

-

'

""

"

""""'

d

lnternational Advisory

Committee..

""

""" """""'

e

List of Reviewers. ...-....

SUSTAINABLE I ORGANIC

-OP0004- Development of srstainable livestock production systems in

Serbia...

'.'...

"2

Petrovic, P.M., M.M. Petrovic, V. caro Petrovic, D. Ruzic Muslic, M. zujavic,

Z. Tomic & N. Maksimovic

-OP0005-

How

to

improve the Brazilian dairy chain through productivity indicators

to

get

a

sustainable supply chain?

Okano, M.T., O. Yendrametto & O.S. Sarrtos

-Op0008- Improving linear type traits to improve production sustainability and longevity in purebred

Sahiwal

cow...

"""'

11

ilubey, A. & S. Mishra

-OP001{F Potential of dairy cattle development in Boyolali Central Java, Indonesia... .. ... .'. 16

Hidayah, N., B. Guntora, E. Sulssfti & Y' Suranindyah

-OP0012- Social integration and socio-economic gains of farmers' associations with cattle dispersal

program in Dolores, Quezon,

Philippines

""""""'22

Dacil{a, R.G.

-OP0013- The survey of the production cost and marketing channel for the beef in Taiwan . .

.

. . . .. . . .29

Leu, S.Y. &M.C. Lee

-OP0l05-Esttmationofeconomicvaluesforsomeimportanttraitsmnativeblackgoatinlran...40

Votsnkhah, M.

-OP0116- Perception

of

retailers and consumers

in

marketing chain

of

chicken meat toward virus

H5N1 (Avian influenza) in Yogyakarta,

Indonesia

"'

""""""'45

Putra, R.,4..R.S1 & B. Gttntoro

-OP0t17- Seasonal physiological activity

of

genital system

in

local sheep and goat

in

Kurdistan

Region

""""49

Banuary, M.S.Q.

-OPgf 2G. The feasibility of self-supported and partnership enterprises in broiler rndustries ... 53

Purnomo, 5.5., A.Id. Fuslt, E. Gumbira-Sa'id & MachJud

-OP0122- Welfare assessment in tie-stall dairy

farrns'

""""""57

Popesctt, 5., C. Borda, R. Stefcn & E.A. Diugan

-OP0123- Determination of hair follicle characteristics, density and activity of Iranian Cashmere goat

breeds

Ansari-Renani,

H.R.,

Z. Ebadi, S. Moradi, I{.R' Baghershah & M.Y. Ansari

-Renani

-l--pp1002- Size Differentiation

of

Fingerlings

of

Two African Catfishes: Clarias gariepintts and

Heterabrunclzus longifilis and Ther Cross Breeds

"""""""""

""""""""

" 131

Ataguba, G'A-, P.A. Annune & F.G' Ogbe

-pp101+ Micronuclei profile: an index of chromosomal aberrations in freshwater fishes (Synodontis

clqrius xrdt)reochtomis

niloticus)

"""""""""""

135

Okonhno, J'C-, M.O. Obiakor & P. C' Nnabude

-pp1038- Improving shrimp survival rate by Noctiluca-ktlling bacteria strain

BS2

.. " ' 144

Keawtav)ee,7.,

K

Fuknmi & P. Songsangiinda

VETERINARY

-Op2003- Blood metabolite stah,rs and immune response of indigenous sheep related to saponin intake . .. 1 5 1

Astuti, D.A., A.S. Baba& 1.W.7" Wibawan

-pp2004- Evaluation

of

Malaysian village chickens

for

resistance

to

Salmonella enteritidis by

analyzing three candidate

gel€s

"""'

156

Tohidi, R., I.B. Idris, J-M. Panandqm & M'H' Bejo

-OPZAO:,- The effects of dietmy L-arginine concenffation on growth performance and rncidence

of

diarrhea in diarrhea weaned

piglets-....'.'..."

"'

"'

161

shi,

x.

& L. Qin

-pp2001- Chromosomal aberration and pathological alteration after coppff oxychloride fungicide

intoxicationinrabbits...

"" ""

""""167

Saad, M.F., A.M. Saeed & A.M.H. Ahmed

-PP201G Disease detection model for cattle from fluid intake

behaviour

-...

"" """ 172

Kiran, K.P., S. Chaudhury, S.

Kar&

R' Premalatha

-PP5033- An experimental study on co-infection of AIV and IBV in

broilers....

"""""

178

Seif, 5., K. Asasi, A. Moharnmadi & M' Pottrfalah

-pp5047- plasmodium gallinaceum infection in the Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera jonesi) tn

Banglamung Wildlife Breeding Centre,

Thailand"'.'

."

"""""

183

Nokkaevl, w., s. Kaewkwsn, K- Aeumsa-ard, N. Juntuck & J. wiengcharoen

-pp504&

High prevalence

of

antibodies

to

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

in

rabbit zoo, Suphanburi

provrnce"

Thai1and...

""""'

""""""'187

Wiengcharoen, J, W' Nokkaetv, S. Kaewkwan

&

T' Parnlak

-pp5l00-

Sequence comparison

of

avian infectious bronchitis virus

51

glycoprotein

of

the Iran

se'rotype with eleven

variant...

""

191

Nosrati, M',

M'

Tahmorespoor, A'M' Hashemi & Y' Shamshitgaran

-pp5l02-

prevalence

of

_{methicillin-resistant} Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from canine clinical

sarnples...

""

.""""""

195

T'onPitak, W. & C. Somklien

FEED TECHNOLOGY / DAIRY PRODUCTION

-Op3l06-

Silage characteristics and acceptability

of

elephant grass and cassava peel silage by

ruminants in southwest Nigeria

...

"""

"""

""201

Olorunnisamo, O-A'

-lll--OP3107- Effect of PEG and KMnOa on in-vitro fermentation and rumen degradation characteristics

oftanninrichtree

fodders

...,...,...2l.7

Senevirsthne, N.D., V.P. Jayav,ardsna, T. Nishida & J. Takohashi

-OP3119- The effect of high quality feed supplement addition on production performance of early

lactating dary

cows..

....211

Astuti,4., A. Agus &.f.P.S. Budhi

-OP3123- The role of rice straw as feed for sustainable beef cattle production in East Java Province,

Indonesia

...2]l7

Marjuki

-OP3124- Brown midrib resistance _{BMR) corn exploration rn Yogyakarta and Central

of

Jawa

Provinces

...2Zl

Soetrisno, D., B. Suwigytyo & B. Suhartqnto

-OP3126- Fermentation of solid tempe waste using Aspergillus rciger and gelatinization liquid tempe

wasteusingthreekindsofsolublecarbohydrate...

....224

Laconi, E.B. & D.A. Astttti

-OP3131-

A

srirvey on antibody changes after vaccination by

NDV

lived vaccines

Bl

&

lasota in

chukar

paridages....

...228

Ghalehgolab-Behbahan,

N.,

E.

Peymani, G.R. Moazeni-jula,

M.

Ebrahini,

A. Rqhimion, F'. Moazenijula, S. Zaker-Bostonahod

-OP3134- Effects of mono sodium glutamate wastewater added wrth soil potential microorganism and

different phosphor source on kargkong {Ipomoea reptans} and,marze (Zea mays) as forages . " 234

Karti, P.D., M.H, Salundik & D.K. Bayang

-OP3136- The application of brscuit feeding for

sheep

.."...239

Retnani, Y.

-OP3137- Soybean

oil

supplementation

in

dietary concentrate

for

reproductive performance

of

postpartum beef

cows...

...244

Guntaprom, 5., C. Navanukratv, C. Amporn, S. DounSynawong, T. Phichitrasilp

& J. Yaerqm

-PP3009- Effects of the timing of initiation of glucogenic diet on performance of transition Holstern

da:ry

cows

...248

Norouzi Ebdalabadi, M., R. Vqlizadah, A.H. Moussavi, M. Danesh Mesgaran

&

M. T'ahmoorespottr

-PP3011- Using ureatreated com silage as a roughage source to feed intake and milk yield on lactating

W.,

W.

Chmvtoom,

W.

Pongrnchai, cows...

Kaewwongsa,

A. Hsrinsalie

-PP3015- The role of OVM supplementation (optimum vitarnin

&

mineral) on milk production and

milk composition of dairy cows inthe transition

period...

...256

Abhtari, A.lvI., M. Khalili, N. Landy

-PP3016- Change in vaccenic acid (TVA; t11-C18:1) level in

milk

durrng the lactating penod and

CLA endogenous synthesis from TVA rn MCF-7 cell...

...

...260

Ok, ,1.J.,

T.

Wang K.H. Lee, J.H. Hwang, J.N.

Im,

Y.C.

Jin,

S.B. Lee

&

H.C. Lee

-PP31f 7- Effect of air temperature of a tower heat-dryer on in vitro digestibilrty of orgaruc matter and

metabolozable energy contsnt of brewer's

grain...

...264

The 3'd Internatiotal Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countrie s (SAADC2LI ] )

July 26-29,

20ll

Nsklnn Ratchasima, TI{AILAND

-oP2003-Blood metabolite

status and

immune

response of indigenous

sheep

related

to

saponin

intake

Astuti, D.A.t'*, A.S. Baba2& I.W.T. Wibawan3

rFaculty

of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680 Indonesia,zFaculty

of

Science,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia, 3Faculty of Veterinary Mcdicine, ilogot

Agricuitural University, Bogor 1 6680 Indonesia

Abstract

Saponin

is a

secondary compound

which found

some

tropical

browse plants.

It

is

widely

know that

saponin

may

be triggered immune response

in

animals. The

aim

of

the

current

sfudy was

to

evaluate the effect

of

saponin contents

in

the tropical browse plants on blood

rnetabolites and immune responses in indigenous sheep. Sixteen male growing sheep (average

BW

of

20

kg)

were

fed

four

experimental diets

in

Compietely Randomized Design. The

experimental treatments were cornbined

with

seventy percentage

of

native grass and

thirfy

percentage of each the tropical browse plants (Gliri.cidia sepiunt (GS), Moringa oleifera (MO)

and

Aftocsrpns

heterophyllus

(AII)),

while the diets contained only native grass was served

as control. Dry matter, protein and saponin intake were observed. Blood metabolites including

total

protein, albumin,

globulin

and

immunoglobulin-G

were

deterrnined

using

ELISA.

Phagocytosis and ciearance test were done

by

challenged Staphylococus aureus using total

plate count

method

and

evaluated

descriptjvely.

Dry

matter and protein intake

were

significanfly increased (P<0.05)

in

sheep fed

with

GS and

AH.

Feeding

AII

was showed the

highest

the

intake

of

saponin. The experimental treatrnent

did

not

affect

the

albumin and

globulin

concentrations

in

the serum, whereas the levels

of

total

protein

in

the serum were

significantly higher

in

animals

fed

MO

and

AH.

The highest Immunoglobulin-G level was

observed

in

animal fed

MO

which was saponin intake at the values

i5

g

h-rdt.

Phagocytosis

capaci6, (360150

cell)

and

clearance

test

(2.8 cfu/ml)

ehallenge

by

Stapilococus duleus

bacteria also

supported that

the saponin

intake in

the ration containing

Moringa

oledera

could

improve immune

response

for

the

indigenous sheep.

The

results

suggest that

supplementation of

Moringa

olei/bra

in

the diet

with

A.75 g kg-1814'-r saponin intake can be

used to maintain blood metabolites and healthy status of indigenous sheep.

Keywords:

immune response, _{blood metabolites, indigenous, phagocytosis, clearance test}

*Corresponding author:

D.A. Astuti

E-mail

add ress: dewiapriastuti@yahoo.com

-15'!-ffi

Tn: ,.'1t*"**ional Canference cn SustainatleAnimal Agncultare for Developing Countri es (sAADC2al I)

July 26-29,

20ll

lf&}x:n Ratchcttima. TI{AILAND

Introduction

In

most parts

of

humid tropical

countries, browse

may

constitute

an

irnportant fodder

component

to

meet the rnaintenance requirements

of

ruminants, especially

for

farmers who

practice extensive

or

semi-intensive farming.

A

number

of

browse plants (include legurnes

and

herbs)

may

also contain

chemisal compounds,

protein,

fibei,

mineral and

vitamin

concentrations adequate

for

the maintenance requirement

of

grazing anirnals (Aganga and

Mosase,

2001).

Problem

with

tropical

browse

plants

is

thai

they- have

high

content

of

secondary compound

like

saponin. The

secondary compound piesent

in

flants

provide

protection _{against predators, pathogens and invaders because}

of tfieir

_{antimiciobial activity.}

Saponin

which

have active compound,

in

such doze, can stimulate immune response

of

the

animals through

increase

the

antibody.

Offering

thess plants

in

_{regulated amounts} as

supplements to gtass diet (Reynolds ard Adediran, 1988) may yield

bettir

intake, utilization,

improve blocd _{metabolites and healthy status. Saponin content}

in

_{lerak (Sapindus}

rarak)

_can

modify

lipid

metabolism, hematological status

and

inrproved

of

ruttf*

performance by

improving daity gain

and health status

(Astuti,

et

al.,

ZOOSI. Hence,

in

iivo

studies that

address _{nutrient intakes, blood rnetabolites and subsequently on growth and health, would be}

best used

to

evaluate

the

feeding values

of

plants

rich

in-

uncharacterized secondary compounds.

The

aim

of

this

study was

to

evaluate

the blood

metabolites status and immune

responses

of

indigenous sheep

fed

native grass

mixed

with

tropical

browse plants which

containing high levels

of

saponin. Those tropical browse plants contained .uponin (Anoringa

oleifera, Gtiricidea

sepium

and Anocarpus

het,erophylllrs)

which

usually offered

to tle

animals mixed

with

native grass should be evaluated

for

_{feeding practice managernent. The}

experiments designed

in

the present study was used

to

obtained

siientific

bases on existing

farmers practices in using tropical browse plants (legume and herbs) in improvement

of

small

ruminant nutriti on sfr ategies.

Materials

and

Methods

Sixteen

male

of

growing

sheep

(av.

BW

20 kg)

were divided

into four

treatments and

rnaintained

in

individual

cages. The treatrnents

were

nA%

native grass as control group;

70Yo native grass

plus

30o/o

Gliricidia

sepium

(GSi;

70% native grass

plus

30%

Miringa

aleifera O4O) and TAYo native grass plus 30a/o Artocarpus heterophyllus

(AH)

Concentration

of

saponin was detennined

by

method

of Hiai

et

al.(I976)

*d

iound'in

grass,

Gliricidia

sepium

, Moringa

oleiJbra and

Anacarpus

heterophyltus were

23A%;

4.91%: 4.65yo

md

5.97oh, respectively.

A

_{one-week feed adaptation period was allowed before measurement}

of

_{daily intakes}

(DItl,

protein and

saponin). Therefore

nutrient

ingkes

were

measured

for 7

weeks and

conclude

by

blood sarnpling. During the last day

of

the experimental perios,, blood samples

were taken from the jugular _{vein. Immediately, the sample were measured blood metaboiites}

concentrations such as

total

protein, albumin and

globulin

using general procedure

of KIT

diagnosis,

while

Lnmunoglobulin-G

level

was analysed using

ELISA

method.

A

set

of

pr

vitro

blood test

for

immunity

responses, phagocytosis _{capacity (Wibawan and Lammler,}

1994) and cleararce test were clarified using total plate count

method

(ISO 2152S-l:2000)

by

challenged

with

Stapilococu.s aureus bacteria (108 cfir/ml).

AIl

data were analyzed using

Cornpletely

Randornized

Design

with

four

treatments

and

four

replications,

except

phagocytosis and clearance test data. Duncan

Multiple

Range Test was used

to

separate

freatment mean (Steel and

Torrie,

2003). Significant differences between treatments were

considered when P<0.05

-152-The 3'd International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countries (SAADC2}[

l)

July 2&29, 201I Nakhon Ratchasima. THAILAND

Results and

Discussion

Result showed that during

two

months feeding-trial, dry matter and protein intakes of ration

containing

Gliricidia

sepium and Ar"tocarpus heterophyllus were showed the highest compare

to

two

other treatments

(P<0.05).

Meanra;hile,

the

highest consumption

of

saponin was

observed

in

the

animal

fed

the

ration

containing Artocarpus heteraphyllus (P<0.05). The

lowest

protein

$I

gld) and saponin consumptions were

found

in

control

ration

(P<0 05).

Normaliy, protein requirernent for local growing sheep (10-20 kg of

BW)

is around more than

T5

-

135 g h-1.6-i (Harjanto et

al.

1993). The animals which only give total native grass were

suffered

irom

the protein deficiency, because

of

very

low

protein intake. Supplementation

with

30%

of

Gli.ricidia

sepium and Artoc{trpus heterophyllus

in

the ration

resulted

in

an

increased total dry matter intake around 20Yo and 1904, respectively.

Dry

matter intake (DivII)

for

10-20

kg of

l,ocal sheep was around 500

-

1000 g h-t

dt,

or

for

about 4%

-

5%

of

BW

(Tomaszweska et al. 1993; Astuti and Sastradipradja (1999). This study also showed that dry

matter intake

of

sheep were started from 500

-

6i0

g h-1 d-r, or was about 4.5% of BW.

Supplementation

with

30 Vo af

Moringa

oletfera

in

sheep ration resulted 54 g protein

intake aod saponin intake was around 15 g h-l

dr

or equal

with

0.75 g

h-'

6-t (average 20 kg

BW).

This

siiuation cause increased

of

semm protein and immunoglobulin-G significantly.

Serum protein and immunoglobulin-G were indicator of healthy status.

Table 1. Intake and blood metabolite parameters

(*SD)

of sheep fed with tropical forages.

Parameters Conhol GS

MO

AH

lntake:

Dry matter (g/d)

Crude protein (g/d) Saponin (g/d) Blood metabolites:

Total protein {.mg%)

Albumin (me%)

Globulin(mg%)

506*28b

41+2.37d

1i+0.66d

6.4*A.A2"b

42.8+2.5 50.40$1.10 807*14"

610$17u

501*0.64b

604*24^

72+2.52"

54+0.i5"

62*3.15b

18*0.86b

l5+0.25"

20*1.80u

6.2+0,2Ab

7.0*0.56"

7.27*0.17'

44.45*0.90

48.92+3.89

46.87+3.15

49.9WA.76

52.01t2.70

49.57+1.67

890+19b 923+6u

881+19b

igG

Means

t"

the sar"e row followed by different letters are significantly different (P<0.05).

GS

:

Gliricidea sepium;

MO

-

Moringa oleifera;

AH:

Artocarpus heterophyllus.

DM,

CP and saponin were analysed at Bogor Research centre (2009)

A1l

experimental diets

did not

affect on the

concentrations

of

serum albumin and

globulin.

fhe

totat

serlrm

protein

concentration

in

|v{ori.nga

aleifera

and

Anocarpus

Ttercrophyltrus rations

were significantly higher

(P<0.05)

than

the control

and

Gliricidia

,sepium ireahnents.

The

concentrations

of

immunoglobulin-G

were significantly

increased

(p<0.05) after supplementation

of

the plants. The highest value was found

in

the sheep fed

Moringa oleilbra {reahnent (Tabie 1). A11 values were

within

the physiological ranges (Sasser

et

al.,-1985; Tizard,

19SB).

In

the

current sfudy,

the

consumed

high

protein

in

Gliricidia

sepium treatrnent did not relate to the total serum protein level. Mathius (1991) reporled that

secondary compound

af

Gliriciclia sepiwm (i.e. prussic acid and coumarin) miglrt disturbed

of

nutrient utiiizaiion. However, the supplemented 30% Moringa oleifera in the ration,

with

0.75

g.kg.BW-1.d1

saponin intake

could

improve protein

and

immunoglobulin-G

serum

concenfation.

-153-The 3'i International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Deveioping Countries (SAADC20I I) hly 26-29, 2011 Nskhon Ratcha*ma,T'IIAILAND

Tabel

2.Dataof

phagocytosis capacity and clearance test (cfu/ml).

Parameters Control GS

MO

AH

Phagocyt cap.l50cell

Clearence test (cfu/ml

347+13

4.05

Data

in

vllro

study

of

phagocytosis capacity and clearance test using sheep serum

according to the treatmenti

r.s,rlt

that ration containing

Monnga

oleiJbra had better potential

to impr&e

immune response, descriptively. The

Mortnga aleifera

treabnent showed tliat gupu"iq,

of

phagocytosii

to

the Stapilococus eureus bacteria was 360i50

ceil,

means that

te.r"ocyt"

from-the

treatment

could

phagocl'te

360

of

bacteria.

However

in

the

same

treatment, the result

of

clearance test was

2.8

cfulml, this means the lorvest growth colony

of

bacteria was happen ed in

Moringa

oleifera treatment. Capacity of piragocytosis is defined by

total bacteriu

**ti

which is swollen

by

50 cell of leucocyte. Clearance test is one of method to

evaluate bacteria growth

by

coturt the colony between control and treatrnent test. The lower

amount

of

bacteria

colony gfowth, the

best treatment

we

get.

Ration

containing

Moringa

oleifera

u,ith a

certain doze

of

saponin (0.75 pprn) tenden have good effect

to

the

animal

immgne

response

as

expressed

by

high

of

hnmunoglobulin-G

and

protein

serum

concentration and also supported

by

data

of

phagocytosis and clearance test.

Astuti

et

al.

(2008) reported that sheep raised under the hopical forest management fed by sole grass only

had

low

concentration

of

total

protein.

It

is

recommended

that

sheep need some tropical

browse plant in their ration.

Conclusions

Suppleraentation

of

30olo Moringa oleifera

in

the ration

with

0.75 ppm

of

saponin intake was

the best choice for improving serum protein and immunoglobulin-G of indigenous sheep.

Acknowledgement

This study was funded

by

Directorate General Higlrer Education of

Ri

flrough

the Research

Grant no 48ll 3 .24.4 I SPWBG-PSN/Z009

References

Aganga,

A.A.

and

K.W.

Mosase.

2001. Tannin

content,

nutritive

value and

dry

matter

digestibility

af

Lonchocarpu.s capasso, Ziziphus mucronata, Sclerocat'ya birrea,

Kirkia

acuminsta andRhus lancea seed, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 91: 107-113.

Astuti,

D.A.

and

D.

Sastradipradja.l999. Energy metabolism in relation to grazing activity

in

growing priangan sheep as affected by rations. Indonesian J. Trop.

Agric. Vol.

3

Astuti, D.A., D.R. Ekastuti, Marwah and Suryani. 2008. Blood

profil

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1:2008.

Harjanto,

B.

and

A.

Djajanegara. 1993. Nutrient requirement

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small ruminant

in

Indonesia.

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ISO

21528-1.

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of

food

animal feeding

stuffs-Horizontal

method

for

the

detection and enumeration of enterobacteriaceae" 2000.

Mathius,

LW.

1991.

Gliricidia

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2.8

32A+14

3.3 5

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