APPENDICES A. The Biography of Veronica Roth
Veronica Roth is an American novelist and short story writer known
for her debut New York Times bestselling Divergent trilogy, consisting of
Divergent, Insurgent, and Allegiant, and Four: A Divergent Collection. Divergent was the recipient of the Goodreads Favorite Book of 2011 and the 2012 winner
for Best Young Adult Fantasy and Science Fiction.
Veronica Roth was born on August 19, 1988 in New York City, and
was raised primarily in Barrington, Illinois. Her mother, Barbara Ross, is a painter
who resides in Barrington. She is the youngest of three children. Her parents
divorced when she was five years old, and her mother has since married to Frank
Ross, a financial consultant for landscaping companies. Her brother and sister live
She is of German and Polish descent. Roth said that her father had a
job, and worked far away. Now, she has a good relationship with her stepdad. Her
maternal grandparents were concentration camp survivors, whose religious
convictions pushed her mother away from religion. Veronica Roth learned about
Christianity by attending a Christian Bible study during her high school years, and
has stayed with it.
Roth graduated from Barrington High School. After attending a year of
college at Carleton College, she transferred to Northwestern University for its
creative writing program. She married photographer Nelson Fitch in 2011. They
reside in the Chicago area.
Veronica is best known for her trilogy novels: Divergent, Insurgent, and Allegiant; Allegiant was released on October 22, 2013. She is the recipient t
of the Goodreads 2011 Choice Award and the Best of 2012 in the category Young
Adult Fantasy and Science Fiction and also Best Goodreads Author in 2012. Roth
wrote her first book, Divergent, while on winter break in her senior year at
Northwestern University. Her career took off rapidly with success of her first
novel, with the publishing rights sold before she graduated from college in 201
and the film rights sold mid-March 2011, before the novel was printed in April
2011.
Roth sold the film rights to the Divergent series to Summit
Entertainment. Filming of Divergent, the adaptation of the first book in the series,
was started in April 2013, and the film was released in March 2014. On March 21,
released on March 20, 2015. On April 11, 2014, Summit Entertainment
announced that the third book Allegiant would split into two films titled Allegiant
– Part 1 and Allegiant – Part 2, with Part 1 scheduled to be released on March 18,
2016 and Part 2 on March 24, 2017.
B. Summary of Novel
Insurgent picks up where Divergent left off with
headquarters where some members of the broken-up Abnegation have gone for
protection. Tris is taunted by nightmares of shooting
killed while he was under the simulation. The Amity, led by
representative
peaceful. Soon, however, Erudite and Dauntless traitors arrive at Amity to seek
the refugees, and after a heated fight the refugees have no choice but to leave and
escape back into the city. Marcus reveals to Tris that the reason
in the first place was to steal some essential information that Abnegation had been
trusted with to keep them from revealing it to the city. Tobias does not believe
this, but Tris does.
On the train Tris and her friends encounter a group of factionless and
head with them to the factionless headquarters in an old warehouse. Tris is
astonished to find out that
Tobias has known she is alive for a while now. Evelyn and the factionless plan to
usurp Erudite and create a society without factions, and Evelyn wants Tobias's
headquarters, where the rest of the loyal Dauntless have taken shelter, but they are
immediately arrested upon arrival.
The leader of Candor,
the Dauntless control room, supposed they were the ones running the simulation,
and accused them of crimes against humanity. They face a trial immediately, and
have to relay the details of what happened under the influence of Candor's famous
truth serum. They are cleared of charges, but Tris reveals that she killed Will. This
is the first time Tobias and
Christina feels that Tris has betrayed her.
Traitor Dauntless invade Candor headquarters seeking people who are
Divergent, led by
everyone's arms that inject them with a simulation transmitter so that they will be
susceptible to simulations at all times. The traitor Dauntless capture Tris, but she
takes a gun out of her back pocket and stabs Eric, severely injuring him. Loyal
Dauntless stream into the room and drive the traitors off.
Tobias has been repeatedly called a coward because of the information
he revealed under the truth serum, so one night at dinner he beats up his father,
Marcus, to prove that he is not. Tris goes to Marcus afterward and reminds him
that he could use her help in trying to get back the information that Erudite stole.
Meanwhile, Jack Kang believes that having the Divergent in Candor puts them all
in danger, and arranges a meeting with one of Jeanine's representatives to try and
Tris and a few of her friends go to eavesdrop this meeting, and realize
that Jeanine is speaking through the Dauntless traitor she has sent to represent
her using an earpiece. Tris knows Jeanine must be nearby; however, before she
can figure out where she is, one of her friends
and Tris tries to go after Jeanine, but one of their friends is injured and they have
to take her back to Candor. Tobias is angry at Tris for continuously risking her life
so senselessly, and threatens to end their relationship.
They know that Jack will agree to Jeanine's demands to turn over all
the Divergent, so they decide the best thing to do is return to Dauntless
headquarters, where they will all be safer. They hold a Dauntless meeting and
choose new leaders, ending up with
leaders. They then execute Eric officially for crimes against Dauntless. Finally,
they head back to the Dauntless compound, cover all the surveillance cameras
with paint, and try to achieve some semblance of normalcy. Christina at last
forgives Tris for killing Will.
Tobias takes Tris to meet Evelyn on a train, and they form an alliance
between Dauntless and the factionless. Tris is not pleased with this, because she
thinks Evelyn is using Tobias. Erudite soon strikes again with another simulation,
making Dauntless members commit suicide every other night until one Divergent
turns him or herself over for experimentation. Tris knows she has to stop this, so
she lies to Tobias and Christina and turns herself in at Erudite headquarters, where
a Divergent mind. Tobias shows up there too, presumably to sacrifice himself and
die along with Tris.
Jeanine reveals the secret weapon that has allowed her to manipulate
Tris so effectively: Caleb, her brother. He betrayed Tris and their family in order
to remain loyal to his faction, Erudite, and help Jeanine. The experiments
continue, and Tobias finally reveals to Tris that he did not come here on a suicide
mission, he came here to scope out headquarters and find Erudite's central control
room so that when the factionless and Dauntless invade they will know where to
target. He tells Tris to hold out for two more weeks, even though she now wants
to die.
Tris continues to resist the simulations, and tells Jeanine that she will
never be able to control her. Jeanine, angry, tells Tris that she will resume testing
on Tobias instead, and schedules Tris's execution for the following morning.
Peter, Tris's old enemy, leads her to her execution and appears to injects her with
a death serum. However, this is not actually a death serum; Peter replaced it with
one that merely causes paralysis, and sneaks her body out of the room so she can
escape with Tobias. Peter did this because he could not stand to be in her debt.
They break out of Erudite and make it to Abnegation headquarters,
where the factionless have camped out. They are about to begin their plan to bring
down Erudite and abolish the factions, but Tris decides that it is important that she
help Marcus get this vital information from out of Erudite’s hands before the
factionless destroy everything. She enlists Christina’s help, and they go to
Johanna breaks away from her faction because she knows stopping the violence in
the city is the right thing to do.
Back in the city, Tris and the others head to Erudite headquarters to
find the computer containing the stolen Abnegation information. The factionless
have already begun their invasion. Tris and Marcus make it to Jeanine's private
lab, where Tris fights a simulation in order to get past security. Once past, she
finds Tori with a gun pointed at Jeanine, about to kill her. Tris knows she needs
Jeanine to find the information on her computer and tries to stop Tori from
shooting, but it is too late; she shoots, and Jeanine dies. Tori thinks Tris is a
traitor, and sends her down to be tried with all the other traitors.
Tobias, however, finally believes that what Tris says is true, and forces
Caleb to help disarm the security system on the computer so they can get the
information. Just as Evelyn is talking about how there will no longer be any
factions, Tobias comes down and plays the video that he has retrieved. It is a
woman speaking about how the factions were created as an experiment in order to
get rid of the flaws in human nature and create Divergent people with flexible,
virtuous minds. Lastly, she reveals that she will be joining the society, too,
REFERENCES
Abrams, M.H. 1981. A Glossary of Literature Terms. New York: Holt, Rineheart and Winston.
Bate, D. 1989. Essay Method and English Expression. Sydney: Cambridge Press. Bate, Douglas. 1999. Essay Method and English Expression. Sydney: Cambridge
Press.
Brown, Gillian. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press Hamalian, Leo and Fredderick R.Karl. 1967. The Shape of Fiction. United States
Of America: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Hawthorn, Jeremy. 1985. Studying the Novel. London: Edward Arnold Ltd. Nazir, Mohamad. 2005. MetodePenelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia. Mahsun. 2005. MetodePenelitianBahasa. Jakarta: Raja GrafindoPersada. Moleong, Lexy J. 1993. MetodologiPenelitianKualitatif. Bandung: Remaja
Rosdakarya.
Peck, John and Martin Coyle. 1986. Literary Terms and Criticsm. Beirut: Longman Group Limited.
Rees, R.J. 1973. English Literature : An Introduction for Foreign Readers. London: Macmillan Press Limited.
Roberts, V. Edgar and Henry E. Jacobs. 1995. An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Roth, Veronica. 2012. Insurgent. New York: Katherine Tegen Books.
Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. BukuPanduan Program D-3 Study BahasaInggris.
Medan: Unpublished.
Sembiring,Matius C.A.2014.SastraInggris: KompilasiBahanKuliah. Medan: University of Sumatera Utara.
Suryabrata. 1984. MetodePenelitian. Jakarta: Angkasa.
3. ANALYSIS
The background to the story, revealed in the first novel of the trilogy,
explains how Chicago in the post-apocalyptic far future is now a society that
defines its citizens by strict conformity to their social and personality-related
affiliation w
exercising independent will and re-threatening the population's safety through war
or some other human created catastrophe. The factions are Abnegation for the
selfless, Amity for the peaceful, Candor for the honest, Dauntless for the brave,
and Erudite for the intelligent. Those who are tested with equal aptitude for more
than one faction are deemed "Divergent". Due to their capability for independent
thought beyond the restrictive nature of the factions, Divergents are considered
threats to the society, hunted and killed by the ruthless leader of Erudite in order
to eliminate the "threat" of independent thinking. Those who fail the initiation of
their particular faction are deemed factionless, a drain on society.
3.1 Types of Negative Ideas
There are seven types of negative idea found in Insurgent’s Novel by
Veronica Roth:
Crime Action
“… Jeanine attacked us to steal it. And if I am not careful, she will destroy it.” (Insurgent, 2012:25)
In the quotation above, Tris hears Johanna and
father and another council member, talking in the orchards, so she sneaks out to
follow them. They are wondering why
Abnegation was to steal some sensitive information that Abnegation had been
trusted with, and he is afraid that if he tells Johanna anything more about it,
Jeanine will destroy the information. This is the first time Tris realizes why
Jeanine attacked and did crime action because Jeanine wants to take control all of
the factions.
Revenge
“You have no idea what he did to deserve those things. He tried to kill me. And someone else-he stabbed someone else in the eye … with a butter knife. He is evil. I had every right to-“ (Insurgent, 2012:59)
Based on the quotation, when Trisgoes to get ready to work in the
Amity laundry rooms the next morning,
standing next to her bed. He wants to know why Tris is the one who gets to keep
track of the hard drive of simulation data. Tris realizes that he has stolen it, after
seeing it bulging in his pocket. Tris immediately jumps at him, and as they begin
to fight, Amity citizens and
hard drive from Peter's pocket.
Angry
“Don’t you dare try to apologize. This is not something you can bandage with a word or two and some hugging, or something.” (Insurgent, 2012:109)
Based on the quotation, the factionless take Tobias and Tris to see a
middle-aged woman named
of Abnegation thought was dead. Tobias, however, knew that she was here all
revealed herself to Tobias and tried to get him to help with the factionless agenda
against the factions, but he refused.
Control Freak
“We want to usurp Erudite. Once we get rid of them, there’s not much stopping us from controlling the government ourselves.” (Insurgent, 2012:110)
From the quotation above, the situation happens when Tris and Four
have dinner with the factionless around a fire, and Edward fills them in on the
current state of affairs. Dauntless is split up between the Candor compound and
the Erudite compound. What is left of Abnegation is with the factionless. After,
Tris falls asleep, but wakes up to Evelyn and Tobias having a discussion.
Apparently the factionless have a means of documenting all the Divergent people
in the factionless population, meaning they know who would be resistant to a
simulation attack; the factionless have a higher percentage of Divergents than any
of the factions. Evelyn reveals that the factionless hope to usurp Erudite and
create a society without faction. She convinces Tobias to make Dauntless join
with the factionless to defeat Erudite and form a new government system. After
the attack on Erudite, she deceives Four and the factionless take control of all
weapons and announce the government of factionless.
Negative Assumption
“You’re Divergent. My mom said to stay away from you because you might be dangerous.” (Insurgent, 2012:165)
Based on the quotation above, the situation takes place when Lynn
introduced her brother named Hector to Tris. Hector was so careful and had to
people who are tested with equal aptitude for more than one faction. Due to their
capability for independent thought beyond the restrictive nature of the factions.
Divergent are considered threats to the society, hunted and killed by the ruthless
leader of Erudite in order to eliminate the “threat” of independent thinking.
Divergent are considered dangerous to society for the simple fact that by being
divergent, a person’s actions are not limited to making one decision. They are
stronger than most (emotionally, physically, mentally), and can carry themselves
in lethal situations.
Threatening
“I want one gun on her at all times. Not just aimed at her. On her.” (Insurgent, 2012:188)
Tris spot
Divergent Candor woman who is awake. Tris begins stepping on pinky fingers to
see if anyone responds; eventually a Candor girl does, and Tris shows her where
to run. Eventually, though, she realizes Eric has discovered her. They begin to
fight. He reveals that he was the one who suggested to Jeanine putting Tris in a
water tank to die. Eric captures her and leads her to the rest of the Dauntless
traitors. Eric orders one of Dauntless man to push a gun barrel into the back of
Tris’s neck.
“So you can live with the guilt. Of knowing that you usurped me and then shot me in the head.” (Insurgent, 2012:274)
Eric demands that Tobias is the one to kill him so that he can live with
the guilt is chilling, and, just like beating up his father Marcus, it shows that
point, it is hard to say whether Tobias agreed to kill Eric for the sake of everyone
who was hurt by him or for his own sake, to prove to himself and to everyone now looking to him as a leader that he had the strength and nerve enough to do it.
“What is it that clues you in? Tell me. Tell me or I will kill you.” (Insurgent, 2012:374)
Tris has the one thing that Jeanine wants most: the secret to controlling
the Divergent and succeeding with her plans. In this quotation Tris injures Jeanine
both emotionally, through her resistance of what Jeanine truly thought would be a
successful serum, and physically, by scratching and clawing at her face. Jeanine
may have called for Tris's execution immediately after, but this still means Tris
won. Jeanine screams in frustration, and asks what it is that clues her in every
time. Tris refuses to tell her, because she knows Jeanine will not kill her without
that answer. Tris lunges as Jeanine and begins to punch and claw at her while she
screams. Tris tells Jeanine that she will never be able to control her. She was able
to withhold this crucial information and not give Jeanine what she wants.
Betraying
“I thought you were all about facts. About freedom of information? Well, how about this fact, Caleb? When did you betray our parents?” (Insurgent, 2012:368)
From the quotation above, since Tris arrived at Erudite, Tris has been thinking
about her parents more than ever before. This is because she has made a sacrifice,
just like them: she gave herself away to save other people who are important to
her. Now that she knows she is going to die, she is attempting to embrace death
evil. He betrayed Tris and their family in order to remain loyal to his faction,
Erudite.
3.2 The Characters Who Using The Negative Ideas Marcus Eaton
Marcus Eaton is one of the council members of Abnegation and is the
only one out of these who remains alive after the attack of Dauntless controlled by
Erudite through simulation. He was born in Abnegation and chooses Abnegation
as his faction. He is the husband of Evelyn Johnson and the father of Tobias
"Four", both of whom he abused thoroughly, resulting in Evelyn leaving the
family to become factionless and Four transferring to Dauntless the instant he had
the choice, much to Marcus' shock as he wanted him to continue living in
Abnegation. Marcus is a good friend of Tris' father, Andrew, who is also a council
member of Abnegation. He is described to have been similar in appearance to his
son - in particular, both of them have similar dark blue eyes.
Beatrice Prior
Beatrice Prior also known as Tris is round and dynamic character. She
tries to avoid things that bring back her past. She stated this right before she cut
her hair because it reminded her of her mother. Tris is also very determined.
When she was asking Marcus for information and he was not giving her any. She
is in a relationship with Tobias and he is her main support system. She becomes
more accepting of herself and more confident. She is Divergent and understands it
she is Abnegation, Dauntless and Erudite which means she is selfless, brave, and
intelligent.
Tobias Eaton
Tobias Eaton is also known as Four, he is brave and does not have
many fears. He wants to stop the war with as little problems as possible. He is
strong, can lose his temper easily, and hates Marcus who is his father. He is smart
and good at coming up with plans. He was elected leader of Dauntless after Eric
died even though he never wanted to be leader. He wants to protect Tris. He is
also stubborn at times.
Evelyn Johnson-Eaton
Evelyn Johnson-Eaton is the leader of the factionless. She is the
mother of Four. She was born in Erudite but realizes that she is not smart enough
for Erudite even before her initiation test. She chooses Abnegation as her faction
and marries Marcus Eaton. During their marriage Marcus abuses her and
eventually she had an affair and left Four with Marcus. Marcus fakes her death
but she contacts Four after his transfer into Dauntless, according to Four their
meeting was not a happy one. She and Tris do not see eye to eye and Tris does not
trust her because she left Four with Marcus despite knowing his abusive nature.
She is described as having dark hair and eyes, distinct olive skin, strong angular
features and appears middle-aged.
Hector
Hector is the youngest of three children with his older sisters, Shauna
Dauntless members and gets injected with a new serum released by
Dauntless-traitor, Eric. The serum was developed by Erudite and allows them to control
whoever is injected with it; they plan to make Dauntless members kill themselves
every two days unless a Divergent is handed over. Under simulation, Hector,
Marlene, and Kee attempt to jump off a building. He is saved by Tris and
Christina, alongside Kee, though the two are unable to prevent Marlene from
falling to her death.
Eric
Eric was born in Erudite and transfers to Dauntless. He is described as
tall with long dark colored hair and has numerous piercings. He has dull gray
color eyes appears cold and a loud and long evil laugh. In The Transfer, he is a
Dauntless initiate, along with Four. He along with Erudite and Dauntless traitors
attacked Candor, to capture Abnegation survivors and Divergent for testing and
also injects the Dauntless with another serum. During the attack he kills the little
Divergent boy and gets caught when Tris injured him. When the Dauntless find
out that one of Erudite's peace conditions for Candor is to hand over Eric safely,
the newly elected Dauntless leaders sentence him to death. He asks Four to be his
executioner, who complies. Despite his taunting and casualness, even in the face
of death, he can not be brave.
Jeanine Matthews
Jeanine Matthews is the main antagonist. She is a flat and static
character. Not much is known about her or her background, except that she was
described as like a machine, cold and emotionless, bound by logic alone. She
wants control of the factions. She is intelligent but is also arrogant and greedy.
4.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion
The writer found out that this novel has relation to the negative ideas.
Because the negative ideas is a set of thoughts that inhibits a person's steps toward
better conditions and makes a person’s attitude becomes unfocused. Types of
negative ideas are angry, jealous, prejudice, crime action, having negative
assumption, threatening, betrayal, unfaithful, control freak, anxiety, fear, revenge,
sadness, introspective, anxious, desperate, lonely, feel worthless, pessimistic, and
easy to give up.
This analysis concluded that the reader can understand entire the types
of the negative ideas and also tells the reader the negative impact when we did the
negative ideas. The impact of the negative ideas can inhibit a person steps towards
better condition. The writer found out that there are seven types of negative ideas
which consist of crime action, revenge, angry, control freak, negative assumption,
threatening, and betraying.
In this novel, the writer gets more explanation about the negative
ideas, the type, the negative impact of it and the reason why the characters in this
novel did the negative ideas. And from this novel the reader also able to
understand the intention of Veronica Roth as the author of the novel that we as the
human being do not have to execute the negative idea because it can be result the
4.2 Suggestion
The writer hopes that this paper can help the readers who want to
know about the negative ideas that can be found in the novel Insurgent. The writer hopes that the readers know and understand the story of this novel. The writer
would like to give suggestion that readers realize the importance of reading the
novels as the source of information, knowledge, and messages.
This paper also can be as a guide the readers to the readers to analyze
the literary works especially novel. The writer hopes that the readers can analyze
Insurgent novel from other elements of literary works, such as theme, plot, setting, point of view, and characterization.
The last but not least, nobody is perfect. It is also applicable to this
paper. The writer realizes that this paper is still far from being perfect, therefore
the writer really welcome any constructive critics and suggestion toward this
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Rees (1973) says that literature is material or scientific source that is
used to create a paper or other scientific activities. He added that there are two
definitions of literature “literature in the broad sense” and “literature in the narrow
sense”. Literature is a where I go explore the highest and lowest places in human
society and the human spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but the truth
of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart. Literature is a difficult word, in
part because it is conventional contemporary meanings appears, at first sight.
Literature as a concept and as a term, has become problematic, either through
ideological symbol of the high culture or conversely, through demystification by
radical critical theory.
Literature in a broad sense is any form of writing such as schedules,
catalogs, text books, travel brochures, etc. meanwhile Literature in the narrow
sense is any writing that expresses ideas, emotions, feelings, and behavior in life.
Literature, we may now agree, is writing which expresses and
communicates thoughts, feeling, and attitudes toward life. Literature can only
come alive through the creative imagination; without this all the technical skill in
the world is useless.
2.1Novel
Novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which
characters and action representative of real life are portrayed in a plot of more or
less complexity. Usually define as a series of events described in a sequence. The
meaning is a new thing but now meant as a short story in prose. At this time,
Novel has the same meaning in Italian and German. The Novella is generally not as formally experimental as the long story and the novel can be, the novella
generally retains something of unity of impression that is hallmark of the short
story.
The Novel is the most widely read of all kinds of literature. As
literature, the novel has two kinds. First, serious novel where has social function
because it can guide the readers, but entertainment novel does not care that the
story will be useful or not, because it just entertains the readers and just asks the
readers to read it. Roberts and Jacobs ( 1995:49) say that Novel is fictional long
prose work and differentiate them from middle century and classical romance as a
something new. In their books, they also said that there are four fiction aspect,
fictional works consist of common elements, such as character, plot, structure and
theme.
From the above statement, novel is a fictional long prose work that
adopted from French and Italy to describe these works and differentiate them from
middle century and classical romance as a something new.
Peck and Coyle (1984:102) say that the novel reflects a move away
from and essentially religious view of life towards a new interest in the
complexities of everyday experience. Most novels are concerned with ordinary
people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves. Novels
are entertained and also give messages to the readers. It can also impress the
Shaw (1972:189) says that a novel is lengthy fictitious narrative prose
portraying character and presenting an organized series of events and settings. It
means that long or short of a work is often used as a distinguishing feature
between short stories and novels. Every novel has five elements: Characters - The
people (or sometimes animals) the story is about. Theme - The writer of the story
is trying to teach the reader and provide the message. Plot - The serial
arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. Setting - When where the story takes
place. Point of view - how the story is told more specifically, who is telling the
story. First, person of point of view uses “I”, and is told by one of the characters
of the story. Third person point of view uses an unnamed narrator who knows
what all (or most) of the story’s characters are thinking.
2.1.1 Characters
The Characters in fiction novel may be defined as a verbal
representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description and
commentary authors portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and
even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even
hate.
The characters are revealed by how characters respond to conflict, by
his or her dialogue and through descriptions. The characters in a story are the
characters involved from the beginning until the end part of the story (plot).
Roberts and Jacobs (1995:51) say that character is natural facsimile from the
human with all good and bad characteristic. A story is usually related to big
completed situation, or with idea or ordinary condition. The character may win,
lose, or relevant. He or she can learn and become better for experience or maybe
lose point and no change. Furthermore, according to Roberts and Jacobs, character
is the verbal realization from human, personality which determines thoughts,
statements, also attitudes. The writer got interactions between character and
environment through interview, action, and also comments.
From the above statement, character is nay representation of an
individual being presented in a dramatic or narrative work through extended
dramatic or verbal representation. Through action, speech, description, and
commentary, authors portray characters are worth caring about, rooting for, and
even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even
hate.
2.1.2 Plot
Roberts and Jacobs (1995:88) say that plot is all the actions or
incidents, speechless, thoughts, and observations are linked together to make up
an entirety, sometimes called an organic unity. The essence of this unity is the
development and resolution of a conflict in hic protagonist, or central character.
The plot is interactions of causes and effects as they develop sequentially or
chronologically. Plot is stories are made up mostly of actions or incidents that
follow each other sequentially. Finding in a sequential or narrative order,
however, is only the first step toward the more important consideration. The plot
things precede or follow each other not simply because time ticks away, but more
importantly because effects follow causes
2.1.3 Setting
Setting is concerned with the places where story take a place. Setting
refers to geographical location of the story, time, period, daily lifestyle of the
characters and climate of the story. Background elements can be divided into three
main elements, namely a place, time, and social. Backgrounds on the location of
the place suggest the occurrence of the events recounted in a work fiction. The
Setting is important to give realistic impression to the readers, created a certain
situation at a glanced is really happened.
Another opinion about the Setting Stanton (2007:35) says that setting is
the environment that surrounds an event in the story, the universe that interacts
with the events taking place.
In a story or novel certainly; the Setting is the most important things in
the story, which serves to build the story in a novel. Setting can be a place where
an incident or events occurs, which is expressed by the description.
2.1.4 Theme
Theme is the idea underlying the literature. The Theme is sometimes
supported by the depiction of the background; the work of others is implied in the
characterizations.
Theme refers to the result of general and abstract thinking of writing. In
this part, idea becomes the general thinking of novel. In literary study the
significance. Though themes are usually extensive and complex, separate ideas
may be named by a single word.
Theme as the deliver part in a novel must be related with the other
elements to build a good story. As a necessary part in a novel, it is important to
know clearly what theme is.
Hamalian and Karl (1967:324) say that Theme hunting is possibly the
most enjoyable and rewarding; part of a short story, but it is also the most
dangerous, and the most open to wild error.
Stanton (2007:7) says that Theme gives a strong explained about the unity
of what is happening in the story, and tell about the story of life in a common
context. The purpose of Theme is to give a shape and effect in our mind, so make
the story easy to remember.
2.1.5 Point of View
One of the most important ways in which the writers knit their stories
together, and also an important way in which they try to interest and engage
readers, is the careful control of point of view. By controlling the point of view,
an author helps us make reasonable inferences about the story’s actions. Authors
use point of view to raise some of the same questions in their fiction that perplex
us in life.
Point of view is one of the elements of fiction that is classified as
means of story. Point of view in a work of fiction describes who is told, from a
position where events and actions were seen or suggested in the way a story is
It is a way or the view that the author used as means to present the
characters, action, background, and various events that make up the story. Abrams
(1981:142) says that Point of view is the way the author puts himself in the story
or from the point which the author looked at the story.
There are four basic point of views:
1) The first point of view is the writer must whether the “I” is to be major or
minor character, protagonist or observer, or someone merely repeating a narrative
he has at second hand.
2) The omniscient point of view, in which the author himself tells the story in the
third person. The narrator knows everything about everyone in the story and can
bring into plays as much of that knowledge as he chosen.
3) Observer’s point of view, in modification of omniscient point of view, there is
the narrative related from the vision of the single character used by the author as
central observer or central intelligence through whom anything cleared.
4) The objective point of view, though it is the third person narrative, like the
omniscient point of view, the author using this technique refrains from making a
side, commenting on the action, or addressing the reader. The author becomes a
seeing eye that reports but does not interpret.
2.2 The Negative Ideas
Gunarsa (1996) says that negative ideas can blame the mind and
emotions of people. Tallis (1993) the negative ideas is the bad thought and makes
says that the negative ideas is a thought to sink in feeling negative thoughts, worry
about something happened.
Adelia (2011) says that negative ideas is a pattern or way of thinking
that leads to the negative side are visible in the form of belief or idea that came
out, how to behave, and daily behavior. Due to the negative side is more
dominant, it is not surprising that this negative idea is filled by a priori attitude,
prejudice, distrust, suspicion and skepticism which often without any reason at all.
Negative ideas is a set of thoughts that inhibits a person's steps toward
better conditions and makes a person’s attitude becomes unfocused, negative idea
is not only angry, jealous, or prejudice, but also crime action, having negative
assumption, threatening, betrayal, unfaithful, control freak, anxiety, fear, revenge,
sadness, introspective, anxious, frustrated, feeling lonely, feeling worthless,
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work, and is not confined to publish sources (although, under some circumstances,
unpublished sources can also be exempt).Roberts and Jacobs(1995:2) say that
literature refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express
emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas. Before the invention of writing, literary
works were necessarily spoken or sung, and were retained only as long as living
people performed them.
Literature may be classified into four categories or genres: (1) prose
fiction, (2) poetry, (3) drama, and (4) nonfiction prose. The writer’s choice falls
into prose fiction, exactly on novel.Hawthorn(1985:1)says that novel refers to a
fictitious prose narrative or tale of considerable length (now usually one length
enough to fill one or more volumes) in which characters and actions represent the
real life of past or present times which portrayed in a plot of more or less
complexity.
Some of novels are fiction and some are based on true stories. Both are
not only entertain but also give meaning messages and impression to the readers.
This paper provides the negative ideas that can be found in this novel. Idea is the
results of general and abstract thinking. In literature, ideas related to meaning,
interpretation, explanation and significance. Literature embodies values along
with ideas. Ideas are vital for an understanding and appreciation of literature.
meaning of what have been read and then developedan explanatory and
comprehensive assertion. Ideas can be found inany of these: direct statements by
the authorial voice, direct statements by a first-person speaker, direct dramatical
statements by characters, figurative language, characters who stand for ideas, and
the work itself.
1.2 Problem of the Study
a. What are the negative ideas found in Veronica Roth’s Novel “Insurgent”? b. Who are the characters using the negative ideas in novel “Insurgent”?
1.3 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is the negative ideas and the review of element
of prose, those are: plot, character, theme and setting.
1.4Purpose of the Study
In relation to the problem of the study above, the purpose of the study
are:
a. To find out the kinds of negative ideas in Veronica Roth’s Novel “Insurgent”.
b. To find out the characters using the negative ideas in Veronica Roth’s Novel “Insurgent”.
1.5 Method of the Study
In writing this paper, the writer used some library research. After
reading the story of the novel, she focused in finding the negative ideas in the
novel. She collected data from books and searching some more information from
1.6 Reason For Choosing the Study
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul The Negative Ideas Found in Veronica Roth’s
NovelInsurgent. Ini adalah tentang
perjuanganTrisuntukmengamankankotakpesanrahasiamasadepanduniadankotakter
sebutmenyebabkansebagian orang melakukantindakan yang negatifuntukdapatmengambilkotaktersebut. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentangpemikirannegatif yang diperankanolehtokohdalam novel tersebutDalam penyusunan kertas karya ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan membaca beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan judul ini dan sebagai sumber untuk mendapatkan informasi yang bisa mendukung judul ini dan juga penelusuran dari internet untuk melengkapi data yang telah dikumpulkan. Dan penulismenyimpulkanbahwadalam proses penulisanini, penulismenemukanbahwadalam novel tersebutmencakup 7
ABSTRACT
THE NEGATIVE IDEAS FOUND IN VERONICA ROTH’S NOVEL “INSURGENT “
A PAPER
BY
MARGARET HUTAPEA REG. NO. 122202039
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
It has been proved by
Supervisor,
Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL NIP. 19570308 198403 1 004
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English Study
Program
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521126198112 1 001
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara Dean,
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013197603 1 001
Board of Examiners Signature
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, MARGARET HUTAPEA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper.
Except where references is made in text of this paper, this paper contains no
material published else where or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by
which I have qualified for awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main
text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for aware of another degree in
any tertiary education.
Signed : ...
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : Margaret Hutapea
Title of paper : THE NEGATIVE IDEAS FOUND IN VERONICA
ROTH’S NOVEL “INSURGENT” Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya
Department : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion
on the librarian of the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University
of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their
obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed : ...
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul The Negative Ideas Found in Veronica Roth’s
NovelInsurgent. Ini adalah tentang
perjuanganTrisuntukmengamankankotakpesanrahasiamasadepanduniadankotakter
sebutmenyebabkansebagian orang melakukantindakan yang negatifuntukdapatmengambilkotaktersebut. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentangpemikirannegatif yang diperankanolehtokohdalam novel tersebutDalam penyusunan kertas karya ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan membaca beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan judul ini dan sebagai sumber untuk mendapatkan informasi yang bisa mendukung judul ini dan juga penelusuran dari internet untuk melengkapi data yang telah dikumpulkan. Dan penulismenyimpulkanbahwadalam proses penulisanini, penulismenemukanbahwadalam novel tersebutmencakup 7
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All honors and worship are just given for my Almighty God, Jesus
Christ for His blessingand giving me health, strength, patience and ease during the
process of analyzing and finishing this paper as one of the requirements to get
Diploma III certificate from English Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara.
Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, appreciation, and
thanks to the dean Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara,
Dr.Syahron Lubis, M.A. andthe Head of English Department, Drs. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A.who approved this paper andI would like to express my biggest gratitude to Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOLas my supervisor, I am so thankful for the time, advice, and guidance to correct this paper during the process
of writing.
I would like to say thank to my lovely family especially to my beloved
parents, Jodi Hutapeaand WatySidabukke for their legacy always lives on. They are my motivation and my source of strength to finish this paper, especially my
father who teaches me how to be strong. For my mother, thanks for all of the
patient, support, pray, love and advice. Thank to the one and only sister Devi Sunday Hutapeafor all of smile, laughs and spirit you always give me.
Marlina Surya Indriani, and Hanni A. Saragih. Thanks forhaving our great time together and spending our three years in sweetness and bitterness memories.
And the last thanks are dedicated to all my friends in Class A and B Solidas 2012 that can not be mentioned one by one, thanks for everything. I will be missing you all.
Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect.
Therefore I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestion towards this paper.
Hopefully, this paper can inspire and give knowledge for anyone in the future.
Medan, August 2015
The writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii
ABSTRAK ... iii
ABSTRACT ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii
1. INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ... 2
1.3 Scope of the Study ... 2
1.4Purpose of the Study ... 2
1.5 Method of the Study ... 2
1.6 Reason for choosing the Study ... 3
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 4
2.1 Novel ... 4
2.1.1 Characters ... 6
2.1.2 Plot ... 7
2.1.3 Setting ... 8
2.1.4 Theme ... 8
2.1.5 Point of View ... 9
2.2 The Negative Ideas ... 10
3. ANALYSIS ... 12
3.1 Types of Negative Ideas ... 12
3.2 The Characters Who Using The Negative Ideas ... 17
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 21
4.1 Conclusion ... 21
4.2 Suggestion ... 22
REFERENCES ... 23
APPENDICES ... 25
A. Biography of Veronica Roth ... 25
