ءﺎﺸﻧﻹا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﮭﺗرﺪﻗو ةءاﺮﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺚﲝ
ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﺘﻟ ﻡﺪﻘﻣ
ﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻴ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﱃﻭﻵﺍ ﺔ
ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ :
ﻥﻴﻋ ﺓ ﺭ ﻗ
ﻢﻗﺭ
ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ
:
١٠٦٠١٢٠٠٠٢١٧
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
٢٠١٠
ﺚﲝ
ﺪﻘﻣ ﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻡ ﱃﻭ
ﰲ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺑ
ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
ﲔﻋ ﺓﺮﻗ
ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ :
١٠٦٠١٢٠٠٠٢١٧
ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺖﲢ
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﺸﳌﺍ
)
ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﻫﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺐﺒﳏ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ
(
) ﺮﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﰐﺍﻮﲪﺭ ﺎﻧﺎﻳﺭﻭﺃ ﱵﺳ ﺓ
(
ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ :
١٩٦٨١٠٢٣١٩٩٣٠٣١٠٠٢
ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ :
لوﻷا بﺎﺒﻟا
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟا
أ
.
ﺚﺤﺒﻟا تﺎﯿﻔﻠﺧ
ﻊﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺎﺑ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﻭﺰﺗ ﺎ ﺩﺍﺮﻳ ﺱﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﳚ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻻﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﻤﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ
ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺳ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍﻭ
. ﻒﻗﻮﺗﻭ ﺡﺎﳒ
ﺡﺎﳒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻊﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﳚ ﱂ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﻊﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﺭﺪﻘﻓ .
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﻓ
ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻮﻬ ﺗ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻦﻋ ﱪﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ
ﺍﲑﺒﻌ
ﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻬﻔﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻢﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻙﺭﺎﺸﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻊ
ﻪﺒﻫﺍﻮﻣﻭ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺭﺪﻘﺑ .
١
ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﲑﺜﺗﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺣﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ . ﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻢﻬﻗﻭﺬﺗﻭ ،ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﺳﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺬﻴﻣ
ﻝﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﱐﺎﻌﳌ
ﻥﻮﺒﺘﻜﺗﻭ ﻥﻭﺅﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﻥﻮﻌﻤﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺓﺭﻮﺻﻭ .
١
ﺐﯿﻄﺨﻟا ﻢﯿھاﺮﺑإ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃ
،
)
ضﺎﯾﺮﻟا
:
،ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ٢٠٠٣
م
(
ط ، ١ ،
ص
.
١٧
ﺪﲪﺃ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻝﺎﻗ :
ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺼﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
٢
ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺔﻠﺻ ﺎﳍ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
ﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺃ ﰲ ﻡﺪﻘ
ﻢﻈﻋﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﻻﺇ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﺒﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻟﻮﺻﻮﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ
.
٣
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳ
ﺔﺳﻭﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺍﺮﺗﻭ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺓﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﻢﺳﺇﻭ ﲑﻤﺿ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
.
ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﺳﻭﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﺴﺣﻭ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺻ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﺎﻘﻄﻧ ﺎﻬﻘﻄﻧﻭ ﻞﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﲤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ . ﻻﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻘﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻦﻋ ﱪﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻬﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺼﺗ
ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻩﲑﻏ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ،ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻳﺪﻟ ﺎﻣ ﺯﱪﻳ
ﺙﺩﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﺴﺗ ﺩﻮﻳﺎﻣ ﻞﺠﺴﻳ
ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻭﻭ . ﱴﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺖﻠﺻﻭ ﱴﺣ ﺎﻫﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ،ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻦﻣﺯ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻑﺮﻋ ﺪﻗﻭ
ﻥﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﻣ .
٤
ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛﻭ ،ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﻠﻗ ﰲ ﺎﺒﺒﺳ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ،ﺀﻼﻣﻹﺍ ﰲ ﰊﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺄﻄﳋﺍ
ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﺎﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻰﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺎ ﻡﺎﳌﻹﺍﻭ ﲑﻐﻟﺍ .
٥
ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺭﻮﻣﺄﺑ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺰﻛﺮﺘﻳ ،ﻰﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗﻭ :
ﺓﺭﺪﻗ
ﰲ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺎﻤﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺄﻄﳋﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺟﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺋﻼﻣﺇ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﺒﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺩ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ .
ﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺎ ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﲟ ﺔﺑ ﺔﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﺈﻓ
ﻻﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗ
ﺑ ﺾﻌﺒ . ﻪﺑ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻤﻴﻈﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺩﻭ ﱏﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺎﻓ
٢
،ﺪﻤﺣأ ردﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ قﺮﻃ
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
ﺔﻀﮭﻨﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ١٩٧٩
م
(
ص ،
.
١٠٧
.
٣
،نوﺮﺧاو ﺲﻧﻮﯾ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﺤﺘﻓ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ تﺎﯿﺳﺎﺳأ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
تد ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا راد
(
ص ،
.
١٦٩
.
٤
،ناﻮﺿر ﻲﻗﻮﺷ ﺪﻤﺣأو ﺢﯾﺮﻔﻟا ﺢﻟﺎﺻ ﻦﺑ نﺎﻤﺜﻋ
ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺮﯾﺮﺤﺘﻟا
،
)
ضﺎﯾﺮﻟا
:
،نﺎﻜﯿﺒﻌﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ
٢٠٠٣
(
ص ،
.
٢٢
.
٥
،ﺔﺗﺎﺤﺷ ﻦﺴﺣ
ﻖﯿﺒﻄﺘﻟاو تﺎﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
،ﺔﯿﻧﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﺮﺼﻤﻟا راد ١٩٩٣
م
(
ص ،
.
٢١٥
ﻪﺋﺎﻘﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺣﻭ ﻪﳜﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻞﺠﺳ .
ﺎﳍ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺮﺛﺃ ﺎﻌﻴﲨ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ
ﻆﻔﺣ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﻳ
ﰲ ﺎﻫﺮﺛﺃﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺩﺍﺩﺯﺍ ﺪﻗﻭ
ﻪﺘﺟﺎﲝ ﻰﻘﻳﻭ ،ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻳ ﺎﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﺍﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ ،ﺮﺿﺎﳊﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ .
٧
ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻳ
ﺮﺣ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﻣ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻢﻴﺴﻘ .
ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺎﻓ ﳊﺍ
ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﳌﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻬﻓ ﺮ
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻮﻠﺒﻘﻳﻭ ﻪﻟ ﻥﻮﻄﺸﻨﻳ ﻢﺃ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ ﺪﻗﻭ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺣ ﻢﺃ
ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﻗ .
ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻞﲨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺑﻼﻃ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻳ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ
ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺎﻣﻭ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧﻭ ﺎﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻮﻤﳏ ﻁﺎﳕﺃ .
ﻴﻌﺑ ﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺎﻓ ،ﺪ
ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻟﺃ ﺪﻳﺰﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﳉﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍﻭ .
ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ . ،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻛﻭ ،ﺀﺎﺠﳍﺍﻭ ،ﻢﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺎﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻑﺮﻌﻤﻓ
ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺮﻌﻣﻭ ﺗﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ
ﻪ . ﻥﻮﺒﺘﻜﺗ ﻻ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻣﻭ
ﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﱂ ﻼﲨﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﺍﻮ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ .
ﻭﺃ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧﻭ
ﻥﻭﺅﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﳌ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺠﺸﺗ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺎﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺪﻳﺮﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ .
ﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﲑﻐﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺢ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻃﻮﻠﻐﳌﺍ .
ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ
ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣﻭ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻩﲑﺼﺑ ﺫﺎﻔﻧﻭ ﺓﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺔﻋﺮﺳﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﺣﻭ ﻞﻘﻌﺘﺑ
ﻙﻼﺘﻣﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻼﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻒﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ
ﺔﺋﺭﺎﻃ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﲢ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻗ .
٨
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﳌﺍ .
ﻡﺪﻌﻟ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺍﻮﺠﺤﻨﻳ ﱂ ﲔﻤﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛﻭ
ﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻢﻬﺘﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭ
٦
ﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻗﺎﻨﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ دﻮ
بﺮﻌﻟا ﺮﯿﻐﻟ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ تﺎﯿﺳﺎﺳأ ،
،
)
مﻮﻃﺮﺨﻟا راد
:
،ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ﻦﯿﻋ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ
١٩٨٨ م
(
ص ،
.
١٠٣
.
٧
،عﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﯿﺴﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣو ﺔﻤﯿﻌﻃ ﺪﻤﺣأ ىﺪﺷر
مﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ
:
برﺎﺠﺗو تﺎﯾﺮﻈﻧ
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺮﻜﻔﻟا راد ٢٠٠٠
م
(
ط، ١ ص ،
.
١٦١
.
٨
،بﻮﺠﺤﻣ سﺎﺒﻋ
ﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ ت
:
ﺔﯿﻘﯿﺒﻄﺗو ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻧ لﻮﻠﺣ
،
)
ﺮﻄﻗ
-ﺔﺣوﺪﻟا
:
ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا راد
(
،
ص
.
١٥
ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﳌﺍ . ﺢﺘﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﻳﺩﺆﻳ ﻥﻼﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻢﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰲ ﲔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺸﻔﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﳒﺇ ﰲ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ .
ﺎﺇﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﳌﺍ
ﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻩﺭﻮﺻ ﻞﻀﻓﺄﺑ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻎﻠﺒﻴﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﰲ ﻢﻠ
. ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ
ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﳜﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﻭ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺱﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻠﻟ .
ﺎﻣﺃ ﻘﻓ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ .
ﲏﻌﻳ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﳊﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ٢
x
٤٠ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﳍ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻢﻠﻓ ﻉﻮﺒﺳﻷﺍ .
ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﻥﻷ ،ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﺗﻭ ﻥﻮﻫﺰﳝ
ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ، ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ
. ﻻﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﻨﻜﻤﺘﻳ ﱂ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ
ﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﺺﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹ
. ﲔﺒﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻰﺟﺮﻳﻭ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﰿﺎﻌﻳﻭ .
ﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺪﻳﺮﺗ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻱﺮ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﰲ ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
" : ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ."
ب
.
ﺚﺤﺒﻟا تﻼﻜﺸﻣ
١ . ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ
ﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻕﻼﻄﻧﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌ
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺎﺑ :
١ ( ﺪﻨﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺩﻮﻌﺘﻳ ﱂ ﻢﻷ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻒﻌﺿ
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ٢ ( ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻒﻌﺿ
٤ ( ﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﻤ
٥ ( ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﲔﺑ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ
٦ ( ﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﲟ ﺔﺼﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺭﺪﻘﻳ ﻻ ﻢ
ﻞﻤﳉﺍﻭ ٧ ( ﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﰲ ﻑﻼﺘﺧ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ
٨ ( ﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﳊﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻥﻷ
ﲎﻌﻳ ﲔﺘﺼﺣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻤﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﻢﻷ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ٤٠
x
٢ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﳍ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻢﻠﻓ ﻉﻮﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﰲ
٢ . ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ
ﺺﻴﺤﺸﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﲢ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ
:
١ ( ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
٢ ( ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ .
ﺓﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣﻭ ﰱ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﺔﻳﺮﻬﳉﺍ . ﻷ ﻹ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﺔﻳﺮﻬﳉﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥ ﺀﺎﻄﺧﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﺗ
ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ .
٣ ( ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ .
ﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰱ ﺓﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣﻭ ﻥﻷ ﻪﺟﻮﳌ
ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ .
٤ ( ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
.
٣
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ،ﺓﺭﻮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺩﺪﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ
:
١ ( ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻱﺃ ﱃﺇ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ؟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
٢ ( ؟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻣ
٣ ( ﻯﺪﻣ ﻱﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ
" ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
؟ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ٤ ( ﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻒﻴﻛ ؟ ﺔ
ج
.
ﺚﺤﺒﻟا فﺪھأ
ﱴﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﺟﺮﺗ
:
١ ( ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ
٢ ( ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ٣ ( ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ
٤ ( ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ
د
.
ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺪﺋاﻮﻓ
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻓ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ :
١ ( ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﰐﺄﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ .
ﺎﻬﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﺗ ﻊﺿﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻌﻟﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺍﻮﻓﺮﻌﻴﻟ ﲔﺋﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ٢ ( ﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻔ
ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﻟ
ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﳏﻭ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻏﺭﻭ
ـھ
.
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ،ﺔﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﺳ ﺖﺜﲝ ﺪﻗ :
ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺮﺛﺁ "
ﺔﻴﻗﺪﺼﻟﺍ "
ﺔﲨﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ .
ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺮﺛﺁ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺻﻼﺧﻭ
" ﺔﻴﻗﺪﻀﻟﺍ "
ﺔﲨﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ "
ﺪﻴﺟ " ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺪﺑ ٧٧
.
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ،ﺔﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ ﱴﺳ ﺖﺜﲝ ﺪﻗ :
ﻯﺬﻟ ﺀﻼﻣﻹﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ
ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌ
٢٤ ،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ٢٠٠٧
. ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺻﻼﺧﻭ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ :
٧٤،٧٥ ﺀﻼﻣﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻗﻭ
٧٠ ، ٣٧ .
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ،ﻰﺗﺎﻴﻟﻮﻣ ﻯﺮﺳ ﻯﺭﺎﺳ ﺖﺜﲝ ﺪﻗ :
ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ
ﺪﻬﻌﲟ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻃ "
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ "
ﻮﺑﺎﻛﻮﺳ ﻰﻣ – ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﺟ .
ﺔﺻﻼﺧﻭ
ﺔﻳﻮﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ٧٨
، ٢ .
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﺘﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ .
ﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﱐﺎﺜ
ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ
أ
-ةءاﺮﻘﻟا
١ . ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺔﻤﻠﻛ " ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ " ﻦﻣ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ )
ﺃﺮﻗ – ﺃﺮﻘﻳ – ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ( ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰱ
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻟﺇ ﻭﺃ .
٩
ﺕﺮﻣ ﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﳘﻭ ﺔﻗﺮﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﲔﺘﻠﺣﺮﲟ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﰱ ﺔﺑﻮﺘ
:
١ ( ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻪﺒﺸﺗ
ﰱ ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﻰﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺷ
ﺔﳝﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ٢ ( ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﰱ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻰﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺮﳊﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ .
١٠
٩
،فﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺲﯾﻮﻟ
مﻼﻋﻷاو ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺪﺠﻨﻤﻟا
،
)
توﺮﯿﺑ
:
،قﺮﺸﻤﻟا راد ١٩٨٦
(
ص ،
.
٦١٦
ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ) ﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﳊﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟ
( ﺓﺀﻭﺮﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ )
ﻪﺗﺀﺎﺼﻟﺍ /
ﺔﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ( ﺢﻀﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﰲ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗﻭ ﺃﺮﻘﻳﺎﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻛﺍﺭﺩﺃ ﺮﺛﺃ ﻹﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻧ
.
١١
ﱵﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻧﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻘﺘﻳ
،ﻪﻨﻴﻋ ﻖ
ﻞﺣﻭ ﻕﻭﺬﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻜﳊﺍﻭ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ،ﱏﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱏﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﻓﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ .
١٢
ﺸﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻟﺄﺘﺗ ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎ
ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻻﻮﺻﻭ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺔ
ﻪﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺻﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﺼﻗ .
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﻻ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ
ﺰﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺍﱪﺧ ،ﺓﺩﺪﺠﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳ
ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍ ﺪﻴﺻﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺴﻧﻷﻭ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﳕﻷﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺍﺭﺪﻘﻟ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ .
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ﺩ ﰱ ﺍﺭﻮﺼﳏ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﻴﺿ ﺓﺮﺋﺍ
. ،ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻠﻟ ﻱﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺪﺣ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﺎ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﺗﻭ .
ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﲑﻐﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ
.
ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻣﺮﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺻﻭ ,
ﺎﻻﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻯﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰒ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻒﻴﺿﺃ ﻥﺄﺑ ،ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ
ﺁ ﺮﺧ ﺀﻭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻮﻫ ،
ﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻮﳓ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﺰﳛ ﻭﺃ ،ﺮﺴﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﻕﺎﺘﺸﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﺐﺠﻌﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﻂﺨﺴﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﻰﺿﺮﻳ ﻪﻠﻌﳚ ﻞﻋ
ﻪﻌﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺀﻭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ .
ﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻬﻔﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳ
ﺨﻠﺘﺴﻳ ﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻪﺼ ،ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰱ ،ﺃ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﰱ ﻪﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﱂ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﰱ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ
١٠
،ﺪﯿﺠﻤﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﺰﯾﺰﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ
ﺎﮭﺴﯾرﺪﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃو ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
،فرﺎﻌﻤﻟا راد ١٩٦١
(
ط ،
.
٣ ص ،
.
١٢٤
١١
،فوﺮﻌﻣ دﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻒﺋﺎﻧ
ﺎﮭﺴﯾرﺪﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃو ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ
،
)
توﺮﯿﺑ
:
تد ،ﺲﺋﺎﻔﻨﻟا راد
(
ط ،
.
٧ ص ،
.
١٠٩
١٢
،ﺔﺗﺎﺤﺷ ﻦﺴﺣ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ
...
ص ،
.
١٠٥
١٣
،ﺔﺗﺎﺤﺷ ﻦﺴﺣ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ
...
ص ،
.
١٠٥
ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﰱ ﺃﺮﻘﻳﻭ ،ﻖﺋﺍﺪﳊﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﰱ ﻩﱰﺘﻳ ﻦﳌ ﻝﻮﻘﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺯﻮﳚ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﺋﺭﺎﻗ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻻ ﻩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﻓﻼﻟﺍ " :
ﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﻒﻄﻘﻳ ﰒ ،ﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﻒﻄﻗ ﻉﻮﻨﳑ :
ﺔﺘﻓﻼﻟﺍ ﺃﺮﻘﺗ ﱂ ﺖﻧﺃ .
١٤
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻄﻧﻭ ،ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ
ﺎﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺎﻘﻄﻧ )
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ
ﺔﻳﺮﻬﺟ ( ﺎﻤﻬﻓﻭ . ﻖﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﲎﻌﻣ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﺅﺭ ﺖﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ﻮﻫﻭ .
ﺔﻛﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻱﺃ ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍ
ﱏﺎﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻄﻋﺇﻭ .
١٥
ﺬﻫ ﻉﻮﺿ ﰲﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻩ
ﺘﺴﺗ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺲﺳﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﻠ :
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﰱ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﺣﻭ ،ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ . ﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗﻭ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺀ
ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ .
٢ . ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻨﻜﲤﻭ ،ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻷﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﻠﻄﺗ ﺓﺬﻓﺎﻧ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
ﻢﻮﻨﻓﻭ ﲔﺿﺎﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻘﻳ ،ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﺑﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ .
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺖﻣﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﻩﲑﻏ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻪﻨﻋ ﲏﻐﻳ ﻻ ﻪﺘﻠﻴﺳﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺳﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺴﻟ
. ﻱﺮﻳﻭ
ﲏﺒﻨﺗ ﺎﺳﺎﺳﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﺭﻭﺪﻳ ﺍﺭﻮﳏ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟ ﲔﺑﺮﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ .
١٦
ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻇﻭ :
١ ( ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٢ ( ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٣ ( ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﲏﺒﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٤ ( ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﻲﻤﻨﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
١٤
،ﻢﯿھاﺮﺑإ ﻢﯿﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا سرﺪﻤﻟ ﻰﻨﻔﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻤﻟا
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
،فرﺎﻌﻤﻟا راد ١٤٢٠
م
(
،
ط
.
٧ ص ،
.
٥٧
١٥
،ﺪﻤﺣأ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا نﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ
،
)
ﺖﯾﻮﻛ
:
،حﻼﻔﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ١٩٨٤
(
ط ،
.
١ ص ،
.
١٠٦
١٦
،ﺮﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺪﻟا ﺮﺨﻓ
ﺔﯿﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﯿﺑﺮﺘﻟاو ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺲﯾرﺪﺘﻟا قﺮﻃ ،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
ﻢﻟﺎﻋ
،ﺐﺘﻜﻟا ٢٠٠٠ م
(
ص ،
.
٦١
٥ ( ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٦ ( ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٧ ( ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ
١٧
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ :
١ ( ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﲔﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٢ ( ﻲﻌﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺓﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٣ ( ﻩﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﰲﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
١٨
٣ . ﺪﻫﺃ ﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃﻭ ﻑ
ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﻪﺠﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ :
١ ( ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ ﲎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻠﻴﺜﲤﻭ ﻪﺋﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻧ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻪﺘﻋﺮﺳﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ
٢ ( ﻴﻴﲤﻭ ،ﺎﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺎﻤﻬﻓ ﺀﻭﺮﻘﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻤﻬﻓ ﻪﻨﻳﻮﻜﺗﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻩﺰ
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ ٣ ( ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ ،ﻊﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﰲ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﻩﺪﻘﻧﻭ ،ﺎﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺎﻤﻬﻓ ﻪﻤﻬﻓﻭ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ٤ ( ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻌﻔﻨﻳﻭ ﻪﻤﺋﻼﻳ ﺎﲟ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻌﻓﺩﻭ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ
ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﳌﺍﻭ ٥ ( ﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺼﲢ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺴﻨﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌ
٦ ( ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺣ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗﻭ ،ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﻜﻟﺍ
ﺔﻠﻴﻤﳉﺍ ٧ ( ﺃﺮﻗ ﺎﻣ ﲎﻌﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗ
١٧
ﺎﯿﻣد زاﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻲﻃ
ﺔﯿﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﯿﻨﯾﺪﻟا ﺔﯿﺑﺮﺘﻟاو ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا سرﺪﺗ قﺮﻃو ﺞھﺎﻨﻣ ،
)
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
:
UIN, Jakarta press
٢٠٠٧
( ,
ط
.
١ ص ،
.
٧٨
-٧٩
٨ ( ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌﺎﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﻢﺟﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﺩﺎﻳﺩﺯﺍ
ﺱﺭﺎﻬﻔﻟﺍﻭ ٩ ( ﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃﻭ ﺀﺎﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻴ
١٩
ﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺍ
ﻑ :
١ ( ﺚﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟ ﺍﺪﻬﲤ ﺀﺮﳌﺍ ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺪﻗ
٢ ( ﺨﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻴ
ﺺ . ﻪﺼﻴﺨﻠﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺼﻧ ﺀﺮﳌﺍ ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺪﻗ
٣ ( ﻡﻼﻋﻺﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻊﻤﺴﻴﻟ ﺀﺮﳌﺍ ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺪﻗ
٤ ( ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻼﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
ﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺀﺮﳌﺍ ﺃﺮﻘ ﺔﻴﻧﺄﺘﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻ ﺍﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﺍ
٥ ( ﺩﺎﺒﻌﻠﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
ﷲ ﺍﺪﺒﻌﺗ ﺀﺮﳌﺍ ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ
٢٠
ﺐﺒﳛ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﳚ ،ﺺﻴﺨﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﻭ
ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﺴﲝ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺯﻻ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻪﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻮﻨﺗﻭ
ﻊﻳ
ﻱﻮﻔﺷ ﻯﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻬﳉﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺧﻼﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺇﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇﻭ ،ﻯﺮﻳﺮﲢﻭ ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺎ ﺱﺭﺎﳝ .
ﲔﻋﻮﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﺗ :
١ ( ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٢ ( ﺔﻳﺮﻬﳉﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٤ . ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﺎﻴﻬﻴﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﻬﻓﻭ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﺣ ﺎﻷ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﻮﺼﻠﻟ ﻞﺧﺩﻻ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﻭ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻗﺩﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﻼﻤﻋ ﻻﺇ ﺕ
.
٢١
١٩
،ﻲﺑﺎﻛﺮﻟا تدﻮﺟ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ قﺮﻃ
،
)
ﻖﺸﻣد
:
،ﺮﻜﻔﻟا راد ١٩٩٦
(
ط ،
.
٢ ص ،
.
٨٥
-٨٦
٢٠
،ﻲﻟﻮﺨﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
أ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺐﯿﻟﺎﺳ
،
)
ضﺎﯾﺮﻟا
:
،قدزﺮﻔﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ١٩٨٦
(
ط ،
.
٢ ،
ص
.
١١٢
٢١
،ﻲﺑﺎﻛﺮﻟا تدﻮﺟ
ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ قﺮﻃ
...
ص
.
٨٦
ﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻨﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻛ ﲑﻄﺧ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓ
ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺎﻨﺘﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎ
ﺕﺎﻧﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺍﻭ ﻒﺤﺼﻟﺍﻭ .
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻣﻮﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﺼﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﻠﻄﻠﻟ ﲔﻌﻣ ﲑﺧ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﱰﳌﺍﻭ .
٢٢
ﲔﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻻﻮﻟﺪﳌ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ
ﻮﻟ ﺚﻴﳛ
ﻲﻬﻓ ﻥﺫﺇﻭ ،ﻚﺑﺎﺟﻷ ﻩﺃﺮﻗﺎﻣ ﲎﻌﻣ ﰱ ﻪﺘﻟﺄﺳ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﻟ ﻚﻳﺮﲢ ﻻﻭ ﺲﳘ ﻻﻭ ﺕﻮﺻ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﺳ
ﺔﻔﺷ .
٢٣
ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺭﺮﳏ ﺎﻷ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻬﳉﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺴﻳﺃ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ
ﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﺛﺃﻭ ﱪﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣﻭ ،ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺟﺭﺎﳐ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﺝﺍﺮﺧﺇﻭ ،ﺏﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍ
ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏﻭ .
٢٤
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﻣ :
١ ( ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺟﺮﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟ ﺭﺩﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺢﻠﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺍﻭ ﺺﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ
٢ ( ﻪﺋﺎﺒﻧﺃﻭ ﻪﺛﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻼﻟ ﻒﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ
٣ ( ﺘﻛ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰱ ﻢﻬﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻁﺎﳕﺃﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻠﻟ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻢﻬﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﳌ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺐ
٤ ( ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﲑﺜﺗ ﺍﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﰿﺎﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ
٥ ( ﺕﺎﺘﻓﻼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﱪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻫﻮﳓﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ
٦ ( ﻭﺃ ﺙﻮﲝ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﺳ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻞﻴﻟﺬﺗ ﰱ ﺎ ﻊﻔﺘﻨﻳ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ
٧ ( ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﺎ ﺪﺼﻘﻳ
٨ ( ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﰱ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺺﺼﺣ ﰱ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗﻭ ،ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻰﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﰱﻭ
٢٥
٥ . ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ
٢٢
،ﺮﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺪﻟا ﺮﺨﻓ
ﺲﯾرﺪﺘﻟا قﺮﻃ
...
ص
.
٧١
٢٣
،ﻢﯿھاﺮﺑإ ﻢﯿﻠﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ
ﻲﻨﻔﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻤﻟا
...
ص
.
٦١
٢٤
،ﻢﯿھاﺮﺑإ ﻢﯿﻠﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ
ﻲﻨﻔﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻤﻟا
...
ص
.
٦٣
٢٥
،ﻲﻃﺎﯿﻣد يزاﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
قﺮﻃو ﺞھﺎﻨﻣ
...
ص
.
٧٠
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ،ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻠﻟ ﺬﺨﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻫﺎﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ
ﺮﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧﻭ ﺓ .
٢٦
ﻪﻟ ﺪﻬﳝ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ،ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻉﺰﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﳜ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﻓ ﺓﺭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺈﺑ .
،ﲔﻌﻣ ﻦﻣﺯ ﰱ ،ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺻ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻳ
ﻥﻮﻜﺑ ،ﺓﺪﻌﻣ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﺒﻟﺎﻄﺑ ﺍﻮﻬﺘﻨﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﺎﳌ ﻢﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﺍﺭﺪﻘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ
ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻐﺒﻨﻳﻭ ،ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻉﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﰱ ﺎﻮﺘﻜﺑ ﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺭﻮﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺪﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻟﻭ ،ﻩﻭﺀﺮﻗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻠﻬﺳ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ .
٢٧
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ،ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻏ ﰲ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺪﻨﻋﻭ :
١ ( ﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺲﻤﳍﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻣ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟ
٢ ( ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻩﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻣ
٣ ( ﻲﺋﺍﺮﻗ ﺐﺟﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺎﻔﻠﺳ ﻢﻠﻌﻤﳌﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻌﻳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﻗﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ
٤ ( ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻘﻟ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺄﺑ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺇ
٥ ( ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﻀﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﻮﻌﺗ
٢٨
ب
-ءﺎﺸﻧﻹا
١ . ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻩﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﻳ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﻲ
ﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺀﻭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻴﺣ ﻢﻬﺘﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﺑ ﻢﺭﺪﻗ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟ
ﰲ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻨ
ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺀﻼﻣﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺱﺭﺩ .
ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺸﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﱪﻌﺗ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﻼﻣﻹﺍ ﻻﻭﺃ
. ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﻷ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﺗﻭ
ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ .
٢٦
ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻰﺴﻧﻮﺘﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ حﻮﺘﻔﻟا ﻮﺑأو ﻰﺷاﺮﺑﻷا ﺔﯿﻄﻋ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺲﯾرﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﯾﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟا قﺮﻄﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺰﺟﻮﻤﻟا
ﺔﯿﻣﻮﻘﻟا ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
ﺎﮭﺘﻌﺒﻄﻣو ﺮﺼﻣ ﺔﻀﮭﻧ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ
(
ص ،
.
٨١
٢٧
،ﻰﺴﻧﻮﺘﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ حﻮﺘﻔﻟا ﻮﺑأو ﻰﺷاﺮﺑﻷا ﺔﯿﻄﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
قﺮﻄﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺰﺟﻮﻤﻟا
...
ص
.
٨١
٢٨
،ﻲﻟﻮﺨﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺐﯿﻟﺎﺳأ
...
ص ،
.
٩٧
ﱏﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﰱ ﺎﻤﻋ ﻪﻤﻠﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻧﺎﺴﻠﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺡﺎﺼﻓﺇ ﻮﻫ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﲑﺒﻌﺗﻭ
ﺗ ﻅﺎﻔﻟﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻞﲨ ﰲ ﺐﻴﻛﺮ
٣٠
ﺔﻧﺎﺑﻻﺍﻭ
ﻥﻭﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻪﻤﻬﻔﻳ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺣﺃﻭ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﰲ ﻝﻮﳚ ﺎﻤﻋ ﺡﺎﺼﻓﻹﺍﻭ .
٣١
٢ . ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ
ﻥﺎﻤﺴﻗ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ :
١ ( ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ
٢ ( ﺮﳊﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ
٣٢
ﻥﺎﻤﺴﻗ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ :
١ ( " ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ "
ﺘﺟﺍ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺼﻘﻳ ﺀﺎﻀﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻨﺗﻭ ،ﺱﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﲝ ﻞﺼﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻗ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤ
ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍﻭ ﻢﺎﺟﺎﺣ :
ﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺛﺪﶈﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻟﺇ
ﻹﺍﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻮﳓﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭ .
٢ ( " ﻲﻋﺍﺪﺑﻹﺍ "
ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﻪﺗﺍﱪﺧﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃﻭ ﻩﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺛﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻮﻠﳚ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ :
ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﺕﻻﺎﻘﳌﺍ , ﻟﺄﺗﻭ ﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺺﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﺒ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻮﳓﻭ ،ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻢﺟﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛﻭ ،ﺕﺎ
.
٣٣
٣ . ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ
ﻀﻳﺃ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺎ
.
٣٤
ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺖﲢ ﺱﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻠﻟ ﻙﺮﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺎﺍﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺕﺪﻋﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻘﻓ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﺑ ﻪﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺪ
٢٩
،ناﻮﺘﺴﻛو رﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻤﻟاو ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻞﯿﻟد
،
)
ﺎﺗﺮﻣﺎﺟ
:
ﺞﺑﻮﺟأو رﻮﺠﺳ ﻮﯾﻮﻣ
(
ص ،
.
١
٣٠
،يرﻮﺧﺎﻔﻟا ﺎﻨﺣ
ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ءﺎﺸﻧﻹا ﻲﻓ ﺪﯾﺪﺠﻟا
،
)
توﺮﯿﺑ
:
،ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟا بﺎﺘﻜﻟا رادو ﺔﺳرﺪﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ
١٩٧٠
(
ط ،
.
٣ ص ،
.
٧
٣١
،فوﺮﻌﻣ دﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻒﺋﺎﻧ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ
...
ص ،
.
٢٠٣
٣٢
،ناﻮﺘﺴﻛو رﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﻞﯿﻟد ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا
...
،
ص
.
٢
٣٣
،ﺎﻄﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﯿھاﺮﺑإ
ﺔﯿﻨﯾﺪﻟا ﺔﯿﺑﺮﺘﻟاو ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ قﺮﻃ
،
)
ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا
:
ﺔﻀﮭﻨﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ
،ﺔﯾﺮﺼﻤﻟا ١٩٩٦
(
ط ،
.
٣ ص ،
.
١٧٨
-١٧٩
٣٤
،ﻲﻟﻮﺨﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺐﯿﻟﺎﺳأ
...
ص ،
.
١١٨
ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺪﳊﺍ ﺽﺮﻐﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻕﺬﳛ ﱂ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﰲ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻊﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻄﺧﻷﺍ .
٣٥
ﱃﺇ ﻪﺑﻼﻃ ﺱﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻳ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻰﻔﻓ :
١ ( ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﻁﺎﳕﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻂﳕ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻞﲨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ
٢ ( ﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧﻭ ﺎﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﻋﺍ
٣ ( ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻭﺃ
ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﰱ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﲢﻭ :
١ ( ﺮﺜﻛﺄﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﺑ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺀﻼﻣ
٢ ( ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺄﺑ ﺔﺼﻗﺎﻧ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻝﺎﻤﻛﺇ
٣ ( ﺓﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﺐﻴﺒﺗﺮﺗ
٤ ( ﺓﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻞﲨ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ )
ﻥﺎﻌﻣ ( ﺓﺮﻘﻓ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟ
٥ ( ﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻠﻤﳉﺍ ﻂﺑﺭ ﲔﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﺭﻮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻂﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘ
) ﻒﻄﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺣ –
ﻝﻮﺻﻮﳌﺍ –
ﻷﺍ –
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ (
٦ ( ﰱ ﺎﲟ ﺎﺋﺪﺘﺒﻣ ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﳉﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ )
ﺏ ( ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ،ﻼﺜﻣ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻻﺇ
ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ٧ ( ﲔﺘﻠﲨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﲨ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ )
ﻭﺃ ... ﻞﲨ (
٨ ( ﻼﻤﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﻡﺍﺮﳊﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺖﻴﺑ ﻒﺻﻭ ﰱ ﺓﲑﺼﻗ ﻞﲨ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰱ
ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ : ﻑﻮﻄﻳ – ﺏﺎﻴﺛ – ﻡﺍﺮﺣﻹﺍ –
ﺕﺎﻓﺮﻋ – ﺀﺎﺧﻹﺍ
٩ ( ﻭﺃ ﻡﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﻟﺍ ...
ﺎﺑ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺪﻐﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻃ ﻚﻟ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ،ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻚﻟ ﺞﺘﻔﻳ ﻥﺃ
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﱃ ﺢﺘﻔﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻳﺭﺃ ،ﻖﺑﺪﺻ ...
١٠ ( ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﲔﺒﺗ ﺓﲑﺼﻗ ﻞﲨ ﺙﻼﺛ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ :
؟ﺞﳊﺍ ﺔﻀﺑﺮﻓ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺐﲢ ﺍﺫﺎﳌ
١١ ( ﳕﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﲨ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻁﺎ
١٢ ( ﻭﺃ ، ﻪﻠﺟﻷ ﻝﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻭﺃ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ....
٣٥
،ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻖﻟﺎﺨﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟا رﺎﺒﺘﺧإ
, )
ضﺎﯾﺮﻟا
:
،دﻮﻌﺳ ﻚﻠﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ١٩٨٩
(
ص ،
.
٢٤٧
١٣ ( ﲔﻟﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺇ
١٤ ( ﲔﻌﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﺋﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﺑﻮﻜﺗ ﰒ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺇ .
ﻞﺜﻣ : ﻚﻟﺫ ﰱ ﺐﺘﻛﺍ
ﱃﺍﻮﺣ ١٠٠ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺎﺑ ﺐﺘﻜﺗ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻦﻌﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ
١٥ ( ﺎﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﺼﻗ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﰒ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺇ ﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺟﻷﺎﺑ
ﺭﻮﺼﻟ ) ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﲑﺒﻌﺗ (
١٦ ( ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﰱ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ
١٧ ( ﰐﺄﻳ ﺎﲟ ﺎﺋﺪﺘﺒﻣ ﺔﺼﻗ ﱃﺇ ﲔﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ....
١٨ ( ﻪﻟ ﺮﻳﺬﻌﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻌﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻪﻟﱰﻣ ﰱ ﻯﺎﺷ ﻞﻔﺣ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﺓﻮﻋﺩ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻦﺑﻮﻛ
ﻊﻣ ﺐﻫﺬﺘﺳ ﻚﻧﻷ ﺔﻴﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺸﻟ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻙﺪﻟﺍﻭ
١٩ ( ﺎﻬﺘﻳﺃﺭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﻭ .
؟ﺎﻬﻔﺻ ﰒ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻧﺃ
٢٠ ( ﺺﻴﺨﻠﺗ . ﲔﺘﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﺺﳋ ٤
ﺯ ٥ ﻼﺜﻣ !
٢١ ( ﱃﺇ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺔﻘﺣ ﺔﲨﺮﺘﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
٣٦
٤ . ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ
ﺬﻴﻧﻼﺘﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺳ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺗ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ
ﺎﻬﺳﻭﺭﺩ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻼﺘﻟﺍ
ﺬﻴﻣ . ﺪﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺱﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻑ
ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﲢﻭ ﺎﻬﺳﻭﺭﺩ ﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﰲ
ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗﻭ ،ﻞﻤﳉﺍ ﻁﺎﳕﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮ
ﺎﺼﻴﺤﺻ ﺎﲰﺭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﳊﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﲨﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺎﻬﺴﻜﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌ .
٣٧
٥ . ﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺕﺎ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻆﺣﻼﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﻦﺴﳛ ،ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ :
١ ( ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﺑ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﻳﺮﲤ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ .
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺟﻮﺘﻳ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ
ﳌﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻳﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﳜ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻪﺑﻼﻄﻟ ﻯﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴ
٣٦
،ناﻮﺘﺴﻛو رﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻞﯿﻟد
...
،
ص
.
٤
-٧
٣٧
،ﻲﻟﻮﺨﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺐﯿﻟﺎﺳأ
...
ص ،
.
١٣٨
-١٣٩
٢ ( ﺐﳚ ﻥﺃ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﳉﺎﻌﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﻠﻟ ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﲤ ﰐﺄﻳ
ﺎﻳﻮﻔﺷ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ٣ ( ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻢﳍ ﻖﺒﺳ ﻯﺍ ،ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻓﻮﻟﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ
٤ ( ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﰐﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻪﺤﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻛ
ﺼﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻪﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﲟ ﺐﺘﻛﺎﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﺑ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺐﺘﻛ ﺎﳌ ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺢﻴﺤ
ﺐﻠﻃ ﻞﻛ ٥ ( ﺕﺎﺒﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﻴﻄﻌﻳﻭ ﺔﻌﺋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﺋﺎﻄﺧﺃ ﰲ ﻪﺑﻼﻃ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ
ﺀﺎﻄﺧﻻﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﺘﳉﺎﻌﳌ ﺕﺎﻧﺮﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ٦ ( ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﺌﻃﺎﳋﺍ ﻞﻤﳉﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻠﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺐﻟﺎﻃ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﻳ
٣٨
٦ . ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ،ﺔﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ ﱴﺳ ﺖﺜﲝ ﺪﻗ :
ﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺮﺛﺁ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹ
" ﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺪ "
ﺔﲨﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ .
ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺮﺛﺁ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺻﻼﺧﻭ
" ﺔﻴﻗﺪﻀﻟﺍ "
ﺔﲨﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ "
ﺪﻴﺟ " ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺪﺑ ٧٧
.
ﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﲟ ﻱﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺲﻳﺭ
" ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ " ﺭﺎﳒﺃ ﺞﻧﺍﺭﺎﻛ
ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ .
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻱﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ٧٥
%
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﺘﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ "
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ " ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎ
.
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ
"
ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ
"
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
ﺀﺎﺸﻧﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺭﺪﻗﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
٣٨
،ناﻮﺘﺴﻛو رﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻞﯿﻟد
...
،
ص
.
١١٩
-١٢٠
ﲔﻋ ﺓﺮﻗ
١٠٦٠١٢٠٠٠٢١٧
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟا بﺎﺒﻟا
يﺮﻈﻨﻟا رﺎﻃﻹا
أ
-ةءاﺮﻘﻟا
١ . ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺔﻤﻠﻛ " ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ " ﻦﻣ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ )
ﺃﺮﻗ – ﺃﺮﻘﻳ – ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ( ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰱ
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻟﺇ ﻭﺃ .
١
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻲﻫ
ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮ )
ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﳊﺍ (
ﺓﺀﻭﺮﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ )
ﻪﺗﺀﺎﺼﻟﺍ /
ﺔﺘﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ (
،ﺔﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﰲ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗﻭ ﺃﺮﻘﻳﺎﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻛﺍﺭﺩﺃ ﺮﺛﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ .
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ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺗ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻧﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻘﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﲑﺴﻔ
ﻕﻭﺬﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻜﳊﺍﻭ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ،ﱏﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱏﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﻓﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﺣﻭ .
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،فﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺲﯾﻮﻟ
مﻼﻋﻷاو ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺪﺠﻨﻤﻟا
،
)
توﺮﯿﺑ
:
،قﺮﺸﻤﻟا راد ١٩٨٦
(
ص ،
.
٦١٦
.
٢
،فوﺮﻌﻣ دﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻒﯾﺎﻧ
ﮭﺴﯾرﺪﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃو ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺎ
،
)
توﺮﯿﺑ
:
تد ،ﺲﺋﺎﻔﻨﻟا راد
(
ط ،
.
٧ ،
ص
.
١٠٩
.
٣
،ﺔﺗﺎﺤﺷ ﻦﺴﺣ
ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ
...
ص ،
.
١٠٥
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ
ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻻﻮﺻﻭ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺔﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻟﺄﺘﺗ ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺻﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﺼﻗ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻪ
. ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺍﱪﺧ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺴﻧﻷﻭ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﳕﻷﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺍﺭﺪﻘﻟ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺓﺩﺪﺠﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﻟ ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍ ﺪﻴﺻﺭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪ
.
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ﻪﻘﻴﺿ ﺓﺮﺋﺍﺩ ﰱ ﺍﺭﻮﺼﳏ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ .
،ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻠﻟ ﻱﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺪﺣ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﺎ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﺗﻭ .
ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﲑﻐﺗ .
ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻣﺮﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺻﻭ ,
ﺇ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻯﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻻﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﱃ
ﺀﻭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻮﻫ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻒﻴﺿﺃ ﻥﺄﺑ ،ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰒ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻮﳓ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﺰﳛ ﻭﺃ ،ﺮﺴﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﻕﺎﺘﺸﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﺐﺠﻌﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﻂﺨﺴﻳ ﻭﺃ ،ﻰﺿﺮﻳ ﻪﻠﻌﳚ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻌﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺀﻭﺮﻘﳌﺍ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ .
ﺘﺳﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻬﻔﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻡﺪﺨ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﰱ ﻪﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﱂ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﰱ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰱ ،ﺃﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻪﺼﺨﻠﺘﺴﻳ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﰱ ﺃﺮﻘﻳﻭ ،ﻖﺋﺍﺪﳊﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﰱ ﻩﱰﺘﻳ ﻦﳌ ﻝﻮﻘﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺯﻮﳚ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﺋﺭﺎﻗ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻻ ﻩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﻓﻼﻟﺍ " :
ﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﻒﻄﻘﻳ ﰒ ،ﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﻒﻄﻗ ﻉﻮﻨﳑ :
ﺮﻘﺗ ﱂ ﺖﻧﺃ ﺔﺘﻓﻼﻟﺍ ﺃ
.
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ﻲﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺎﻘﻄﻧ ﺎﻬﻘﻄﻧﻭ ،ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻳﺮ
