AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING USED BY THE FIRST SEMESTER
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG IN THE ENGLISH DAY HELD BY ESA
PROGRESIO
THESIS
By:
RORO FACHMI HAYUNINGTYAS
08360188
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING USED BY THE FIRST SEMESTER
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG IN THE ENGLISH DAY HELD BY ESA
PROGRESIO
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
RORO FACHMI HAYUNINGTYAS
08360188
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi Rabbil „Alamin, Wassholatu Wassalamu „Ala Rasulillah, after
a long tired hardship, finally this thesis could be completed under supports of many
hands. The researcher would like to express the deepest thank to Allah SWT for
blessing her, guidance and mercy in finishing this thesis. Praises are also presented to
the beloved prophet, Muhammad SAW.
The researcher would like to express her gratitude to the following individuals
from whom the researcher received valuable things from the beginning till the last
process of this thesis, they are:
1. The researcher‟s kind first advisor, Drs. Imam Mahfudz, who has given his
support, valuable suggestion, and care. Due to her meticulous comment and
correction, the content of this thesis has been improved.
2. The researcher‟s patient second advisor, Drs. Sudiran, M. Hum, who always
gives her advice and suggestion, helpful correction, as well as constructive
criticism which led to useful improvement.
3. The researcher‟sbeloved parents “Ibu Purwati and Bapak Bambang Sutomo”,
for their never ending love, unconditional support, advice, prays, and
understanding. She is grateful for being their one and only daughter.
4. Eyang Uti, Adek Fifi, Adek Alfin, Adek Reihan, Adek Faatih and Hutama‟s
family for their sacrifice and motivation. Without whom the researcher would
5. D‟Ladies, Sari Ndut, Bhena, Umi Enggar, and Eika who have been and will
always be the researcher‟s greatest best close friends all over the world, who
share many things, who never feels tired of giving her love and support.
6. All of the researcher‟s friends in Class D1, who always give her support, and
color her life. Megga, Deddy Dika, Decky, Dino‟, Lucky, Intan, Ndul Okib,
Very, Zarhos, Fanny, Bu‟ Nciz, Mbak Ida, Twin Ima, Dini, Brother Ebi, Sisil,
Mami Hana, Tante Novi
7. „Ma Nurse‟ who always motivate her to finish this thesis with his joke “Jadi
September apa nggak?”
8. „Liverpudlian‟ who always gives her spirit and asks her to move on when she
is getting down with his advice “You‟ll never walk alone”, and for all her
friends who cannot be mentioned one by one and who always help the
researcher in her thesis and everything, may Allah SWT bless you all. Amin
ya Rabb.
Malang, 12th June 2012
The Researcher,
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ABSTRACT ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of The Study ... 1
1.2Statement of The Problems ... 3
1.3The Purposes of The Study ... 4
1.4Significance of The Study ... 4
1.5Scope And Limitation ... 5
1.6Definition of The Key Terms ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1Theory Relevant to Research Question ……… ... 7
2.1.1 Sociolinguistics ... ……… 7
2.1.2 Bilingualism ... 9
2.1.3 Code and The Kinds ... 10
2.1.3.1 Code Switching ... 11
2.1.3.2 Code Mixing ……… 12
2.1.3.2.1 Kinds of Code Mixing ……… . 13
2.1.4 The Contexts When Choosing Code Mixing ………15
vii
2.2.1 An Analysis on the Use of Indonesian-English Code Mixing Found in the Novel „De Journal‟ by Neneng Setiasih” by
Romadhona Awal Aprila…... 17
2.2.2 A Study of the Use of English and Indonesian Code Mixing by the Lecturer of Structure of the First Year Student of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of Malang” by Tsulis Taufiqurrohmah ... 18
2.2.3 A Study of Code Mixing Found in Bukan Empat Mata Program on TRANS 7 Television Channel” by Fitria Nur Hamidah ... 18
2.3 English Day ………. 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1Research Design ... 21
3.2Research Subject ... 22
3.3Research Instrument ... 22
3.4Data Collection ... 24
3.5Data Analysis ... 24
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1Research Findings ... 26
4.1.1 The Types of Code Mixing ... 26
4.1.2 The Contexts of Code Mixing ... 36
4.2Discussion ... 44
viii
5.2 The Suggestion ... 47
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
REFERENCES
Aprila, Romadhona. 2011. An Analysis on the Use of Indonesia-English Code Mixing
Found in The Novel “De Journal” by Neneng Setiasih.Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.
Ary, Donald, et al. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education 6th Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth: A Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 2002. Understanding and Using English Grammar-third
edition. New York: Longman.
Bogdan, Robert C. 2007. Qualitative Research for Education an Introduction to
Theory and Methods. United State: Person
Creswell, John W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
Methods Approaches. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hamidah, Fitria Nur. 2011.“A Study of Code Mixing Found in Bukan Empat Mata
Program on TRANS 7 Television Channel”.Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.
Hoffman, Charlotte. 1993. An Introduction to Bilingualism. New York: Longman, Inc.
Jendra, Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010. Sociolinguistics: The Study of Societies’
Language. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Sabilah, Fardini. 2001. Sociolinguistics: Buku Ajar S1 UMM. Unpublished Modul. Malang: UMM.
Tama, Merry Norma. 2011. An Analysis of Code Switching Used by the Presenter of
Taufiqurromah, Tsulis. 2005. A study on the use of English and Indonesian code mixing by the lecturers of structure at the first year students of English
Department in Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Unpublished Thesis
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Trudgill, Peter. 1983. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. New Zealand: Penguin Books.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background of the study, statements of the problem, purposes of the
study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is
described as follows:
1.1 Background of the Study
Communication is the most important thing for human beings. As human beings, people
must interact with each others. They need to show their feeling, expression, idea, emotion and so
on. Besides, people also need to share everything with others. To do those activities, people need
a tool to deliver what they mean to others, and the tool is called language. “Language is a system
of arbitrary verbal symbols by which members of speech community used as a means of
communication to interact and express their ideas, feeling and thought” (Wardhaugh, in Sabilah,
2001:1)
Another function of language is to establish and maintain social relationship among
people. It can be said that people use language to interact, communicate, and cooperate with
others in their society. It is supported by Trudgill‟s opinion “language is not simply a means of
communicating information about the weather or any subject. It is also a very important means
of establishing and maintaining relationships with other people” (2000:1)
Nowadays, people may master more than one language to communicate. They can speak
languages is called bilingualism. As Jendra (2010:68) stated, “people who are not monolinguals
but speak two languages everyday are named bilinguals (bilingual people)”.
Code mixing is a one of the example of bilingualism. “Code mixing occurs when people
use both of languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other in
the course of a single utterance. It is a mixture of word, phrases, and clauses” (Wardhaugh, in
Aprila 2011:4). It means that people who use two languages or change their language in other
language in their conversation can be said they apply code mixing.
The students of English department of Muhammadiyah University of Malang have a
program called English Day. English Day means the entire of English department students have
to speak in English. It is every Wednesday and Friday. To make the program more effective,
English department asks ESA (English Student Association) Progresio to help its program. ESA
Progresio is a group of English department students who help many kinds of English department
programs. In English day ESA Progresio held a meeting on Wednesday and Friday with English
department students, focusing on the first semester students, because the first semester English
department students need more attention to apply their English well.
In English Day, ESA Progresio, as a student organization asks the first English
department students to make a discussion, debate, telling story, drama performance, conversation
and so on by using English. Yet, almost of them cannot speak in English well. They usually mix
their English with Indonesian, or vise verse, English with Java or vise verse, and so on. The
previous researcher, (Aprila: 2011) in his thesis “An Analysis on the Use of Indonesian-English
Code Mixing Found In the Novel „De Journal‟ By Neneng Setiasih” stated that Indonesia is a
multilingual country. Indonesian people use varieties of language. In Indonesia, the language
and ethnic / regional languages such as Javanese, Banjarese, Sundanese, Malay, etc. That is why
they mix English with Indonesian or any regional language.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher is interested in conducting a research on
code mixing. The researcher wants to analyze English Indonesian code mixing used by the first
semester English department students of Muhammadiyah University of Malang. The researcher
wants to know the types of English Indonesian code mixing used by the first semester English
department students in English day. The researcher also wants to know in what context English
Indonesian code mixing is used by them. Therefore, the researcher writes the study in a thesis
entitled “An Analysis on Code Mixing Day Used by the First English Department Students of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang in the English Held by ESA Progresio”
1.2 Statement of The Problems
Based on the background of the study, the research problems are formulated as follows:
1. What types of code mixing are usually used by the first semester English department
students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in English Day held by ESA
Progresio?
2. What are the contexts of code mixing used by the first semester English department
students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in English Day held by ESA
Progresio?
1.3 The Purposes of The Study
1. To describe the types of code mixing are usually used by the first semester English
department students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in English Day held by
ESA Progresio.
2. To describe the contexts of code mixing used by the first semester English
department students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in English Day held by
ESA Progresio.
1.4 Significance of The Study
The result of this research has both theoretical and practical values. Theoretically, this
study is expected to contribute the theory of sociolinguistics especially code mixing because the
writer explain code mixing in detail.
Practically, the result of this study can be an important reference for students and
lecturers of English Department at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. It is expected that the
students and the lecturers of English Department will get more knowledge and information about
code mixing from this study.
In addition, the researcher also expects that this thesis can be used as an additional or
source of information about code mixing for readers or other researchers who are interested in
doing a similar research.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is the code mixing used by the first semester English department
Meanwhile, the study is limited to the discussion of the language that is used, that is the code
mixing of English and Bahasa Indonesia.
1.6 Definition of The Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms used in the study are defined as follows:
1. Code is a system used for communication between two or more parties. Besides, the
term code is conceptualization of a linguistic variety. It can be a language, speech, or
dialect. Choosing a code is the way people conform communication to their partners.
(Wardhaugh, in Aprila 2011:5)
2. Code Mixing refers to the use of two languages together, changing from one language to
the other in a single utterance. Moreover, the speaker uses a certain language in this
communication; however, he inserts some pieces of another language. It includes the
mixture of words, phrases, and clauses of several languages. (Wardhaugh, in Aprila
2011:6)
3. English Day is a program held by ESA (English Student Association) Progresio in
which all of the first English department students of Muhammadiyah University of
Malang have to speak in English. It is held on Wednesday and Friday.
4. First Semester is the first period of lecture in a school or university. It is six moths
