CODE MIXING IN
MIA ARSJAD’S
CINLOK ACCIDENTALLY
IN LOVE
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
SARTIKA TAMPUBOLON
Registration Number: 209520013
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING
SkripsiinidiajukanolehSartikaTampubolon, NIM 209520013,
JurusanBahasadanSastraInggris
Program StudisastraInggris S-1
FakultasBahasadanSeni
UniversitasNegeri Medan
Dinyatakan telah memenuhi persyaratan untuk
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra
Medan,September 2016 Disetujuioleh: DosenPembimbingSkripsi
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN
Skripsi ini diajukan oleh: Sartika Tampubolon, NIM 209520013 Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Strata Satu Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni
Universitas Negeri Medan
Dinyatakan telah memenuhi persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Sastra
Panitia Ujian
Medan, September 2016
Ketua,
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. NIP. 19641207 199103 2 002
Sekretaris,
i
ABSTRACT
Sartika, A. 2016. Code Mixing in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in Love. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.
This study deals with the types of code mixing in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in Love. The objectives of this study were to find out the type of code mixing dominantly used and to reason the way using of code mixing in dialogue context did the code mixing frequently used in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in love.
The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The findings show that all the types of code mixing occurred in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in love: they were inserting word 53,37%, inserting phrase 22,25%, inserting hybrid 12,85%, inserting word reduplication 0,95%, , inserting idiom and collocation 0,31%, inserting clause 6,27%. The most dominant types of code mixing were inserting word. And reason the using code mixing in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in love novel are to beautify of language of the novel to get attention of the readers, make the novel more attractive, and enjoyable for the readers. It is hoped that the result of this study is useful to everyone who wants to study about code mixing.
ii
Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved
people especially for the loyal supporters. Therefore, the writer would like to
express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, and as her Thesis Adviser and as the Angel for her finding problem solving as long
as finishing her thesis. Who has given her suggestions and comments to
revew and revise this thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department and
as Reviewer and Examiner, who has given her goodnes, patients, support, and
problem solving finishing this thesis.
Nora Ronita Dewi S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program. And as her Reviewer and Examiner who has given her
guidance, support.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., as Reviewer and Examiner, who has
given her giudance, support, and comments.
Mam Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, S.Pd., M.Pd., for her kind help in providing academic administrations to the writer. The best family of the author, her beloved Mother, Mrs. L. R. Samosir, her
beloved father, Mr. M Tampubolon, her sisters Sherly Marlinton and
Jesika Mariana, and her brother Ervandy Fransiskus, Jhon Morris, Eno
iii
and laughter shared during the writer’s life. Her loves them so much. Also her
great family for the support during the completion of this thesis.
The especially thanks for Christan & Melisa (yaya) for giving her laughter
and hapine, support juring completed her thesis.
The writer`s best colleagues : Safriana Silitonga, Lenny R. Situmorang, for the friendship, togetherness, helps, laugh and tears, and for all the sweet andhappy memories shared.
And great thankfull for Westlife and their Songs, especially for Mark Feehely for giving her motivated by hearing all the songs when typing herthesis.
All Students of English Department in Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’09,
that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their support, info,
assistance, and best moment ever during the academic year.
Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of this thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the memories
that the writer got during her study at this beloved campus. Thank you very
much. God bless. Amin.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete, may all the assistance can be their charity.
Medan, September 2016 The Writer,
Sartika Tampubolon
iv
A.Theoretical Framework ... 8
1. Sociolinguistics ... 8
2. Bilingualism ... 8
3. Code Mixing ... 10
a. Cause Factors of Code Mixing ... 11
b. Types of Code Mixing ... 13
b. About Cinlok Accidentally in Love ... 16
B.Relevant Studies ... 18
v
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 20
A.Research Method ... 20
B.Source of Data ... 20
C.Technique for Collecting Data ... 20
D.Technique for Analyzing Data ... 21
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 22
A.Data ... 22
B.Data Analysis ... 22
C.Research Findings ... 52
D.Discussion ... 53
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 54
A.Conclusion ... 54
B.Suggestion ... 54
REFERENCES ... 55
vi LIST OF TABLES
Table
2.1. Example of Each Types on Indonesia – English ... 15
4.1. Data of Code Mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in love ... 22
4.2. The Analysis of Code Mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in Love ... 23
4.3. The Percentage of Types of Code Mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.The Background of the Study
Language is the one of the most powerful emblems of social behavior. It
means that language is important for human being. There is human, there is
language. That is the fact, between human and language is tightly united. Using
of language to send social messages about us, where we come from, and who we
associate with.
Language is used by the people as a tool of communication to express
their thought, feeling, and idea. (Morley 2000: 7) states that language represents
just one of the ways in which we as humans can behave, that is to say can perform
a behavioral act. We can of course behave without resorting to the use of
language. For example, we can play the piano, maw the lawn or coo the dinner.
We frequently partly with the assistance of language, as for example when we
great someone by shaking hands at the same time as saying Hello, Jill. Pleased to
meet you or when we offer to help with the washing up by asking Can I give you a
hand? as we pick up a tea towel and start to dry the dishes. But a great deal of our
behavior is performed by the using of language alone, e.g. Can you tell me the
way to the Post Office, please? Would you like a cup of tea?.
Basiclly, language is divided in to two types; by spoken and written.
Spoken language is language produce, in spontaneous form, for example in a
2
by the text through a certain media such a novel, book, magazine, newspaper,
article, etc.
Nowadays, both spoken and written language as been developed and the
development bring the language use into some variations of language. Since
English is declared as the International language, now people were initiated to use
English and the spread it out the others. Western culture has been spread in
Indonesia especially in language terms. As a consequence, most of the Indonesian
people use the variety of language.
Every region in Indonesia has a language to communicate among people
inside it to get certain goal, such as when someone ask the others to do something
and in other to keep politeness, for example Javanese language is used among
Javanese, Batak language is used among Bataknese, Sunda language is used
among Sundanese, etc.
The phenomenon of code mixing language in Indonesia can be found in
many aspects, for example films, poem, song in lyric Martina I Love You by Trio
Batak Eleksis, novel Cinlok accidentally in Love by Mia Arsjad@work. In this
study the researcher only focused on the code mixing phenomenon in a novel
entitled Cinlok accidentally in Love.
Novel deals with human character in social situation, man as a social
being, long story usually imaginary and events. Hudson (2003:163) confirms that
a novel is concerned directly with life, between man and woman, their thought
and feelings, with their passion and motives by which they are governed and
3
Novel and invented prose narrative of considerable and a certain
complexity that deals imaginatively with human experience, usually through a
connected sequence of events involving a group of person in as, the specific
setting. Within is broad framework, the genre of the novel has encompassed an
extensive range of types and styles: picaresque, epistolary, gothic, romantic,
realist, historical to name of the more important ones.
Nowadays, many authors in Indonesia write their novel in bilingual
language form as the writing style to make the novel more attractive and to get
attention of the readers. To make the novel enjoy able, the author must be creative
to beautify the language through the word choice to make it interesting and to get
the reader’s attention.
In this study, the researcher using a novel entitled Cinlok Accidentally in
love by Mia Arsjad. For the first time the researcher interested in case using code
mixing in giving title of the novel. Actually, in dialogue also the novel consist of
code mixing types of code mixing. For example, ‘’parfumnya yang macho tapi
lembut mampir ke hidung Shani’.Wajah Eri semakin dekat. That is Insertion type
of code mixing. Whereas this sentence is ’’ Shan, lo ngomong sama gue lho. I ‘m
expert on that kind of things!. type Insertion sentence. This study investigated the
types of code mixing which occur in the dialogues spoken by the main characters
and the reason why character mix their dialogue.
In general, people who live in multilingual community, deal with the code
mixing phenomenon. Code mixing is the condition in which a conversant is using
4
the single utterance. Wardhaugh(1986: 103). Code mixing phenomenon is deeply
discussed in sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is a part of linguistics that concerns
with language as a social and cultural phenomenon. One of the variations of
language use is code mixing in which elements of one language are used within a
sentence or discourse I another language (Nababan, 1978).
The researcher is interested to do such investigation to analyze the code
mixing phenomenon in Cinlok Acci dentally in Love since the author mixed up
of Indonesian-English code mixing in expressing her thought, feeling and ideas.
In analyzing the data, the writer used the theory of code mixing proposed by
Kachru (1983), with the theory of types of code mixing; unit insertion, unit
hybridization, sentence insertion, idiom and collocation, and reduplication. The
unit insertion is code mixing process that inserting the word, phrase, or clause into
a sentence from the other language. The unit hybridization is code mixing process
occurs in the phrase level within a sentence. The sentence insertion is the code
mixing process that inserts the sentence from one language to another language.
The idiom and collocation insertion is code mixing process that involves the
idiom and collocation from the other language. The last, reduplication, is code
mixing process that the repeat the same meaning in two languages.
The following is the sentences taken from Cinlok Accidentaly in Love to
point out the code mixing phenomenon in the novel.
- Shani tak perlu buang waktu untuk menekan nomor telepon dan menunggu
5
- ‘’oke. Nanti waktu break sama selesai kelas, aku telepon kamu, ya?’’
Shani merapikan sejumput rambutnya.
- Selebihnya jins dan T-Shirt ’ketat. Malah Shani sengaja membeli beberapa
tank-top baru. Tapi siapa sangka ? kantornya sedingin kulkas.
- Setelah Tanya kanan-kiri dengan muka panik, akhirnya ruang kelas
training ketemu juga.
From example above it can be seen that the code mixing phenomenon
occurs in the sentence. There are two types of code mixing occurs in those
sentences, insertion unit and hybridization unit. Insertion unit is for the word
insertion; break,t-shirt, tank-top, training. And hybridization unit for mood-nya.
B.The Problem of The Study
In this study, the researcher would like to analyze the code mixing
phenomenon used in “Cinlok Accidentally in Love novel. The problem of the
study were formulated as the following :
1. What types of Indonesian – English code mixing are used in Cinlok
Accidentally in Love novel?
2. What is the dominant type of Indonesian – English code mixing in Cinlok
Accidentally in Love novel ?
3. Why is the code mixing used in the way it is in Cinlok Accidentally in
6
D. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the research problems the objectives of the research were
1. To describe types Indonesian-English code mixing used in Cinlok
accidentally in love novel,
2. To derive dominant type of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
Cinlok accidentally in love novel, and
3. To reason the way using of code mixing in Cinlok accidentally in love
novel.
E. The Significance of the Study
Findings were expected to be useful both in theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretically, the finding can add up theories in sociolinguistics. In
addition the finding can be reference for further skills.
2. Practically, it is expected the study will be a useful input for English
students to make a further research of code mixing phenomenon in novel
7
code mixing phenomenon, especially in novel, and finally for the readers
who are interested in doing the linguistics research especially in
54
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the data analysis, the conclusions were stated as the followings :
1. There were six types of code mixing used in Cinlok Accidentally in Love ,
it consists of 183 (53,37%) inserting word, 71 (22,25%) inserting phrase,
41 (12,85%) inserting hybrid, 3 (0,95%) inserting word reduplication, 1
(0,31%) inserting idiom and collocation, 20 (6,27%) inserting clause.
Therefore, there are 193 patterns which are included type of code mixing
used by the author of Cinlok Accidentally in Love.
2. The type of code mixing is frequently used by inserting word (53,37%).
The dominant type is inserting word because she just insert the code
mixing into the stucture of the sentence of her sentence in the novel.
3. Inserting word as the dominant type because it is the easiest way to do
code mixing by insert the unit of a language into other language.
B. Suggestions
Related to the findings, the suggestions were formulated as the followings
:
1. The student can add up theories in sociolinguistics. In addition the finding
can be reference for further skills. It is also expected the study will be
useful input for English Students to make a further research of code
55
2. And the Indonesian author will be inspired to use another type of language
vaiation in arranging the sentences of their writing, especially for the novel
to create an attractive style of writing.
3. By reading this research futher can be a reference for tearcher and useful
56
REFERENCES
Breadsmore, H.B. 1982. Bilingualism : Basic Principles. Cleveron :Wrije Univerteit Brussel.
Chambers, J.K. (2002). Studying Language Variation: An Informal Epistemology.In Chambers etal.
Denzim and Lincoin. 2003. Research Methodology. New York.
Fishman, J.A. 1972. Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Gramley, S., Patzold, K.M., A Survey of Modern English, London, Routledge, 1992
Gumperz, J. J. (1971) Language in Social Groups. Stanford: Stanford University Press
H. Potter Abbott; The Cambridge to Narrative.
Hudson, W.H. 2003. An Introduction to The Study of English Literature. Delhi: A.I.T.B.S
Kachru, B. 1983.Other Tongue: English Across Cultures.University of lllinois.Press.
Morley, G.D. Linguistics Syntax in Funtional Grammar. Continuum: London New York.
Muysken , P. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Nababan, PWJ. (1978). Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code Mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Nazir, M. 1993. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Ohoiwutun, P. 1997. Sociolinguistics. Jakarta: Visipro.
Siburian, H.A. Bilingualism and Multilingualism: A Brief Introduction of Sociolinguistics. Medan State University.
57
Trudgill, P. 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. England: Penguin Books.
Wardhaugh, R 1986. An Introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basic Blackwell Ltd
Wardhaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Ltd
William Harmon & C. Hugh Holman; A Handbook to Literature.
www.Hargrove.org/html/dialogue.html. retreived on 1995.