The Effect of Effective Microorganisms-4 (Em 4) Addition on the
Physical Quality of Sugar Cane Shoots Silage
Sofia Sandi*, Muhakka, & Ardi Saputra
Study Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang Km.32, Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, 30662,
Indonesia
*e-mail:sofiasandi_nasir@yahoo.com
Abstract
This research aimed to find out the physical quality of silage sugarcane shoots with the addition of Effective microorganism (EM-4). This research was conducted in the Laboratory of animal science and in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Microbiology the Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University. Shoots of sugar cane were cut into pieces as long as pieces 2-3 cm and dried up to obtain water levels 60-70%,then the addition of EM4 was done according to dose treatment and stored for 21 days. Physical observation, temperature and the amount of lactic acid bacteria were analyzed descriptively while the measurement of the degree of acidity and percentage fungi of used Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: T0= shoots of sugar cane without treatment (control), T1= shoots of sugar cane+4%EM4 (v/w), T2= shoots of sugar cane+6%EM4 (v/w), T3= shoots of sugar cane+ 8%EM4 (v/w), T4= shoots of sugar cane+10%EM4 (v /w). The results showed that the temperature of silage sugar cane ranges from 27.5-29oC.The ever increasing doses of EM4 showed a yellowish green color. The flavor was sour and fresh fragrant, the increase in the amount of lactic acid bacteria, significantly affect (P<0.05) pH (4.3-5.2) and the percentage of fungi (0.52-2.29%). The conclusion of this research is with increasing the dose of the effective microorganism 4 treatment up to 10 % can retain physical qualities of shoots of sugar cane shoots silage.
Key words: effective microorganism-4, physical quality, silage, sugar cane shoot
Introducton
produc-ton (Koeshartowo, 2011). Shoots of sugar cane s waste not much used by pro-ducers sugar potentally as provdng fodder potental. Besdes, plant cane ordnary harvested season so that can be used as an alternatve a grass substtute who n the season persedaannya greatly reduced. Accordng to Muchtar et al. (1983) declarng that shoots of sugar cane as a grass substtute elephant not gve negatve nfluence aganst cattle cut and dary.
Shoots of sugar cane can be gven n the form of fresh or dred. But weakness of shoots of sugar cane was to have the nature of quck-dryng, wlt and yellow n tme relatvely quckly, therefore necessary preservaton as slage. Praytno (2010) reported that ngredents nutrents shoots of sugar cane processed better than gven fresh. Sumash et al. (2009) declarng that slage s the storage and fermentng for-age fresh n anaerobc condton wth the help of lactc acd bactera. Compos-ton nutrCompos-tonal value n slage wll experence change namely carbohydrates should abate, but proten rough on slage good wll not undergong many changes.
Effectve mcroorgansm 4 (EM-4) s a mxture of varous mcroorgansms whch can be utlzed as a source of noculum n mprovng feed qualty. Utlzaton of the EM-4 as a source of mkroba n sugar cane shoots n slage laborators can mprove nutrton and expected to play a role n overcomng the constrants of lack of feed dry all season.
Materals and Methods
Ths research was carred out at the farm as well as Enclosure Experment Laboratory of Nutrton and Chemcal Laboratory and Mcrobology Agrcultural Faculty of Agrculture Unversty of Srwjaya for 4 months.
The materals used n ths research s derved from the shoots of sugar cane sugar cane plantatons love sweetly dstrct of suspects ogan, lr effectve mcroorgansm-4 (em-mcroorgansm-4) derved from palembang cnde market and chemcals and equpment for analyss .
The making of silage shoots of sugar cane
The shoots sugar cane frst cleaned then wll be cut wth 2-3 cm and dkerng angnkan to the water level 60-70%. Each sample was em-4 n accordance wth the dose of the treatment. Later ncluded n nto the plastc bags to dense and bound to happen anaerobc condton and deposted for 21 days. After the fermentaton of the 21 days fnshed, the sample measure temperature t s, and then opened and was taken mmedately samples analyzed.
Research design and data analysis
T0 = Shoots sugar cane wthout treatment (control) T1 = Shoots sugar cane + 4% EM-4 (v/w)
T2 = Shoots sugar cane + 6% EM-4 (v/w) T3 = Shoots sugar cane + 8% EM-4 (v/w) T4 = Shoots sugar cane + 10% EM-4 (v/w)
Data s processed and analyzed wth the fngerprnt of the deskrftf varety n accordance wth the draft s used, If the treatment effect s real then conducted tests n Multple Areas of Advanced Multple Range Test Duncan (DMRT) (Steel and Torre, 1991).
Variable
The varables observed ware the physcal characterstcs ncludng tempera-ture, color, aroma and texture of a percentage of the fung (Yusmad, 2008), pH (AOAC, 1990), and the amount of lactc acd bactera (Fardaz, 1987).
Results and Dscusson
Characteristics of Silage
The temperature of the sugar cane shoots durng the process of slage enslase ranges from 27.5-29 oC, temperature s a characterstc of a good slage. Ths s n
accordance wth statement Okne et al. (2005), whch reported good qualty slage s produced at temperatures between 25 to 37 oC. The dfference n temperature s
due to the exstence of the actvty of mcro-organsms that produce carbon and heat producton due to the process of respraton n the ntal phase (phase aerobc) ens-lase so that the formaton of carbon doxde (CO2), water (H2O) and heat (Coblentz, 2003).
Research results show that sugarcane shoots aromatc treatment T0, T1, T2, and T3 s an aromatc acd, whereas treatment T4 was flavorful fragrant fermen-taton. The dfference n ths fragrance guess because the hgher the level the use of EM-4 to 10% dose (T4), leadng to an ncreased number of lactc acd bactera (Table 1), n whch the bactera that produce fragrant aroma of fermentng. Smells sour on treatment of T0, T1, T2, and T3 s allegedly the end product of fermenta-ton lactc acd not only alone, but also produces butyrc and acetc acd, alcohol. Abdelhad et al. (2005), statng the characterstcs of good slage s aromatc acds and fragrant fermentaton (Abdelhad et al., 2005).
The research results of texture for slage sugarcane shoots slky-textured show that untl rather delcate. The addton of the EM-4 at a dose of 10% (T4) can fne-tune the texture of sugar cane, slage at the helm had expected the EM-4 can be rough fbers and degrades the Flex bond lgnoselullosa, so that the texture of slage sugarcane shoots becomes refned. Ths s n accordance wth statement Darmawan (2010), whch reported the use of EM-4 n fermentaton can lower the levels of crude fber. Good slage wll see a refned texture (Ratnakomala et al., 2006; Rdla
et al., 2007).
Statstcal results show the addton of the EM-4 at the helm of dfferent slage sugarcane real (P>0.05) aganst the percentage of fung. T4 treatment has the lowest percentage of fung (0.52%) whle the hghest on treatment T0 (2.29%). The add-ton of the EM-4 to 10% of the dose of the acceleratng phase of anaerobc, because the hgher the addton of EM-4 to 10% of the dose the hgher the amount of lactc acd bactera too whch helps speed up anaerobc phase so that the fungus cannot grow wth fertle, whle n treatment T0 (control) s allegedly a longer phase of aerobnya because t s not added to the EM-4 so slow lactc acd bactera evolved as a result of fung can utlze aerobc phase to grow and thrve. Fungal growth on ths research only at the top of the course, because dense less than perfect, so the process of respraton contnued as a result formed CO2, H2O and heat. Water that s formed, causng dffcult gong anaerobc condtons, so that fung grow and develop. Ths fungus wll produce mkotoksn/toxns that can nterfere wth the health of cattle (Coblentz, 2003).
pH Silage Shoots of Sugar Cane
The results showed the addton of dverse EM-4 slase n the sugar cane
Tabel 1. The physcal characterstcs, pH and total of lactc acd bactera slage shoots of sugar cane
Treatment
Tempera-ture Colour Aromatc Texture pH % fung ∑ LAB
T0 29 Green
Fragrant refned 4.3±0.0a 0.52±0.41a 5.2 x 108
dfferent real (P>0.05) n degrees acd (pH). The result showed that the contnued degrees acd (pH) slase ths research s vared n sugar cane crtera from good to bad. The qualty of a good slase found n treatment T4 (4.3) and the qualty of poor for treatment T0 (5.2). Macaulay (2004) sad that can slase the qualty of beng nducted nto four categores, whch s well (pH 3.2-4.2), good (pH 4.2-4.5), bad (pH 4.5-4.8), and very bad (> 4.8). The addton of the EM-4 pH affect the qualty of slage, because the hgher the awardng of EM-4 to 10% dose, then the greater the decrease n pH. A decrease n the pH of the slage s nfluenced by lactc acd bactera durng the process of enslase. Wth the large number of lactc acd bactera contaned n the slage sugarcane leaf would be more effectve to facltate the pro-cess of enslase and wll contnue to progress untl the pH s low enough to nhbt the growth of mkoorgansme predomnantly adverse (Lopez, 2000).
Total Lactic Acid Bacteria
Lactc acd bactera are a group of bactera that are capable of convertng car-bohydrates (glucose) nto lactc acd. Baktersdal effects of lactc acd are assoc-ated wth a decrease n the pH of the envronment beng 3 to 4.5 so that the growth of other bactera ncludng pembusuk bactera wll be hampered. The largest amount of lactc acd bactera n treatment of T4 (5.2 x 108 CFU/gr), whle the lowest treat-ment T0 (3.4 x 106 CFU/gr). The dfference n the amount of lactc acd bactera s affected by pH of slage. the pH wll determne whch mcroorgansms are actve n makng slage. Lactc acd bactera shows optmal actvty at pH= 4.3 (Woolford, 1984). Treatment wth addtonal t4 EM-4 to 10% placeman phænogamous dur-ng the lowest enslase. Wth the number of lactc acd bactera contaned n slage shoots of sugar cane of nhbtng the growth wll manly mkoorgansme s harmful. Chen and Wenberg (2008), declare slage good domnated by workng lactc acd bactera and produces lactc acd on the contrary, the process of fermentaton slage a less well cause clostrda develops characterzed by hgh levels of butyrc acd (elfernk et al., 2000).
Conclusons
Based on the research nconclusve that ncreases n dosages effectve mcroor-gansm- 4 treatment of 10% dosages can mprove the physcal qualty of of slage shoots of sugar cane.
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