Ellen Hartati Nasution : The Strategy Treatment of Anemia among Pregnant Women in Seven Puskesmas Working…, 2005
Strategi Penanggulangan Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil
di Wilayah Kerja Tujuh Puskesmas Kota Medan
Tesis
Program penanggulangan anemia melalui pemberian tablet besi bagi ibu hamil telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 1975 di Indonesia. Survey prevalensi anemia ibu hamil di delapan kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Utara pada tahun 1997 sebesar 78,4%.. Tingginya angka ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan beberapa faktor risiko; yaitu: paritas, jarak kelahiran, status gizi, riwayat persalinan, riwayat penyakit dan pelayanan antenatal dengan kejadian anemia ibu hamil.
Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan matching kasus kontrol dengan cara membandingkan 130 orang ibu hamil anemia dengan 130 orang ibu hamil yang tidak anemia yang diambil dari wilayah kerja tujuh puskesmas quality assurance di Medan. Analisa data mempergunakan Program SPSS versi 1.5 dan regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara: paritas > 3 dengan kejadian anemia ( OR adjusted = 3,9; 95% CI = 1,327 - 11,433; nilai p = 0,013); jarak kelahiran < 2 tahun dan > 3 tahun dengan kejadian anemia (OR adjusted =9,7; 95% CI = 4,699 - 20,400; nilai p = 0,000); status gizi yang tidak baik dengan kejadian anemia (OR adjusted = 8,7; 95% CI = 4,219 - 18,146; nilai p = 0,000); riwayat persalinan yang tidak baik dengan kejadian anemia (OR = 8,5; 95% CI = 2,770 - 26,314; nilai p = 0,000); riwayat penyakit dengan kejadian anemia (OR = 2,4; 95% CI = 1,022 - 5,788; nilai p = 0,045) dan pelayanan antenatal yang tidak baik dengan kejadian anemia (OR = 3,7; 95% CI = 1,272 -10,803; nilai p = 0,016).
Faktor risiko yang paling dominan adalah faktor jarak kelahiran < 2 tahun dan > 3 tahun dengan OR adjusted = 9,7.
Intervensi yang dilakukan untuk mengatur jarak kelahiran dan paritas, meningkatkan pelayanan antenatal, memperbaiki status gizi serta pengelolaan riwayat persalinan dan riwayat penyakit adalah dengan merubah perilaku para ibu maupun petugas kesehatan melalui strategi pendekatan penyuluhan atau Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE).
Kata kunci : Anemia, paritas, jarak kelahiran, Antenatal Care, status gizi, ibu hamil.
Ellen Hartati Nasution : The Strategy Treatment of Anemia among Pregnant Women in Seven Puskesmas Working…, 2005
The Strategy Treament of Anemia Among Pregnant Women
in Seven Puskesmas Working Area in Medan
Thesis
North Sumatera University Postgraduate Program Magister of People Health Science
By: Ellen Hartati Nasution
Abstract
The program of iron deficiency anemia treatment by supplying of iron tablets for pregnant women has been done in Indonesia since 1975. Survey of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in North Sumatera in eight districts in 1997 was 78.4%; which was higher than other provinces in Indonesia.This high prevalence of anemia is influenced by various factors.
This research was aimed to learn the association between risk factors of parity, spacing, nutritional status, history of labor, history of diseases and antenatal care toward anemia among pregnant women.
This was matched case control study using 130 pregnant women with anemia and 130 comparisons pregnant women without anemia taken from seven quality assurance puskesmas working area in Medan. Samples were drawn randomly and the data was collected through direct interview and observation The data was analyzed applying SPSS Program Version 11.5 and the multiple logistic regression.
The study shows that there is a significant association between : parity > 3 and anemia (OR adjusted = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.327 - 11.433; p value = 0.013); spacing less than 2 years or over 3 years and anemia (OR adjusted =9.7; 95% CI = 4.699 -20.400; p value = 0.000); bad nutritonal status and anemia (OR adjusted = 8.7; 95% CI = 4.219 - 18.146; p value = 0.000); bad history of labor and
Intervention to manage spacing, antenatal care, nutritional status, parity and history of labor and diseases by changing behaviours of pregnant women and health worker through the strategy of health education or Communication Information and Education.
Key words: Anemia, parity, spacing, Antenatal Care, nutritional status, pregnant women
Ellen Hartati Nasution : The Strategy Treatment of Anemia among Pregnant Women in Seven Puskesmas Working…, 2005