An Analysis Of Compound Sentences In Arthur Miller’s Play “Death Of A Salesman”

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AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES IN ARTHUR

MILLER’S PLAY “DEATH OF A SALESMAN”

A THESIS

BY

CICIK CHAIRANI NOER

REG.NO. 110721009

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

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AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES IN ARTHUR

MILLER’S PLAY “DEATH OF A SALESMAN”

A THESIS

BY

CICIK CHAIRANI NOER

REG.NO. 110721009

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19570803 198404 1 004

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan In partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of

English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of

Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara on Friday, July 19, 2013.

The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. ……….

Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. ……….

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, CICIK CHAIRANI NOER, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN AWARDED USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed : ………

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : CICIK CHAIRANI NOER

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES IN ARTHUR MILLER’S PLAY

DEATH OF A SALESMAN QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Signed : ………

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, the writer would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God,

Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, knowledge, and opportunity to finish her

study as well as the completion of this thesis.

During her study in Department of English Literature, Faculty of Cultural

Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, she has got a lot of supports and helps from many

people in completing this paper.

Therefore, in this chance she would like express her gratitude to:

1. Her beloved parents, H.Muhammad Noer and Alm.Suparni Kinik Ardian for

their attentions, advices, supports, materials, and spiritual contributions during

her study and finishing this paper.

2. Dr.H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. as my supervisor and Drs. H. Chairul Husni,

M.Ed. TESOL as my co-supervisor, who given many valuable ideas, comment,

and guidance in improving this paper.

3. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. the dean of Faculty of Letters, University of North

Sumatera who had given me the opportunity and facilities as long as in Faculty

of Letters.

4. All her beloved friends, especially Hanim, Ari, Vivi, Agung, Rahmat, Nila,

Reni, and Feri, for their support and sharing the good and bad time in finishing

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Finally, the writer really realize that this paper is still far from being perfect.

Therefore, she welcome any constructive critics and suggestions towards this paper.

Medan, July, 2013

The writer,

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Compound Sentences in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pembentukan kalimat majemuk dalam karya drama Arhur Miller Death of a Salesman, untuk menentukan pola pembentukan kalimat majemuk mana yang paling dominan muncul dalam drama karya Arhur Miller Death of a Salesman, dan juga menjelaskan kegunaan dari kalimat majemuk tesebut. Kalimat majemuk adalah kalimat yang terdiri dari satu atau lebih dari satu kalimat yang terbentuk dari penghubung koordinat, tanda baca titik koma, dan dengan keterangan konjungtif. Dapat dikatakan juga bahwa kalimat majemuk terdiri dari dua atau lebih kalimat tunggal dalam bentuk klausa independen. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dimana datanya diambil menggunakan sistem random sampling. Sumber data dari skripsi ini adalah drama karya Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman yang diambil dari Act I dan Act II (dari halaman pertama dampai halaman kesepuluh). Skripsi ini terdiri dari lima bab. Bab pertama adalah Pendahuluan yang berisikan latar belakang penelitian, masalah penelitian, tujuan penelitian, batasan penelitian, dan kebermanfaatan penelitian. Bab kedua menjelaskan tentang pengertian dari kalimat majemuk. Bab ketiga membahas tentang metode penelitian. Bab keempat adalah Analisis dan Hasil yang berisikan analisis kalimat-kalimat majemuk

yang diperoleh dari karya drama Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman dan mencari jenis

kalimat majemuk yang paling dominan digunakan. Dan bab terakhir mengenai kesimpulan

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ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “An Analysis of Compound Sentences in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman”. The objective of the study are to find out forms of compound sentence in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman, to determine the most dominant form of compound sentence in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman and to describe the usage of compound sentence. A compound sentence is a sentence contains of one or more sentences joined into coordinate conjunction, a comma plus a joining word, punctuation of semicolon, and conjunctive adverb. It can be said that compound sentence is made in two or more simple sentences in the form of independent clauses. This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method. The data is taken from the play with purposive sampling. The data of this thesis is collected from Act I and Act II in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman (from the first pages to tenth pages). This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction which consists of background of the study, problem of the study, objective of the study, scope of the study, and significance of the study. The second chapter describes about compound sentences. The third chapter explains about research methodology. The fourth chapter contains the analyzing and the result which it contains the analyzes of the compound sentences found in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman and find the most dominant using of compound sentence. And the last chapter gives the conclusions which are taken

from the previous chapter. From previous explanations and the analysis, it can drawn

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Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Compound Sentences in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pembentukan kalimat majemuk dalam karya drama Arhur Miller Death of a Salesman, untuk menentukan pola pembentukan kalimat majemuk mana yang paling dominan muncul dalam drama karya Arhur Miller Death of a Salesman, dan juga menjelaskan kegunaan dari kalimat majemuk tesebut. Kalimat majemuk adalah kalimat yang terdiri dari satu atau lebih dari satu kalimat yang terbentuk dari penghubung koordinat, tanda baca titik koma, dan dengan keterangan konjungtif. Dapat dikatakan juga bahwa kalimat majemuk terdiri dari dua atau lebih kalimat tunggal dalam bentuk klausa independen. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dimana datanya diambil menggunakan sistem random sampling. Sumber data dari skripsi ini adalah drama karya Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman yang diambil dari Act I dan Act II (dari halaman pertama dampai halaman kesepuluh). Skripsi ini terdiri dari lima bab. Bab pertama adalah Pendahuluan yang berisikan latar belakang penelitian, masalah penelitian, tujuan penelitian, batasan penelitian, dan kebermanfaatan penelitian. Bab kedua menjelaskan tentang pengertian dari kalimat majemuk. Bab ketiga membahas tentang metode penelitian. Bab keempat adalah Analisis dan Hasil yang berisikan analisis kalimat-kalimat majemuk

yang diperoleh dari karya drama Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman dan mencari jenis

kalimat majemuk yang paling dominan digunakan. Dan bab terakhir mengenai kesimpulan

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ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “An Analysis of Compound Sentences in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman”. The objective of the study are to find out forms of compound sentence in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman, to determine the most dominant form of compound sentence in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman and to describe the usage of compound sentence. A compound sentence is a sentence contains of one or more sentences joined into coordinate conjunction, a comma plus a joining word, punctuation of semicolon, and conjunctive adverb. It can be said that compound sentence is made in two or more simple sentences in the form of independent clauses. This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method. The data is taken from the play with purposive sampling. The data of this thesis is collected from Act I and Act II in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman (from the first pages to tenth pages). This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction which consists of background of the study, problem of the study, objective of the study, scope of the study, and significance of the study. The second chapter describes about compound sentences. The third chapter explains about research methodology. The fourth chapter contains the analyzing and the result which it contains the analyzes of the compound sentences found in Arthur Miller’s Play Death of a Salesman and find the most dominant using of compound sentence. And the last chapter gives the conclusions which are taken

from the previous chapter. From previous explanations and the analysis, it can drawn

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, problem of the study, objective of

the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, and definition of the key terms.

1.1Background of the study

Language is the institutions whereby humans communicate and interact with

each other by means of habitually used and oral auditory arbitrary symbols (Halls,

1968: 158). The language is a main tool to communicate in human lives, either individually or socially. Individually, the language is a tool to express ideas and

feelings to everybody. In other words, language is used as a system of

communication and interaction in a society.

Talking about language, we can not separate it from sentences. We use

sentences both in written and in spoken. Langan (2003: 100) states that sentence is a

group of word that has a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. A

sentence is usually a grammatically complete statement tied together and conveys an

idea, event, or description. A sentence is a unit of expression; it arranges the part of

speech to mirror a perception or an understanding. Word clusters named nominal,

verbal, adjective, and adverbial are combined to from the sentence. A sentence can

include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation,

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number of clauses they contain: simple sentence, compound sentence, complex

sentence, and compound-complex sentence.

We find that a simple sentence has one clause. We always combine two

simple sentences or more to make them easy in sharing the information and stress

some means. The combination of two simple sentences or more is a called a

compound sentence (McClelland and Marcotte, 2003:131).

A compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses, does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (with or without a comma), a correlative conjunction (with or without a comma), a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (the first letters of which spell "fanboys"). The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a comma splice and is generally considered an error (when used in the English Language).

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_sentence)

When we write the compound sentence, we must be careful. The ideas in the

two simple sentences must be closely related in thought. If the two ideas are not

closely related in thought, the new sentence is not correct or wrong.

Kaplan (1995: 134) states that the term of grammar is often used to a

particular body of information about a language. A grammar is a way of describing

what a language does. It has something to do with the structure of words and

sentences. The language used in the drama or play is to present the grammar and the

exact meaning of language. And the compound sentence in the drama plays the

important rule in the sentence in order to make the reader understand the idea of it’s

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The writer of this thesis is interested in choosing compound sentences in the

play Death of a salesman written by Arthur Miller as the topic of her thesis.

Because, when she read this play, she usually does not care about the structure. She

does not know what kind of compound sentence that the author uses and do not

understand how to form a compound sentence, and why the compound sentences

used in this play. Besides she stills many difficulties in developing and using

sentences in speaking and writing.

Finally, the research of this thesis focuses on the compound sentence that can

be traced in the play written by Arthur Miller entitled Death of a Salesman. The

writer found so many compound sentences used in the dialogue, especially in the

prologue.

1.2Problem of the study

Based on the description in the Background of the Study above, some problems are formulated as follows:

a. What forms of compound sentences are found in Arthur Miller’s play Death

of a Salesman?

b. Which form of compound sentence is the most dominant used and how are

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1.3Objectives of the study

Objective of a study is a statement about the activities and objects which are

going to be analyzed based on the problem of the analysis. Based on the statement of

the problem, the writer thinks that are some objective of analyzing the topic such as:

a. To find out the forms of compound sentences are used in Arthur Miller’s play

Death of a Salesman.

b. To find out the most dominant form of compound sentences and to describes

the usage of it in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman.

1.4Scope of the study

The analysis of this thesis is limited on the form of compound sentences used

in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman and their three forms such as,

compound sentence with coordinate conjunction, compound sentence with

conjunctive adverb, and compound sentence with punctuation of semicolon.

1.5Significance of the study

The significance of the study contains theoretical and practical use.

Theoretically, to enrich knowledge about sentences especially compound sentence

including how to make each forms of compound sentence. Practically, this thesis

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1SENTENCE AND CLAUSE 2.1.1 A Brief Note on Sentence

A sentence is normally defined as a word or group of words that has a subject and a verb and must expresses a complete thought (Langan, 2003:100). The subject

includes the noun or pronoun that tells what the subject is about and what the

sentence says about the subject is called the verb (Langan, 2003:231).

Examples: Most students failed the test

Subject Verb

.

The bus arrived shortly

Subject Verb

.

Ninda learnt French at school

Subject Verb

.

Webster (1935: 280) gives a comprehensive definition of sentences that a

sentences is a group of words so related as to convey a complete thought with the

force of asserting something or of asking, commanding, exclaiming or wishing

structurally considered as a group of words forming one or more predications (in the

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above, there are four kinds of sentences (Wren &Martin, 1990:1): declarative,

exclamatory, interrogative, and imperative.

2.1.1.1 Declarative or Assertive Sentence

A declarative sentence is sentence that makes a statement or assertion. The declarative sentence ends with a period mark (.). It is the common type of sentence

used. In a declarative sentence, the subject and predicate have normal word order.

The declarative sentence can be divided into two types: affirmative and negative

sentence.

- Affirmative is a sentence which stated the positive statement.

Examples: - My best friend is a diligent

-

student.

The poem is very difficult

-

.

She has a good memor

- Negative is the sentence which stated the denial statement. y.

Examples: - I can’t read them without my

-

glasses.

She is not a

-

student.

There are no pictures in this book.

2.1.1.2 Interrogative Sentence

Interrogative sentence is sentence which asks a question and it needs an answer. The sentence ends with a question mark (?) in writing. The interrogative

sentence can be divided into two: yes/no question and informative sentence.

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Examples: - Do you go to the movie

-

?

Did you see the movie last night

- Informative question is a question that needs the information as the answer. ?

Examples: - How much does it cost

-?

Where do you live?

2.1.1.3 Imperative Sentence

Imperative sentence is a sentence which states the command or request. In imperative sentence, only the predicate is expressed. The simple form of the verb is

used. The imperative sentence ends with a period in written language and a drop in

pitch in spoken.

Examples: - Shut the door

-

! (command)

Could you close the book? (request)

2.1.1.4 Exclamatory Sentence

Exclamatory sentence is a sentence which expresses a feeling of

amazement, a surprise or even a compliment of something. In written language, the

exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamatory mark (!). In spoken language, the

important word in exclamatory phrase may receive a stronger degree of stress and be

accompanied by a rise in pitch.

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2.1.2 A Brief Note on Clause

A clause may be defined in the same way as a sentence; it is simply a word

having a subject and a verb (Langan, 2003:120). There are two kinds of clauses:

- Independent clause: it has one subject part and one predicate part, it expresses a

complete thought and it can stand alone. We can say the independent clause is

also simple sentence.

Example: - My brother studies very hard

The subject part is (my brother) and the predicate part (studies very hard). .

It express a complete thought and can not stand alone.

- Dependent clause: it is a group of words that contains a unit of subject and a

unit of verb but does not expresses a complete thought, in another word it

cannot stand alone (Miller, 1952: 255). Example:

- After the basketball game was over

The subject part is (the basketball) and the predicate part is (was over). It can

not stand alone and it must be combined with independent clause to make a complete

thought.

.

Based on the number and kind of clauses within a sentence, sentences in

English are traditionally described as simple, compound, complex, or

compound-complex (2003: 139). Each is explained below:

2.1.2.1Simple Sentence

A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause with no dependent

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- Dina fixes a camera.

2.1.2.2Compound Sentence

A compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses joined

by a coordinating conjunction (Laidlaw, 1987: 88). For example:

- Dina fixes her camera and she will give it to Reni.

2.1.2.3 Complex Sentence

A complex sentence is made up of a simple sentence (a complete

statement) and a statement that begins with a dependent word/ dependent clause

(Langan, 2003: 142). Here is a list of common words according to Langan

(2003:142):

Dependent Words

After if, even if when, whenever

although, though in order that where, wherever

as since whether

because that, so that which, whichever

before unless while

even though until who

how what, wherever whose

For Example:

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2.1.2.4 Compound-Complex Sentence

A compound-complex sentence is made up of two (or more) simple sentences

and one (or more) dependent statements (Langan, 2003:146). For example:

- Dina fixes a camera and she will give it to Reni because her father buys

a new camera.

2.2 COMPOUND SENTENCE

A sentence will be called “compound” when it consists of two or more

independent clauses. A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two principal

or main clauses, with or without subordinate clauses (Miller, 1952: 255). It can be

said that a compound sentence is made up of two or more complete thoughts

(Langan, 2003:53). It is mostly used in reading and writing a text. For example, look

at the following sentences below:

- The man is so poor

-

.

He is honest

These two simple sentences can be combined to form one compound sentence. .

- The man is so poor but he is honest

The two complete statements in a compound sentence are usually connected

by a comma plus a joining, or coordinating word (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), or

with a semicolon (;) and sometimes use subordinate conjunction. .

We know that a sentence is the combination of clauses. The clauses from

simple sentences join with subordinate clauses to make compound sentence. The

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2.2.1 Coordinate Conjunction

Coordinate conjunction is ways of showing the exact relationship of ideas

within a sentence. And a coordinate conjunction is a conjunction that joins sentences

of equal rank or it joins words that stand in the same relation to some other word in

the sentence (Langan, 2003:147). Put a comma plus a joining word (also known as a

coordinating conjunction), such as and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet.

A coordinate process gives the balance of writing by bringing together

related independent clauses. Each of the coordinate conjunction has a different

meaning and function. There are several conjunction according to Langan

(2003:537):

COORDINATE CONJUNCTION

MEANING FUNCTION

And

In addition to

However

To contrast ideas

To show case

To reinforce negative

To show possibilities

To show result

To show contrast or

difference

2.2.2 Punctuation of Semicolon

A semicolon is a comma and period combined with this mark (;). The

semicolon (;) is made up of a period above comma and sometimes called a strong

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full pause of a period (Langan, 2003:126). It shows that first word in the clause after

the semicolon begins with a small later. A semicolon may appear before a coordinate

conjunction or join clauses if there is already internal punctuation within one or more

of the clauses.

A semicolon is used to do the following (Langan, 2003: 331):

- Join two complete thoughts that are not already connected by a joining word such

as and, but, for, or, and so.

Example: She lives in Malaysia; her mother lives in London

- Join two complete thoughts that include a transitional word such as however,

moreover, therefore, furthermore, otherwise.

.

There is a list common transitional word (also known as Adverbial

Conjunction). Brief meanings are given for the words according to Langan (2003:

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TRANSITIONAL WORD MEANING

as a substitute

in the intervening time

under other conditions

in fact

Example: Ratna always does her homework every night; however she forgets

this night.

- Join independent clauses when one or both clauses contain comma.

Examples: She is a lazy, dishonest girl; and we all hate her.

2.2.3 Conjunctive Adverb

Conjunctive adverb, like coordinate conjunction and punctuation of

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sentence. The conjunctive adverbs which join independent clauses behave both as

conjunctions and as adverbs. As conjunctions, they have the function of connecting

grammatical structures. (Frank, 1972: 226) states that if conjunctive adverb as

adverb, it both provides transitional adverbial meanings and have the ability of

filling adverbial positions. It means that conjunctive adverb connects the structures

of independent clauses. Example:

- Nina really like mango, besides she also likes apple

The conjunctive adverb (besides) connects the first independent clauses with

the second independent clauses. It means that conjunctive adverb explains the

independent clauses in a sentence.

.

Frank also states that the conjunctive adverbs are listed under the relationship

they show. Frank gives the relationship between conjunctive adverb and coordinate

conjunction (1972:227):

No Conjunctive Adverb Function Corresponding Coordinate Conjunction

1.

2.

3.

Besides, likewise, moreover,

furthermore, and in addition

Accordingly, consequently,

hence, then, therefore, as a

result, of for the reason

Then, subsequently, meanwhile,

Addition

Result

Time

And

So

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4.

afterward, earlier, and later

However, nevertheless, still,

nonetheless, conversely,

otherwise, instead, in contrast, or

on the other hand.

Contrast

(concession)

But, yet

Conjunctive adverbs joining clauses are punctuated in the same way as other

adverbs. It is a guide by whether we would pause in speech. Example:

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1Research Method

The essential part in analyzing problem is to have method of the analysis. In

his thesis, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive qualitative

method is a method of analysis by describing and analyzing the data and then giving

interpretative and explanation. The writer applies library research to get supporting

information related to the topic of analysis.

The data is taken from the play with purposive sampling. Bungin (2001:118)

says “Tekhnik Purposive Sampling ini digunakan berdasarkan pengetahuan yang jeli

terhadap populasi, maka unit-unit yang dianggap “kunci”, diambil sebagai sample

penelitian.” (This purposive sampling is used according to acculate understanding

about population, therefore only the “key” are collected as research sample).

The writer chose the whole act in the play (two acts). Then from the whole

acts, the writer takes the data from the first to the tenth pages each of the selected

acts for coordinate conjunction, while the data for compound sentence with

punctuation of semicolon and conjunctive adverb are from two acts.

3.2Source Data

The data of this study are play written by Arthur Miller entitled Death of a salesman. The writer chose the whole act in the play (two acts). Then from the whole

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acts for coordinate conjunction, while the data for compound sentence with

punctuation of semicolon and conjunctive adverb are from two acts.

The books that used by the writer are Sentence Skills and English Skills with

Reading by Jhon Langan, Modern English: Exercise for Noun-Native Speakers by

Marcella Frank, and High School English Grammar & composition by Wren &

Martin.

3.3Data Collecting Method

The writer tries to analyze the data by collecting some references which are

related to this thesis. There are some steps that the writer has done to analyze the

data:

First of all, the writer collects the data about compound sentences Arthur Miller’s

play Death of a Salesman. Secondly, the writer chooses sentences which grouped as

compound sentences and give the underline on the sentences. Thirdly, those

sentences will be classified based on the form. Fourthly, the writer writes down the

form of compound sentences to be analyzed.

3.4Data Analyzing Method

After collecting the data, the writer tries apply a theory to describe compound

sentences with their forms and the function. Then, the writer analyzes the most

dominant form of compound sentence in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman

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X x 100% = N Y

X = Number of type of compound sentence

Y = Total number of all items

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

This chapter consists of analysis and finding of the research. The analysis is

about forms of compound sentence found in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a

Salesman. It is necessary to find out the most dominant form of compound sentence.

This analysis will be formed in a table for each variable (type of compound

sentence), the table contains chapter, pages, and line in a single column to make it is

easy in relating the data to the play Death of a Salesman and also containing the

analysis of the compound sentence in a single column.

4.1An Analysis of Compound Sentence with Coordinate Conjunction

No Sentence

Page/ Act/ Line

Analysis (1) It is small and fine,

telling of the grass and

trees and the horizon.

447/I/1 This sentence use

coordinate conjunction

(and), has meaning “in

addition to”, the function

is to link ideas of two

main clauses. And the

ideas are equal in each

clause.

(2) Two beds are dimly seen,

and at the back of the room a dormer window.

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clause.

(3) The entire setting is wholly, or, in some

places, partially

transparent.

coordinates conjunction

(or), has meaning

“choice”, and the

function is to show

possibilities of two main

clauses.

(4) He hears but he is not aware of it.

but), has meaning

“however”, and the

function is to contrast

ideas of two main clause.

But the ideas are still

equal in each other.

(5) He unlocks the door, comes into the kitchen,

and thankfully lets his burden down, feeling the

soreness of his palm.

clause.

(6) She gets out and puts on a robe, listening.

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clause.

(7) Suddenly I realize I’m goin’ sixty miles an hour

and I don’t remember the last five minutes.

clause.

(8) You never went for your new glasses.

(for), has meaning “as a

result”, and the function

is to show cause of two

main clause.

(9) Your mind is over-active,

and the mind is what counts, dear.

clause.

(10) Linda, the trees are so thick, and the sun is warm.

(36)

clause.

(11) I opened the windshield

and just let the warm air bathe over me.

clause.

(12) I’m supposed Brown and

Morrison tomorrow

morning at ten o’clock to

show the line.

clause.

(13) Why don’t you go down to the palace

tomorrow and tell Howard you’ve simply

got to work in New

York?

clause.

(37)

Howard, he don’t

appreciate.

but), has meaning

(15) You finally own it, and

there’s nobody to live in

it.

clause.

(16) They should’ve arrested the builder for cutting those down.

main clause.

(17) On Willy’s last line, Biff

and Happy raise

themselves up in their

beds, listening.

clause.

(38)

and my support, Linda coordinate conjunction (and), has meaning “in

clause.

(19) And we’ll open the windshield, and take

lunch.

clause.

(20) She turns, goes over to the bed, takes his jacket,

and goes out of the bedroom.

clause.

(21) Biff gets out of bed, comes downstage a bit,

and stands attentively.

(39)

clause.

(22) I think I got less bashful

and you got more so.

clause.

(23) Biff gets up and moves restlessly about the room.

clause.

(24) To devote you whole life to keeping stock, or

making phone calls, or

selling or buying.

coordinates conjunction

(or), has meaning

“choice”, and the

function is to show

possibilities of two main

clauses.

(25) Texas is cool now, and

it’s spring.

(40)

clause.

(26) And now, I get here, and

I don’t know what to do

with myself.

clause.

(27) All I can do now is wait

for the merchandise manager to die.

main clauses.

(28) He’s good friend of mine, and he just built a terrific estate on Long

island.

clause.

(29) And he lived thee about two months and sold it,

and know he’s building another one.

(41)

clause.

(30) Sure, the guy’s in line for

the vice-presidency of

the store.

main clause.

(31) I just keep knockin’ them over and it doesn’t mean anything.

clause.

(32) And to top it all, I go to their weddings.

clause.

(33) You know how honest I am, but it’s like this girl, see.

453/ I/77 This sentence use

but), has meaning

(42)

(34) That’s why I say to come back here, and we both have the apartment.

clause.

(35) And I’m tellin’ you, Biff, any baby you want.

clause.

(36) I like and still be something.

clause.

(37) He opens the refrigerator, searches in there, and

takes out a bottle of milk.

(43)

clause.

(38) The apartment houses are fading out, and the entire

house and surroundings become covered with

leaves.

clause.

(39) Light rises on the kitchen, Willy, talking,

shuts the refrigerator

door and comes

downstage to kitchen

table.

clause.

(40) Afraid it’s gonna fall in a storm and hit the roof.

clause.

(41) Biff, up in Albany I saw beautiful hammock,

(44)

I think I’ll buy it next

trip, and we’ll hang it right between those two

elms.

clause.

(42) Pleased, puts an arm around each boy and they come down to the

apron.

clause.

(43) Someday I’ll have my own business, and I’ll never have to leave home

any more.

clause.

(44) He liked, but he’s not-well liked.

but), has meaning

(45)

(45) Well, I got on the road,

and I went north to Providence.

clause.

(46) And a couple of other twon in mass, and on to

Portland and Bangor and

straight home!

clause.

(47) You and Hap and I, and

I’ll show you all the

towns.

clause.

(48) America is full of beautiful towns and fine, upstanding people.

(46)

clause.

(49) He holds up a foot for

Willy to look at.

main clauses.

(50) Okay, I’m waiting for

you in my house, Biff.

main clause.

(51) He’s liked, but he’s not well liked.

but), has meaning

(52) And they’ll get married,

and come for a weekend.

472/II/32 This sentence use

(47)

(53) I could built two guest houses, so they’d both come.

subordinate conjunction

(so) and the function is

showing effect or result.

(54) He didn’t mention it, but

I imagine ten or fifteen

thousand.

but), has meaning

(55) Charley bought a General Electric and it’s twenty years old and it’s still

good.

clause.

(56) I just finished paying for the car and it’s on its last legs.

clause.

(57) They time them so when you finally paid for them,

(48)

they’re used up. (so) and the function is

showing effect or result.

(59) I’ll get an advance, and

I’ll come home with a

New York job.

clause.

(60) She kisses him, and a silk stocking is seen

hanging from her hand.

clause.

(61) She runs across the stage and into the kitchen and

lifts it.

(addition to”, the

function i(s to link ideas

of two main clauses. And

the ideas are equal in

each clause.

(62) Yes, he’ll be there for

dinner at six o’clock, I

didn’t forget.

(49)

main clause.

(63) I finally decided to go down the cellar this

morning and take it away and destroy it.

clause.

(64) She is trembling with sorrow and joy.

(addition to”, the

function i(s to link ideas

of two main clauses. And

the ideas are equal in

each clause.

(65) In the middle of her speech, HOWARD

WAGNER, thirty six,

wheels in a small type

writer table on which is a

wire-recording machine

and proceeds to plug in.

clause.

(66) I bought it for dictation,

but you can do anything with it.

but), has meaning

(50)

(67) He flicks the switch and

“Roll out the Barrel” is

heard being whistled.

clause.

(68) The whistling breaks off,

and the voice of

HOWARD’s daughter is

heard.

clause.

(69) I tell you, Willy, I’m gonna take my camera,

and my bandsaw, and all

my hobbies, and all my

hobbies, and out they go.

clause.

(70) You said you’d try to think off some spot for

(51)

me here in town. (for), has meaning “as a

main clause.

(71) Speaking frankly and

between the two of us,

y’know I’m just a little

tired.

clause.

(72) I appreciate that, Willy,

but there is no spot here for you.

but), has meaning

(73) He looks for his lighter, Willy has picked it up

and gives it to him.

clause.

(74) Business is definitely business, but just listen

(52)

for a minute. but), has meaning

(75) See, there were three gold strikes in one month

in Alaska, and I felt like going out.

clause.

(76) And he was eighty four years old, and he’d drummed merchandise in

thirty one states.

clause.

(77) And old Dave, he’d go up to his room, y’

understand, put on his

green velvet slippers-I’ll

never forget- and pick up his phone and call the

buyers, and without ever leaving his room, at the

(53)

age of eighty-four, he

made his living.

(78) There was respect, and

comradeship, and

gratitude in it.

clause

(79) Today, it’s all cut and dried, and there’s no chance for bringing

friendship to bear-or

personality.

clause.

(80) You mustn’t tell me you’ve got people to see-

I put thirty-four years

into this firm, Howard,

and now I can’t pay my insurance!

clause.

(81) You can’t eat the orange

and throw the peel away- a man is not a piece of

fruit!

(54)

clause.

(82) All he has to do is go into any city, pick up the

phone, and he’s making his living and you know

why?

clause.

(83) You can’t feel it with your hand like timber,

but it’s there!

but), has meaning

(84) BERNARD is a quiet, earnest, but self assured young man.

but), has meaning

(85) I can’t deal with him any more, and your father

(55)

gets all upset everytime

he comes.

clause.

(86) She puts her coat and hat on in the kitchen.

main clauses.

(87) CHARLEY, chuckling, shakes his head and

walks away, around the

left corner of the stage.

clause.

(88) A pair of tennis rackets

and an overnight bag are on the floor beside him.

clause.

(89) BERNARD is a quiet, earnest, but self assured

(56)

young man. but), has meaning

(90) Bernard lowers his feet on the table and listens.

clause.

(91) I can’t deal with him any more, and your father gets all upset everytime

he comes.

clause.

(92) I’ve got a lot of typing to do, and your father’s waiting to sign it.

(57)

(93) He comes quickly, guilty,

to BERNARD and

warmly shakes his hand.

clause.

4.2An Analysis of Compound Sentence with Punctuation of Semicolon

No Sentence falls upon the house and

forestage; the surrounding area

shows an angry glow of orange.

punctuation of semicolon

and the function is to join

two complete thoughts

connected by a joining

word (coordinate

conjunction “and”).

(2) I’ll see him in the morning; I’ll have a nice talk with him.

not connected by a

joining word (coordinate

(58)

(3) The roof line of the house is one-dimensional; under and

over it wee see the apartment

buildings.

connected by a joining

word (coordinate

conjunction “and”).

(4) The capital of Alabama is Montgomery; the capital of

Arizona is Phoenix; the capital

of Arkansas is Little Rock; the

capital of California is

Sacramento.

not connected by a

joining word (coordinate

conjunction).

(5) Radio mechanics; television, God knows what, and never

made the slightest mark.

independent clauses

when one or both

independent clauses

contain comma.

4.3An Analysis of Compound Sentence with Conjunctive adverb

No Sentence his cases out into the

living-room, through the draped

conjunctive adverb ‘then’

(59)

kitchen doorway. connecting between two

independent clauses, and

it is showing time.

(2) Then when you’re all set, there’ll be plenty of girls for a

boy like you.

and the function are

connecting between two

it is showing time.

(3) He pauses, then nods in approbation for a few seconds,

then looks upward.

it is showing time.

(4) Then the roof, you got twenty-one dollars remaining.

it is showing time.

(5) Willy feels for them, then

comes back in.

(60)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

From previous explanation and the analysis, the writer can draw several

conclusions that:

A. In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, the compound sentences have

important role to combine the idea among the sentences in order to make

the play can be understood easily and more interesting.

B. The play has three forms of compound sentence which are compound

sentence with coordinate conjunction, compound sentence with punctuation

of semicolon, and compound sentence with conjunctive adverb.

C. There are compound sentences from two acts in the play. the percentages

for each form of compound sentence will describe below:

No Forms of Compound Sentence Frequency Percentage

(1) Compound sentence with

93 98.6%

5 0.7%

conjunctive adverb

5 0.7%

(61)

D. From the table above, the most dominant form of compound sentence is

compound sentence with coordinate conjunction with 93 compound

sentences.

5.2 Suggestion

Finally the writer of this thesis comes to suggest the readers or other writers

that have an interesting in analyzing compound sentence and understand the use of

compound sentence in a written text to help them understand the carried out in the

text, especially in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman. For the next researcher,

the writer suggests you to analyze the using of complex sentence in Arthur Miller’s

play Death of a Salesman, because in line with analyzing my thesis, the writer found

An Analysis Of Compound Sentences In Arthur Miller’s Play “Death Of A Salesman”

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES IN ARTHUR

MILLER’S PLAY “DEATH OF A SALESMAN”

A THESIS

BY

CICIK CHAIRANI NOER

REG.NO. 110721009

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES IN ARTHUR

MILLER’S PLAY “DEATH OF A SALESMAN”

A THESIS

BY

CICIK CHAIRANI NOER

REG.NO. 110721009

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

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