The Supplementation Effect of Fish Oil, Corn Oil, and Zinc in
Fiber Ration on Cholesterol Profile, Omega-3 and
Omega-6 of Alabio Duck Egg
Danang Biyatmoko
Animal Production Department, Agriculture Faculty, University of Lambung Mangkurat
Jl. A. Yani Km 36 Banjarbaru 70714 Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia e-mail: danang_biyat@yahoo.com
Abstract
As a complete nutrient product, the egg of Alabio duck contains high cholesterol, therefore it needs some attention. This research was conducted to reduce this cholesterol level and at the same time to improve its deposit of omega -3 and omega- 6 in the egg, by providing fiber ration containing fish oil, corn oil, and zinc (Zn). The experimental design being used was factorial of 2x5x2 with 100 ducks. The first factor was fiber (F) and the second one was oil and Zn (O). Results showed that the treatments were effective enough in reducing cholesterol and improving the omega -3 and omega- 6 of the egg. The best product was shown by treatment of F1O4 containing 6 % fiber (F1) with 2% fish oil + 4% corn oil + Zinc (O4), either in single or interaction, in decreasing cholesterol and LDL cholesterol at the same time improving HDL cholesterol in plasma, omega -3 (linolenate), and omega -6 (omega -6 ( linoleate) of the Alabio duct egg.e) of the Alabio duct egg. of the Alabio duct egg. duct egg.
Keywords: Alabio duck, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Omega-3 and- 6
Introducton
The egg of Alabo ( Alabo (Anas plathyryncho, Borneo) duck has been a bg choce of consumers as t has hgh nutrent contents, such as 13.1% proten, 14.5% fat, fat, 0.5 % carbohydrate, 1 % ash, and 19.9 g/100 g calory (Byatmoko (2007Byatmoko (2007a). Ths. Ths
duck egg contrbutes as much as 54.14% out ot total egg producton wth 67.32 %67.32 % productvty n South Kalmantan (Byatmoko, 2007 n South Kalmantan (Byatmoko, 2007 (Byatmoko, 2007b). However, snce egg contansHowever, snce egg contans
One of the efforts of reducng cholesterol s thru gastrointestinal system, by bndng pancreatc ble mechansm. Supplementaton of fsh ol and plant ol could lessen egg cholesterol as a result of hpolpdmc effect, and mprove omega-3 and-6 (Supryatna, 1999). Raton rch of 3 comes from fsh ol, whle, omega-6 rom corn ol. Taneja et al.,(1995) descrbed that addton of fsh ol and corn ol wthout buffer supplementaton could gve negatve mpact on other nutrent absorpton. Znc as a buffer, has several roles, such as n cellular actvty, synthess and metabolsm of proten (Lloyd, 1978). The absence of buffer would cause lost ofproten (Lloyd, 1978). The absence of buffer would cause lost of The absence of buffer would cause lost of appette leadng to anorexa, slow growth and producton, as well as msabsorbson of nutrent, ncludng lpd.
The objectve of ths research was to decrease cholesterol and mprove omega-3 and omega-6 n Alabo duck egg thru the ncluson of fber raton contanng fsh ol, corn ol, and znc.
Materals and Methods
Ths research was carred out for three months utlsng 100 Alabo ducks.ducks. Expermental desgn beng used was randomsed block n factoral of 2 x 5 and 2 replcaton wth fve ducks for each replcaton. Dets were formulated as so ca-lory-proten based on producton stage, contanng 18% CP (crude proten) and EMCP (crude proten) and EM (energy metabolc) of 2750 kcal/kg. Factors mplemented were:Factors mplemented were:
Frst Factor, levels of fber (F), were F1= 6% and F2= 8%.and F2= 8%.2= 8%. Second Factor, levels of ol (O), were
O1 = 6% fsh ol + Zn
O2 = 4% fsh ol + 2 % corn ol + Zn O3 = 3% fsh ol + 3 % corn ol + Zn O4 = 2% fsh ol + 4 % corn ol + Zn O5 = 6% corn ol + Zn
Varables evaluated were cholesterol, HDL-plasma cholesterol, LDL-plasma cholesterol, omega-3, and omega-6. Data were analysed as Anova, f there s found a sgnfcant dfference, followed by DMRT.
Results and Dscusson
The same pattern happened n hgh densty lpoproten (HDL), the ndvdualgh densty lpoproten (HDL), the ndvdualthe ndvdual factors showed sgnfcant dfferences (p<0.05) (Table 2). The 6% fber det (F1). The 6% fber det (F1) The 6% fber det (F1)6% fber det (F1) was the best n mprovng plasma HDL (215.890 mg.dl-1), whle the 2 % fsh ol whle the 2 % fsh ol2 % fsh ol
+ 4 % corn ol + Zn (O4) ncreased the hghest HDL (248.575 mg.dl-1). Fsh ol
plays some roles of reducng transfer capacty of LDL cholesterol and plasma lestn (cholesterol acyltransferase), as well as stmulatng thromboxane and mprovng theas well as stmulatng thromboxane and mprovng thestmulatng thromboxane and mprovng the rato of HDL
2HDL3 (Abbey et.al., 1990).
The plasma low densty lpoproten (LDL) cholesterol showed sgnfcant respond (p<0.05) on the nteracton of fber and ol supplementaton n lowerng the LDL (Table 3). The best combnaton was found n F1O4 wth the lowest LDL (13.58e 3). The best combnaton was found n F1O4 wth the lowest LDL (13.58LDL (13.58 mg.dl-1). Mechansm of cholesterol reducton by fsh ol was effectve n reducng
plasma LDL, playng a role as antagregason and reducng plasma trglycerde (Ertsland et. al., 1994 and Snclar, 1996) as a result of the oxdaton of EPA dan DHA (Jandacek et. al.,1991). Besdes, ths supplementaton altered the structure of LDL and LDL receptor n the hepatc cells to be actve to uptake the LDL cholesterol, thus lowerng the plasma LDL cholesterol n the egg (Schectman et al.,1996).
The omega-3 (Table 4) was also affected sgnfcantly (p<0.01) by the nteracton of fber and ol. The best combnaton was contrbuted by F1O4 (6% fber+ 2 % fshF1O4 (6% fber+ 2 % fsh
Table 1. Averages of Alabo Duck Egg Cholesterol (mg.g-1) wth Fber and Ol Dets
Fber levels (F) (%)
Ol and Zn (O)
Averages
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5
F1 11.768 7.434 7.428 6.333 7.296 8.051A
F2 12.253 7.560 7.673 7.003 7.362 8.370B
Averages 12.010c 7.497b 7.550b 6.668aa 7.329b 8.210
Note Dfferent superscrpts wthn coloumns were dfferent very sgnfcantly (p<0.01) and wthn rows (p<0.05).
Table 2. Averages of Alabo Duck Egg HDL Cholesterol (mg.dl-1) wth Fber and Ol Dets
Note Dfferent superscrpts wthn coloumns were dfferent very sgnfcantly (p<0.01) and wthn rows (p<0.05).
F1 195.000 195.860 213.220 253.820 221.550 215.890A
F2 196.880 195.270 195.010 243.330 216.660 209.430B
ol + 4 % corn ol + Zn (236.2 mg.100 g-1). Ths hgh level of omega-3 was due toThs hgh level of omega-3 was due to the fact that corn oil contain α linolenic dan linoleic (Kreutler, 1980). There wereThere were two reasons for the lowerng effect; frst, the hgh fber content (8%) n F2O1 and(8%) n F2O1 and F2O2, dan second, the level of znc (29 ppm) as lmted factor.(29 ppm) as lmted factor.29 ppm) as lmted factor.
The best combnaton ncreased the omega-6 was gven by F1O5 (6% fber +he best combnaton ncreased the omega-6 was gven by F1O5 (6% fber +F1O5 (6% fber + 6% corn ol + Zn (O4) that was 2669 mg.100 g-1 (Table 5). The ncrease of omega- 6The ncrease of omega- 6 omega- 6- 6
n an egg would be lnearly correlated to the level of omega-6 PUFA beng consu- omega-6 PUFA beng consu-med from the det. Scafe et al., (1994) stated that omega- 6 n det s absorbed and- 6 n det s absorbed and
Table 3. Averages of Alabo Duck Egg LDL Cholesterol (mg.dl-1) wth Fber and Ol Dets
Note: Dfferent superscrpts wthn the same rows and coloumns were dfferent sgnfcantly
Table 4. Averages of Alabo Duck Egg Omega-3 (mg.100 g-1) wth Fber and Ol Dets
Note: Dfferent superscrpts wthn the same rows and coloumns were dfferent sgnfcantly
Table 5. Averages of Alabo Duck Egg Omega-6 (mg.100 g-1) wth Fber and Ol Dets
Note: Dfferent superscrpts wthn the same rows and coloumns were dfferent sgnfcantly
F2 1750.1b 1332.8a 1644b 1756b 1763.1b 1649.13
deposted wthout any changes. However, ts depost n the egg was found hgh only. However, ts depost n the egg was found hgh only n the corn ol wth a certan proporton.
Concluson
The ncluson of fber raton wth fsh ol, corn ol, and znc was effectve n reducng cholesterol, at the same tme ncreasng the omega-3 and omega-6 of Alabo duck egg. The best recommendaton was gven to the raton contanng 6% fber and 2% fsh ol + 4% corn ol + Znc, as ts nteracton or as ndvdual n lowerng cholesterol and LDL and ncreasng the plasma HDL cholesterol as well as omega-3 ( lnolenc) and omega-6 ( lnolec) n Alabo duck egg.omega-6 ( lnolec) n Alabo duck egg. duck egg.
Acknowlegement
Ths research was made possble by Hbah Bersang- DP2M- DIKTI- 2009 & 2010 grant that was awarded. We would lke to apprecate for ths opportunty.
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