Applicative Model in Utilizing Mulberry Plant as a Worth Feed
Resource for Increasing Farmers’ Income
S. Syahrir1,* & A. Natsir1
1Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University,
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Km. 10, Tamalanrea, Makasar, 90245, Indonesia *e-mail: nanisyahrir@yahoo.co.id
Abstract
I
ntegration of mulberry plant and livestock can be optimal when implement the applicable management that promote benefits to the farmers, so it can support its sustainability. The aim of this research was to improve farmers’ income as well as animal productivity by exploring some applicative models. There were three applicative models which were tested: the P1 Model= introduction of two goats into the silkworm farming system to enable them to utilize mulberry leaves that are not consumed by the silkworms; the P2 Model= Using the whole mulberry plants as feed ingredients for two feedlot cattle; the P3 Model= Selling mulberry leaves produced for concentrate ingredient. Parameter measured was net income generated from each model. Result of the study indicated that integration models of mulberry plant with livestock have their own uniqueness to be applied. The highest income for farmer was obtained when the whole mulberry plant was used as feedstuff for feedlot cattle (the P2 model). Income of Silkworm farmers also increased when applying the P1 model, which introduced two goats for each box of silkworm rose. But in a certain occasion, it was more beneficial for the farmers to harvest and dry mulberry plant then sells it for concentrate ingredient (the P3 model). In conclusion, the main factor to be considered in choosing one particular model to be implemented is mainly determined by ability of the farmers to procure cattle or goat to be raised in the mulberry plant–livestock integration model without ignoring the forecast of dry and rainy seasons.Keywords: Integration model, mulberry, livestock, income, farmers
Introducton
due to ts potental producton, ts nutrent content and ts well adaptable growth. Estmate producton of mulberry leaves could reach 19 tones DM/ha/year, whch s hgher than the yeld of such other legumes as Gliricidia sepium wth producton 7-9 tones DM/ha/year (Horne et al., 1994). Nutrent contents of mulberry are crude proten 22-23%; total sugars 8-10%, mnerals 12-18%, ADF 35%, NDF45.6%, hemcellulosess 10-40%, cellulose 21.8% (Datta et al., 2002). Based on the nutrent contents and hgh producton of leaves, t s potental to substtute concentrate n rumnant feedng system (Doran et al., 2006).
An experment to evaluate the potency of mulberry leaves for substtuton of concentrate on rce straw based feedng system has been conducted. The result of the study ndcated that 50% of mulberry leaves could be used as the optmum level for substtuton of concentrate. Ths level ncreased the rumnal bo-fermentaton (Syahrr et al, 2009).
A good management n crop-lvestock ntegraton should prortze the beneft for farmer so that t could support sustanable ncrease n lvestock producton. Therefore a study on ntegrated farmng system, especally applcatve model on the ntegraton of mulberry plants and lvestock becomes mportant. The purpose of ths research was to buld a management model of the ntegraton of mulberry plant and lvestock system n order to ncrease farmer ncome and to support sustanable lvestock producton.
Materals And Methods
The study was carred out n three spots of lands of mulberry plant estate, Enrekang Regency. The sze of each land secton was approxmately 3,000 m2 (the sze s equvalent to an area of a mulberry estate requred to rase three boxes of slkworms). Each secton of land was assgned to one of the three applcatve models of ntegrated mulberry plant and lvestock as treatments. The models were:
The P1 Model = The ntroducton of two goats nto one box of slkworm farmng so that the goats can utlze mulberry leaves whch are not consumed by the slkworms.
The P2 Model = Replacng the slkworm farmng wth fattenng two beef cattle The P3 Model = Farmers produce mulberry leaves that wll be sold as ngredent for
concentrate. The sellng prce wll be adjusted smlar to the market prce of mulberry leaves.
the ncome. Parameters measured were total producton cost and ncome of each applcatve model. Data were analyzed descrptvely.
Results And Dscusson
All of the three models showed certan unqueness. The selecton of one par-tcular model to be appled by farmers wll be strongly nfluenced by each farmer’s captal for obtanng cow or goat as well as the season and condton of mulberres. Each of the resultng applcatve models s descrbed below:
The P1 Model
Ths applcatve ntegraton model of slkworm farmng wth goat s ntended to maxmze the utlzaton of mulberry. In ths ntegraton model, farmers rase slkworms by provdng an area of + 1000 m2 of mulberry plants.
Some of the mulberry plants were not utlzed durng the slkworm farmng, because farmers always provde an area of mulberry plantaton that exceed the necessary amount needed, antcpatng a condton of neffectve mulberry plants. In addton, the mulberry leaves left over from feedng on the slkworms are usually avalable. The ntroducton of goats for slkworm farmers can optmze mulberry plant utlzaton, leadng to an ncrease of the farmer’s ncome.
Durng the 6 months of mulberry farmng actvty, the ntroducton of two goats ncreased the farmer’s ncome by Rp 633,000. Ths addtonal revenue almost equals to the man ncome obtaned from sole slkworm farmng of Rp 643,667 (Table 1), gvng total revenue for the farmers of Rp 1,277,000. Another advantage ganed from the ntroducton of two goats ntoslkworm farmng was the avalablty of composted manure from goat feces whch helped reduce the producton cost of mulberry plantng.
The P2 Model
Applcatve model whch replace slkworms wth fattenng two beef cattle was used by farmers who possess a land of mulberry plants to rase one box of slkworm. The descrptve data can be seen n Table 1, n whch durng the 6 months of study, when the whole mulberry plant was used as feedstuff for feedlot cattle, the average ncome for thefarmers was Rp 1,833,000. The ncome was even larger f the cost of grass supples used to feed cattle whch s usually calculated as a mantenance cost of Rp 950,000/farmer, was ncluded as farmer’s ncome.
Table 1. The average producton cost, gross ncome, and net ncome of slkworm farmers applyng ether the P1,P2, or P3 models
No Descrpton Value
- Vaccnaton and medcne (Rp) 100,000
Total cost (Rp) 1,766,667
Gross ncome (Rp) 2,400,000
Net ncome(Rp) 633,333
Total net ncome (Rp) 1,277,000
The P2 Model
Total net ncome (Rp) 1,883,333
The P3 Model
Harvest I Fresh mulberry leaves producton (kg) 526
Dry mulberry leaves producton (kg) 149
Net ncome* (Rp) 446,000
Harvest II Fresh mulberry leaves yeld (kg) 973
Dry mulberry leaves yeld (kg) 224
Net ncome* (Rp) 673,000
Total producton Fresh mulberry leaves (kg) 1,499
Dry mulberry leaves (kg) 373
Total net ncome ( Rp) 1,119,000
The P3 Model
The applcaton of the P3 model that nvolves the producton of raw materal n the form of mulberry plant bomass by mulberry plant farmers, whch wll then be sold as feed ngredents for concentrate, s another vable alternatve. Durng the 6 month perod of research, the ncome that farmers ganed from the sale of dred mul-berry leaves usually used for feedng 1 box of slkworms was Rp. 1,119,000. (Table 1). Ths result was hgher than the ncome of farmers who solely farm slkworms, whch amounted to Rp. 643,667, but slghtly lower than the ncome of mulberry farmers who farm slkworms and also ntroduced two goats, whch amounted to Rp 1,277,000 (Table 1).
The applcaton of the P3 model s effectve for farmers who face certan problems whch resulted n ncapablty for them to farm slkworms for a certan perod of tme. All ths tme, durng the perods where mulberry farmers are ncapable of farmng slkworms due to certan constrants, the mulberry plants are left to grow and are only trmmed when the farmers are ready to nurture slkworms.
Concluson
Applcaton of each of the Integraton models of mulberry-lvestock has ts own unqueness. The conclusons that could be drawn from the applcaton of those three models are:
1. Utlzaton the whole mulberry leaves as feedstuff for fattenng beef cattle (the P2 Model) generates the hghest ncome for the slkworm farmers.
2. Revenue for the slkworm farmers ncreases when applyng the P1 Model, whch s ntroducng two goats for every box of slkworm.
3. When mulberry farmers face a problem partcularly n a certan condton, they could harvest and dry the mulberry plant then sell t as ngredent for leaf meal concentrate (the P3 Model).
Reference
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Doran MP, Laca EA and Sanz RD. 2006. Folage (Morus alba), alfalfa hay and oat hay n sheep. J Anifeed Sci 2006:11.016
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