ttay8_ppt_06.ppt 10099KB Jun 23 2011 12:13:58 PM

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Tomorrow’s Technology

and You

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Tomorrow’s Technology

and You 8/e

Chapter 6

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Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/e

Chapter 6

Objectives

_{Compare and contrast several types of computer graphics}

programs used by artists, photographers, designers, and others.

_{Explain how computers are changing the way professionals}

and amateurs work with video, animation, audio, and music.

_{Describe several ways that computers are used to create}

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Chapter 6

Objectives (continued)

_{Explain the relationship between hypermedia and}

multimedia, describing applications of each.

_{Describe several present and future applications for}

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Chapter 6

Tim Berners-Lee Weaves the Web for Everybody

 _{Born in London in 1955}

 _{Wanted to create an open-ended}

distributed hypertext system with no boundaries, so scientists everywhere could link their work together

 _{Invented the World Wide Web and gave}

it to all

 _{Now works at MIT}

 _{Heads the World Wide Web}

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Chapter 6

Focus on Computer Graphics

Painting: Bitmapped Graphics

_{Painting software:}

_{Paints pixels on the screen with a}

pointing device

_{Pointer movements are translated}

into lines and patterns on the screen

_{Stores an image at 300}

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Chapter 6

 _Pixels_{: tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up}

images on the screen

 _Palette_{of tools mimics real-world painting tools}

 _{Also contains other tools that are unique to computers}

 _{Bitmapped graphics}_{(or raster graphics): pictures that}

show how the pixels are mapped on the screen

 _{Color depth}_{: the number of bits devoted to each pixel}

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Chapter 6

Image Processing: Photographic Editing by Computer

_{Allows the user to manipulate photographs and other}

high-resolution images with tools such as Adobe Photoshop

_{Far more powerful than traditional photo-retouching techniques}

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Chapter 6

_Digital _{photo management software}_{programs such as Apple}

iPhoto and Microsoft PictureIt! simplify and automate common tasks associated with capturing, organizing, editing, and sharing digital images.

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Chapter 6

Drawing: Object-Oriented Graphics

_{Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and}

shapes (called object-oriented or vector graphics).

_{Memory demands on storage are not as high as for}

bit-mapped images.

_{Many drawing tools–line, shape, and text tools–are similar}

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Chapter 6



PostScript:

a standard

page-description language

for

describing text fonts, illustrations, and other elements

of the printed page

_{Used by professional drawing programs such as Adobe}

Illustrator and Macromedia FreeHand

_{Built into many laser printers and other high-end output}

devices so those devices can understand and follow PostScript instructions

_{PostScript-based drawing software constructs a PostScript}

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Chapter 6

 _{Bit-mapped painting}_(pixels)

gives you these advantages:

_{More control over textures, shading,}

and fine detail

_{Appropriate for screen displays,}

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Chapter 6

_{Object-oriented drawing gives you}

these advantages:

_{Better for creating printed graphs,}

charts, and illustrations

_{Lines are cleaner and shapes are}

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Chapter 6

 _{Some integrated programs contain both drawing and painting}

modules

 _{Allows you to choose the right tool for each job}

 _{Some programs merge features of both in a single application}

 _{Blurs the distinction between types}

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Chapter 6

Rules of Thumb: Creating Smart Art

 _{Reprogram yourself . . . Relax.}  _{Choose the right tool for the job.}  _{Borrow from the best.}

 _{Don’t borrow without permission}  _{Protect your own work.}

_{U.S. Copyright Office Web Site:}

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Chapter 6

3-D Modeling Software

 _{Used to create three-dimensional objects with tools}

similar to those in drawing software

 _{Goal for some applications: to create an animated}

presentation on a computer screen or videotape

 _{Flexible: can create a 3-D model, rotate it, view it from}

different angles

 _{Can “walk-through” a 3-D environment that exists only in}

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Chapter 6

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Chapter 6

CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into Products

 _{Computer Aided Design} ₍_{CAD) software:}

_{Allows engineers, designers, and architects to create}

designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public buildings

_{Can test product prototypes}

_{Cheaper, faster, and more accurate than traditional}

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Chapter 6

 _{Computer-Aided Manufacturing}_(CAM)_{is the process by}

which data related to the product design are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts.

 _{Computer-Integrated Manufacturing}_(CIM)_{refers to the}

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Chapter 6

Presentation Graphics: Bringing Lectures to Life



Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures,

training sessions, sales demonstrations, and other

presentations

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Chapter 6

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Chapter 6

You can design the background, borders, and text format yourself, or select a

professionally-designed template from the collection that comes with PowerPoint.

The program places your text on this

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Chapter 6

You can print overhead

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Chapter 6

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Chapter 6

Rules of Thumb: Making Powerful Presentations

 _{Remember your goal.}

 _{Remember your audience.}  _{Outline your ideas.}

 _{Be stingy with words.}  _{Keep it simple.}

 _{Use a consistent design.}  _{Be smart with art.}

 _{Keep each slide focused.}

 _{Tell them what you’re going to tell them, then tell them,}

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Chapter 6

Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page

_{Modern media contains dynamic information, which is}

information that changes over time or in response to user input.

 _Animation

 _{Desktop Video}  _Audio

 _{Hypertext and hypermedia}

“We’re on the threshold of a moment in cinematic history that is unparalleled.

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Chapter 6

Animation: Graphics in Time

 _{Each frame of computer-based}

animation is a computer-drawn picture; the computer displays these

frames in rapid succession.

 _Tweening:_{Instead of drawing each frame}

by hand, the animator can create key frames and objects and use software to help fill

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Desktop Video: Computers, Film, and TV

_{Analog and Digital Video}

 _{A video digitizer can convert analog video signals from a television}

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Chapter 6

_{Many video digitizers can import signals from televisions,}

videotapes, video cameras, and other sources.

 _{Signals are displayed on the computer’s screen in}_{real time}_—at

the same time they’re created or imported.

_{Digital video cameras}_{capture footage in digital form.}

_{Digital video can be copied, edited, stored, and played back}

without any loss of quality.

_{Digital video will soon replace analog video for most}

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Chapter 6

Video Production Goes Digital

_{Today most video editing is done using}_{nonlinear editing}

technology.

_{Video editing software}_{, such as Adobe Premiere, makes it}

easy to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and perform a variety of other activities.

_Morphs_{are video clips in which one image metamorphoses}

into another.

_{Data compression}_{software and hardware are used to}

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Chapter 6

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Chapter 6

The Synthetic Musician: Computers and Audio

_{Audio digitizer}_{– captures sound and stores it as a data file}

_Synthesizer_–_{an electronic instrument that}

synthesizes sounds using mathematical formulas

_MIDI_{(Musical Instrument Digital}

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Chapter 6

The iTunes Music Store helps Mac and Windows users purchase

music by their favorite artists in protected digital format.

 _{Music is digitized on audio CDs at a high sampling rate and bit}

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Chapter 6

Rule of Thumb: Digital Audio Dos and Don’ts

 _{Don’t steal.}

 _{Understand streaming and downloading.}  _{Know your file formats.}

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Chapter 6

Popular Digital Audio Formats

Format Description

WAV, AIFF Standard formats for uncompressed audio for Windows and the Mac OS,

respectively. Both formats are supported on Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Both create large files. Both are lossless – a CD track encoded with WAV or AIFF sounds identical to the original.

MP3 A popular format for transmitting audio on the Internet. A CD track converted to MP3 format can be 1/10 the size of the original – or smaller – but still sound very similar.

WMA An alternative to MP3 developed by Microsoft for Windows. WMA compression can result in smaller files of higher fidelity. WMA files may be protected by DRM. AAC Apple’s alternative to MP3 and WMA is used primarily by iTunes and iTunes

Music Store. AAC compression is sonically superior to MP3 compression. AAC files may be protected by DRM.

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Chapter 6

Samplers, Synthesizers, and Sequencers:

Digital Audio and MIDI



Multimedia computers can control a variety of

electronic musical instruments and sound sources

using

MIDI

.



MIDI commands can be interpreted by a variety of:

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Chapter 6

_{A piano-style keyboard sends MIDI signals to the computer}

 _{Computer interprets the MIDI commands using sequencing software}

_{Sequencing software}_{turns a computer into a musical}

composing, recording, and editing machine

_Electronica_{—music designed from the ground up with digital}

technology

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Chapter 6

A growing number of musicians depend on sequencers to play along with live musicians in performances

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Chapter 6

Hypertext and Hypermedia



Hypertext

refers to information linked in non-sequential

ways.



Hypermedia

combines text, numbers, graphics,

animation, sound effects, music, and other media in

hyperlinked documents.

 _{Useful for on-line help files}

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Chapter 6



Hypermedia documents can be disorienting and leave

readers wondering what they’ve missed.

 _{Documents don’t always have the links readers want.}

 _{Authors can’t build every possible connection into documents.}

 _{Some readers get frustrated because they can’t easily get “here” from}

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Chapter 6



Documents sometimes contain “lost” links,

especially on the Web, where even a popular page

can disappear.



Documents don’t encourage scribbled margin notes,

highlighting, or turned page corners for marking key

passages.



Hardware can be hard on humans.

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Chapter 6

Interactive Multimedia:

Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind

Interactive Multimedia: What Is It?

 _{A combination of text, graphics,}

animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects that allows the user to take an active part in the experience

 _{Requirements: high-quality color}

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Chapter 6

Multimedia Authoring: Making Mixed Media

_{Uses authoring programs such as}

HyperStudio and MetaCard

_{Binds source documents together to}

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Chapter 6

Multimedia authoring involves

programming objects on the screen to react, or behave, in particular ways under particular circumstances.

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Chapter 6

Rules of Thumb:

Making Interactive Multimedia Work

 _{Be consistent in visual appearance.}

 _{Use graphical metaphors to guide viewers.}  _{Keep the screen clean and uncluttered.}

 _{Include multimedia elements to enliven the presentation.}  _{Focus on the message.}

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Chapter 6

Inventing the Future: Shared Virtual Spaces

_{Virtual reality}_{combines virtual worlds with networking.}

_{It places multiple participants in a virtual space.}

_{People see representations of each other, sometimes called}_avatars.

_{Most avatars today are cartoonish, but they convey a sense of presence and}

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Chapter 6

_{Tele-immersion:}

 _{Uses multiple cameras and high-speed networks to create a}

videoconferencing environment in which multiple remote users can interact with each other and with computer-generated objects

 _{Combines the display and interaction techniques of virtual reality with}

new vision technologies that allow participants to move around in shared virtual spaces, all the while maintaining their unique points of view

_{Augmented reality (AR):}

 _{The use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person’s}

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Chapter 6

Lesson Summary

 _{Computer graphics today encompass more than quantitative}

charts and graphs generated by spreadsheets.

 _{Computers today aren’t limited to working with static images;}

they’re widely used to create and edit documents in media that change over time or in response to user interaction.

 _{The interactive nature of the personal computer makes it}

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Chapter 6

Lesson Summary (continued)

 _{Today we can create or explore hypermedia documents—}

interactive documents that mix text, graphics, sounds, and

moving images with onscreen navigation buttons—on disk and on the World Wide Web.

 _{Multimedia computer systems make a new kind of software}

possible—software that uses text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects to communicate.

 _{Regardless of the hardware, interactive multimedia software}