Table of Contents
Page
Abstract ………. i
Preface……… ii
Acknowledgement ...……….. iii
Table of Contents ……….. iv
List of Tables ………. vii
List of Appendices ……… ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION……… 1
1.1The Background of the Research Problem………... 1
1.2Research Questions……….. 4
1.3The Purpose of the Study………. 5
1.4The Significance of the Study……….. 5
1.5Research Limitation ……… 6
1.6Organization of the Report………... 6
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………... 8
2.1 The Concept and the Elements of Speaking ………... 8
2.2 What a Speaker Does ……….. 10
2.3 What Makes Speaking Difficult………... 12
2.4 Shyness and Anxiety in Speaking……… 13
2.5 What Makes a Good Speaking Teaching………. 16
2.5.1 Using a Communicative Approach………. 16
2.5.2 Teaching Vocabulary for a Communicative Purpose………. 18
2.5.3 Teaching Grammar a Communicative Purpose……….. 21
2.5.4 Teaching Pronunciation a Communicative Purpose………... 24
2.5.5 Playing the Teacher Roles Well..……… 30
2.5.7 Handling The Students’ Use of Mother Tongue…….………. …….. 33
2.5.8 Increasing Students’ Self Confidence ……… 35
2.7 What Makes a Good Speaking Learner….……….. 36
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ………. 38
3.1 The Method Research ………. 38
3.2 The Research Site ……… 39
3.3 The Participants .……….. 39
3.4 The Techniques of Collecting Data ………. 40
3.5 Validity ….………... 40
3.6 The Techniques of Data Analysis ………... 41
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS... 43
4.1 The Students’ Obstacles in Practicing Speaking English from The Students’ and The Lecturers’ Point of View………....……… 43
4.1.1 Obstacles Related to Students Themselves………..………... 45
4.1.1.1 Lack of English Competences ……… 46
4.1.1.1.1 Lack of Vocabulary Competence ……… 48
4.1.1.1.2 Lack of Grammar Competence……… 50
4.1.1.1.3 Lack of Pronunciation Competence………. 52
4.1.1.2 Inability to Manage Emotion……….. 54
4.1.1.2.1 Nervousness ……… 56
4.1.1.2.2 Anxiety………. 57
4.1.1.2.3 Lack of Self Confidence……….. 59
4.1.1.2.4 Shyness………. 60
4.1.1.2.5 Laziness/Lack of Motivation……… 61
4.1.1.2.6 Boredom………... 63
4.1.2 Obstacles Related to the Lecturer………..………. 64
4.1.2.1 Limited Time to Practice………. 66
4.1.2.2 Fully English Teaching………... 69
4.1.3.1 Limited English Input……… 73
4.1.3.2 Lack of Partner to Practice ………... 74
4.2 The Possible Solution to the Obstacles……….... 75
4.2.1 The Possible Solution to the Obstacles Related to Self……….. 75
4.2.1.2 The Possible Solution to the Students’ Lack of Vocabulary……... 76
4.2.1.2 The Possible Solution to the Students’ Lack of Grammar……….. 81
4.2.1.3 The Possible Solution to the Students’ Lack of Pronunciation….. 84
4.2.1.4 The Possible Solution to the Students’ Inability to Manage Their Emotion... 89
4.2.2 The Possible Solution to the Obstacles Related to the Lecturer ………… 91
4.2.3 The Possible Solution to Obstacles Related to the Environment ……….. 95
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………. 97
5.1 Conclusions ………. 97
5.2 Recommendations ……….. 99
5.2.1 For the English Lecturers……… 99
5.2.2 For the Further Research……… 100
List of Tables
Page Table 4.1
The Distribution of Respondents' Obstacles Categories
from the Students’ Point of View ……….………. 44
Table 4.2
The Distribution of Respondents' Obstacles Categories
from the Lecturers’ Point of View ……….………... 44
Table 4.3
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Students Themselves
from the Students’ Point of View ……….………. 45
Table 4.4
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Students Themselves
from the Lecturers’ Point of View ……….………... 46
Table 4.5
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Feeling of
Lacking of English Ability from the Students’ Point of View ……….………. 47
Table 4.6
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Feeling of
Lacking of English Ability from the Lecturers’ Point of View ……….…….. 47
Table 4.7
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Inability to
Manage Emotion from the Students’ Point of View ……….……… 55
Table 4.8
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Inability to
Manage Emotion from the Lecturers’ Point of View ……….……... 55
Table 4.9
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Lecturer
Table 4.10
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Lecturer
from the Lecturers’ Point of View ……….……….………. 65
Table 4.11
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Environment
from the Students’ Point of View ……….……….……….. 72
Table 4.12
The Distribution of Obstacles Subcategories Related to Environment
List of Appendices
Appendix I:
Sample of Student Questionnaire
Appendix II:
