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PEMANFAATAN JERAMI PADI (
Oryza sativa
L.) SEBAGAI
BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Jerami padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber selulosa, mengandung selulosa 36%. Karboksimetil selulosa merupakan eter polimer selulosa linier dan berupa senyawa anionik.
Tujuan: Untuk membuat Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dari jerami padi dan membandingkan karakteristik CMC jerami padi dengan CMC komersial.
Metode: Karboksimetil selulosa jerami padi (KSJP) dibuat dengan proses delignifikasi untuk mendapatkan α-selulosa. Alfa selulosa yang diperoleh kemudian disintesis menjadi karboksimetil selulosa dengan cara alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi. CMC yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi meliputi organoleptik, pH, susut pengeringan, kadar abu total, kelarutan zat dalam air, derajat substitusi, viskositas dengan viskometer, morfologi dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan gugus fungsi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Hasil: Karboksimetil selulosa jerami padi (KSJP) yang diperoleh dari bahan awal jerami padi sebesar 7,12%. Hasil karakterisasi KSJP dan CMC komersial berturut-turut meliputi organoleptik yaitu keduanya berwarna putih, tidak berbau dan tidak berasa; pH 7,2 dan 7,7; susut pengeringan 5,07 dan 4,75%; kadar abu total 0,47 dan 0,01%; zat larut dalam air 0,03 dan 0,08%. Nilai viskositas 40 cps dan 2800 cps. hasil uji derajat substitusi KSJP dan karboksimetil selulosa komersial berturut-turut 74,17% dan 121%. Analisis FTIR KSJP dan CMC komersial yaitu keduanya memiliki gugus fungsi yang sama dan analisis morfologi menunjukkan bentuk halus panjang dan membentuk sudut yang tumpul.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa karboksimetil selulosa dapat dibuat dari jerami padi dengan karakteristik yang memenuhi persyaratan USP 32-NF 27.
Kata kunci: α-selulosa, karboksimetil selulosa, jerami padi, karakteristik
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THE USE OF PADDY STRAW (Oryza sativa L.) AS RAW MATERIAL TO PREPARE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
ABSTRACT
Background: Paddy straw (Oryza sativa L.) is agricultural waste which can be used as the source of cellulose since it contains 36 % of cellulose. Carboxymeythyl cellulose is a linear polymear cellulose ether and anionic compoud.
Objective: To make carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from paddy straw and to compare the CMC characteristic of paddy straw with commercial CMC.
Method: Carboxymethyl cellulose of paddy straw (KSJP) was made by processing delignifacation in order to obtain a-cellulose. The Alpha cellulose was synthesized to carboxymethyl cellulose by alkalization method and the carboxymethyl. The CMC was characterized with some parameter like an organoleptic, pH, drying contraction, total ash content, substance solubility in water viscometer, morphology with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and function cluser with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Result: Carboxylmethyl cellulose of paddy straw (KSJP) which had been obtained from the initial material of paddy straw was 7.12%. The Result of the characteristics of KSJP and CMC respectively included organoleptic, both of them were white, odorless, and tasteless; pH was 7.2 and 7.7; drying contractions was 5.07 and 4.75% ; total ash content was 0.47 and 0.01% ; substance solubility in water was 0.03 and 0.08. Viscosity value was 40 cps and 2,800 cps; the result of the subsitutions degree test of KSJP and commercial carboxymethyl cellulose was 74.17% and 121% respectively. The result of the analysis on FTIR, KSJP, and commercial CMC showed that both of them had the same functional cluster, and the analysis on morphology indicated long and fine formed obtuse angle.
Conclusion: The conclusions of the research was that Carboxymethyl Cellulose, could be made from paddy straw with the characteristic of USP 32-NF 27.
Keywords: a-Cellulose, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Paddy Staw, Characteristic.
