GENDER EQUALITY IN KATJA VON GARNIER’S IRON JAWED
ANGELS MOVIE (2004): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Naskah Publikasi ANIMAS LARAS F.M
A320 070 324
Penguji:
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
ABSTRACT
ANIMAS LARAS F.M, A320070324. GENDER EQUALITY IN KATJA VON GARNIER’S IRON JAWED ANGELS MOVIE (2004): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research Paper, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2012.
The object of this research is the movie entitled Iron Jawed Angels by Katja Von Garnier. The major problem of this study is “how gender equality is reflected in Iron Jawed Angels (2004) by Katja Von Garnier” based on a Sociological Approach.
The researcher employs qualitative method; the researcher uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data source is the movie itself while the secondary data source is the other sources related to the analysis such as script, books, journals, articles, and movie review. The method of data collection is library research and the technique of data collection is note taking and scene capturing.
The study comes to the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis of each elements, it shows that the character and characterization, plot, point of view, setting of place and time, mise-en- scene, cinematography, editing, and the other technical elements have the unity and successfully relate to one another then finally are formulated into good quality of a movie. Second, based on the Sociological analysis, it is the global issues in early twentieth century about human right especially in women right in political aspect, the women suffrage amendment in twentieth century give an effect for women social life in the turn of the century. There is no gender equal in political aspect, the women get their right to vote and join in government seat.
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study
Literature is the reflection of social phenomena from social behavior that happen to the society in their social relation. Wellek and Warren (1962:94) state that, “literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a social creation”. Swingwood and
Laurenson (1972:12) state that literature is a work of art, which expresses of human life and the problem on society, economics and politics with qualities of the relationship among them. Laurenson and Swingewood (1972:12) state,” As with sociology, literature too
is pre-eminently concerned with man’s social world, his adaption to it, and his desire to change it”. Literature focuses on relation the
social world of man with his family, man, and woman, with politic, with the State and adaption to desire to change it.
election right in general election. This situation has big effect on women life.
Alice Paul and Lucy Burn met with Carrie Chapman Catt and Anna Howard Shaw of NAWSA. Alice Paul and Lucy Burn presented their purpose that they wanted to press for a constitutional amendment for women to have the right to vote, but the older women prefered a state by state approach.
Public opinion was against the suffragettes when Burn and friends held the direct protesting in front of White House. They were arrested on the trumped up of “obstructing traffic” even though their picket line was on the sidewalk. Refusing to pay a fine for a crime but they did not commit, the women were imprisoned for sixty days in an Occoquan, Virginia women’s prison.
In the end for this story by 1920, 35 states had ratified the amendment, but one more state was needed. Tennessee became that state when a recalcitrant legislator casted the deciding votes after receiving a telegram from his mother. On August 26, 1920, the Susan B. Anthony Amendment became law, and 20 million American women won the vote right. Finally, the women got same right with a man in the government.
2. Literature Review
Muhammadiyah University 2010. Her research entitled “Struggle
For Women’s Political Right In Katja Von Garniers’s IronJawed
Angels Movie” focus as on feminist criticism study about how the
women struggle for women’s political right. For the second analysis is “Iron Jawed Angels” by Rev. Dr. David C. Fisher in
Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims (2008). In this essay, he focused on the political aspect especially the policy of the government to women. He connected the moral value in Iron Jawed Angels with religion.
Those studies are useful for the writer as a guide to analyze
Iron Jawed Angels movie. Although the research’s object is similar with both researchers, there are several differences. The writer plans to develop this research by analyzing the gender equality and using a sociological approach.
3. Problem Statement
Based on the research background above, the problem of the study is how gender equality is reflected in Katja von Garniers’s Iron Jawed Angels.
4. Limitation of the Study
To make it easy for the writer to conduct the study, she gives limitation of the problem on the gender equality problem in
5. Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
a. To analyze the structural elements of the movie, such as character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, theme mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, and editing. b. To analyze gender equal in Iron Jawed Angels movie based on a
sociological approach. 6. Benefit of the Study
a. Theoretical Benefit
It gives contribution to the larger body of knowledge, particularly literary study in Katja von Garniers’s Iron Jawed Angels. It is expected to give useful information about the movie analyzed by the sociology approach.
b. Practical Benefit
This study is expected to help the writer get deeper understanding about the movie and how to use literary theory in analyzing the movie.
7. Research Method
observe the behavior of gender equal in Iron Jawed Angels in order to get the data for the analysis.
a. Type of the Research
The type of research conducted by the writer is in the dominant of descriptive qualitative method. Moleong (1983:3) states that “Qualitative research is a type of research that has
descriptive data in the forms of written or oral from observing people or behavior.”
b. Type of the Data and the Data Source 1) Type of the Data
There are two type of data; Text and Image. Text data in this research is movie manuscript, which consists of words, phrases and sentences. Image data in this research is image capturing of an action in the movie which is related to the research.
2) Data Source
In doing this study, the researcher uses two sources of data; there are primary data, which will be taken from Katja von Garniers’s Iron Jawed Angel, and secondary data,
which are taken from other sources, related to the primary data, such as author’s biography, books and website related
c. Technique of the Data Collection
The data collection will be in form of library research. There will be some techniques of data collection as follows:
1) Note taking, including the several step:
i. Watching and learning the movie repeatedly and carefully.
ii. Taking notes of the influence information in both primary and secondary data.
iii. Arranging the data into several parts based on its classification.
iv. Selecting particular parts of the script considered important and relevant for analysis.
2) Image-Capturing
d. Technique of the Data Analysis
Technique of data analysis in this study is using the descriptive analysis by using a sociology approach.
B. Sociology of Literature
connected to society, including culture, religious, economic, political and artistic life. The statement means that human being in society is objective study of sociology. It exists with all life aspects that cause the interaction of them based on their status in society.
The sociology of literature is a method to analyze the literary work based on sociological perspective to understand social aspect and social phenomenon where a literary work appears. Sociology of literature is the theory which analyzes the relation between authors and their social class, social status and ideology, condition of economics in their profession and the readers. Sociology and literature have close relationship. The sociology of literature is a study of literature based on the sociological perspectives. It comprehends in social phenomena in a certain period that is described by the author in his or her literary work.
C. Sociological Analysis
Literary work as a mirror to the age.
This approach deals with the time when the literary works are created. Swingwood and Laurenson (1972:13) state that “literature as
the mirror to age. It is indicating that the readers can discuss the social phenomenon which happens to the society in a certain period and certain place through the literary work”. It means that literary work
1. Social Aspect
The social aspect shown in Iron Jawed Angel movie was problem relation of gender equality. Gender equality in legal protection and political lead to the assumption that women did not get full citizenship rights. In this movie, the treatment based on social diversity was shown by Alice Paul and Lucy Burn figures as women suffrage. Women demanded their freedom to vote men candidate whom would occupy the White House without distinguishing of gender. The women did not get their full rights.
Gender inequality was shown in the opinion of men that women’s brain ability was lower than the male’s brain ability. This
condition was shown the status of women in lower position. That the female mind is inferior to the male mind...need not be assumed. There is something about it essentially different...and that this difference is of a kind and degree...that votes for women would constitute a political danger...ought to be plain to everyone. I do not wish to see the day come...when the women in my state shall trail their skirts...in the muck and mire of partisan politics. These flippant girls singing ''votes for women''...know not the disasters they invite by this reckless movement. (CD. 1. 00:06:10,837-00:06:41,864).
The women did not get well protection in place where they work and they got low salary. In Iron Jawed Angel this condition is explained by 146 women death in fire factory.
American society. Iron Jawed Angel movie was reflected of race and ethnicity diversity shown by Ida Wells Barnet from Chicago delegation. She was Afro-Africa women. She met Alice Paul in order that Negro women also had a parade in one team.
Ida Wells :lda Wells-Barnett, from the Chicago delegation. l'm told you expect Negro women to march in a separate unit, at the back.
Alice Paul :Southern suffrage groups threatened to withdraw—
Ida Wells :Are the ladies afraid we'll march out of step? Call their bluff.
Alice Paul :We can't afford to lose their support... not with the Democrats in office.
Ida Wells :Who’s “we”? Women? Or just white women? Lucy Burn :Now, wait a minute. We have one agenda : suffrage. Add another issue.
Ida Wells :lf we don't stand up now...what happens to Negro women when you finally get the vote? They'll keep us out of the polling place any way they can--
Alice Paul :Other colored groups have agreed. Lucy Burn :Not perfect, but practical.
Ida Wells :Dress up prejudice and call it politics? l expected more from a Quaker. l'll march with my peers or not at all
Alice Paul :I understand.
(CD. 1. 00 : 11 : 24,450 -00 : 12 : 16,331)
2. Economic Aspect
American people became a large measure of prosperity and better standard of living. As the result, increasing prosperity rose of their obsession with material position and bodily comfort like luxuries houses, jewelry, expensive cars etc. They were consumptive. Most of American people spent their money for pleasure fulfillment, like drunk bourbon and went to night club.
Iron Jawed Angel had genuinely portrayed this condition and criticized situation through the plot of the movie. Katja von Garnier was reflected the condition at that time by putting the public American people as the center of the movie.
Katja von Garnier as the director tried to reflect economic situation at the time in Ruza figure as factory worker who got salary under the minimum. Ruza figure could reflect women condition as factory worker and immigrant women who were not prosperous.
3. Political Aspect
politic issue that developed at the time was women’s suffrage. Kajta von Garnier shown this situation by National Women Party (NWP) that form Alice Paul and Lucy Burn. NWP was opposition party that struggle for women suffrage to get vote right.
4. Cultural Aspect
American culture encompassed traditional, ideals, costumes, beliefs, values, arts and innovations that development both domestically and imported via colonization and immigration. The United States was consist of many people which multicultural value. The United States people was consist of many race, ethnic, nation, and religions.
Iron Jawed Angel movie was truly fashion. Women wore tight clothing, corsets, padding and elaborate decoration. Women had the longer skirt, some long and uneven at the bottom. Large hats were popular; the hats usually floppy and were further softened by feathers. Women also carried parasols as essential accessories. Women clothes looked more comfort, lighter, colors were brighter, and styles were looser.
5. Religious Aspect
protestan. Kajta von Garnier was reflected variety of religion by Alice Paul figure who was a Quaker. Quaker itself was a Christian religious group that meet without any formal ceremony and was strongly opposed to violence and war (Oxford: Advanced learner’s
Dictionary).
6. Science and Technology Aspect
Technologies in America developed since World War I. As far as 1920, radio broadcasting began Americans thrived on technology. Modern American’s history changed from decade to
the other decade. As a modern country, American science and technology did not develop to new experienced since it was left by Americans.
Newspaper had a good effect for people and important media to get the information at the time. This technology could help them as a strategy. Katja Von Garnier also used other technology. That was movie theater, a place for people to refresh their mind with watching a movie.
7. Women Condition at the Time
goal of universal suffrage. A Woman Suffrage Amendments was introduced in the United States Congress with the purposed “The right of citizens to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex”.
The women condition in the turn of century in Iron Jawed Angels showed Alice Paul and Lucy Burns want pushed the government to successes the constitutional amendment for women vote right. Alice Paul was permitted to join with NAWSA’s
Washington, D.C. committee, her provided and Lucy raised to their own funds. It refers to discrimination on the based of gender. In this movie there were discrimination forward women.
That the female mind|is inferior to the male mind need not be assumed. There is something about it|essentially different and that this difference|is of a kind and degree, that votes for women|would constitute a political danger ought to be plain to everyone. I do not wish to see the day come when the women in my state|shall trail their skirts in the muck and mire of partisan politics. These
flippant girls|singing “votes for women”(CD 1. 00:06:10-00:06:34)
Maternity, the natural biological role of women had been traditional regarded as their major social role as well. The resulted stereotype saying “a woman’s place is in the home” oppressed by
important, they fight for life and to a large degree accomplished a reevaluation of traditional views of their role in society.
8. CONCLUSION
Through Iron Jawed Angel Movie, Katja von Garnier gave emphasize on the American society in the early twentieth on the suffrage movement in American women. In this movie Katja von Garnier focused on women suffrage in political aspect. She told about struggle of women to get vote right in the government like a men.
Katja von Garnier expressed her criticism about the social politic by creating the central character building the plot. Alice Paul and Lucy Burn who were two young activists. They want to change women condition in the twentieth century. On August 26, 1920, the Susan B. Anthony Amendment became law, and 20 million American women won the vote right. The women got same right with a man in the government.
From all aspects that are reflected in Iron Jawed Angels
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