i
AMERICAN INDIVIDUALISM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF
AMERICAN JEWS AS REPRESENTED IN THE NOVEL
BREAD
GIVERS
(1925)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
by
FESTA KURNIA RAMADHANI
C 0311016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
ii
THESIS APPROVAL
American Individualism in the Perspective of American Jews as
Represented in the Novel
Bread Givers
(1925)
by
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani C 0311016
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A NIP. 195207211979031004
Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
iii
American Individualism in the Perspective of American Jews as
Represented in the Novel
Bread Givers
(1925)
by
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani C 0311016
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University on 10 December 2015
Positions Name Signature
Chairman Dra. S.K. Hapsari, M.hum. Ph.D. NIP. 196703231995122001
(………)
Secretary Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S. NIP. 195208141981032001
(………)
First Examiner
Drs. Hendarto Raharjo, M.A NIP. 195207211979031004
(………)
Second Examiner
Dra. Susilorini, M.A. NIP. 196506011992032002
(………)
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
The writer honestly confirms that this thesis entitled “American Individualism
in the Perspective of American Jews as Represented in the Novel Bread Givers (1925)”is compiled by herself without taking from the other researchers. The writer certifies that any secondary materials which are related to this thesis have been listed in the bibliography.
Surakarta, 17 November 2015
v
MOTTOS
“Always dream and shoot higher than you know you can do.
Don’t
bother just to be better than your contemporaries or
predecessors. Try to be better than yourself.”
(William Fauklner)
“Begin at the beginning, and go on till you come to the end:
then stop.”
(Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland)
"What is not started will never get finished."
vi
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate my thesis to: Allah SWT,
My loving parents,
My little brothers,
My Thesis Consultant, My Academic Consultant and all of the lecturers
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah S.W.T for the blessing so that this thesis can be finished well.
I also want to express my gratitude and appreciation to all people who help and support me in finishing my thesis:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, as Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, for the motivation and encouragement given to me.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D, as Head of the English Department, for his motivation and supports in doing my thesis.
3. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S, as my Academic Consultant, who has supported me to finish my thesis.
4. Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A, as my Thesis Consultant, who has given time and guided me in doing my thesis.
5. Dra. Sri Kusuma Hapsari, M.Hum, Ph.D, who has supported me and guided me in doing my thesis.
6. Dra. Susilorini, M.A, who has guided me and given me motivation in doing my thesis.
viii
8. My beloved parents, Sugeng Baroto and Sri Subekti, and my little brothers, Amhal and Hastu, who always support me spiritually throughout writing this thesis and my life in general.
9. My friends of the 2011 English Department, Candra, Madia, Dika, Linda, Erna, Hanik, Indah, Muthia, Janati, Reni, Ryan, Erwin, Hafid, Lukas, etc, who always support and motivate to finish my thesis soon.
10.The 2011 American Studies Students, Rindu, Yulia, Yaro, Tasya, Tabita, Widya, Mbak Monik, Julio, Ari, and the others that I cannot mention here, who give me supports, motivations, laugh, and the best moment during four last semesters.
11.Everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one has a contribution to my thesis, thank you.
Finally, I hope that this thesis can give contribution to people who are interested to this study. Moreover, I look forward to any suggestions or any other ideas that can make it more perfect.
Surakarta, 17 November 2015
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ... ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
MOTTOS ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
ABSTRACT ... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A.Background ... 1
B. Scope of Study ... 8
C. Research Questions ... 8
D. Objectives of the Study ... 9
E. Benefits of the Study ... 9
F. Research Methodology ... 9
G. Theoretical Approaches ... 11
x
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Biography ... 16
B. Structuralism ... 20
C. History of American Jewish and the Culture 1. American Jewish Experiences in the New World ... 26
2. Jewish Culture, Traditions, and Religion ... 29
D. American Individualism ... 30
F. American Pragmatism ... 33
G. The Roaring Twenties in America ... 35
H. Synopsis ... 36
CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS A. How the writer constructed the ideas of American Individualism ... 40
1. Standing alone ... 42
2. Anti-Traditionalism ... 46
xi
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusions ... 86 A. Recommendations ... 88
