AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED âTHE GREAT DEBATERSâ.

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AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED

“THE GREAT DEBATERS”

THESIS

ANIS KUMALASARI K2211012

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

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AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED

“THE GREAT DEBATERS”

THESIS

ANIS KUMALASARI K2211012

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

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vi ABSTRACT

AnisKumalasari. K2211012. An Analysis Of Evidences Used In The Arguments Delivered By The Characters In The Film Entitled“The Great Debaters”. Thesis.English Department.Teacher Training and Education Faculty.SebelasMaret University. Surakarta.

This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used the

film entitled “The Great Debaters” and its transcript as the source of the data in order to collect the data of the research.

The aims of this study were to find out 1) the types of evidences used in the

arguments delivered by the characters in the film “The Great Debaters”; 2) how the characters in the film “The Great Debaters” use evidence in their arguments. To achieve the aims, the researcher analyzed the data by using 1) Johnson and Huber & Robert B. theory of evidence types; 2) Baron’s theory of positive evidence and negative evidence. The writer also uses the Toulmin theory of argumentation formula as the guideline to describe how the evidences are elaborated in the argument.

The findings of this study are 1) there are six types evidence used by the

character of the film entitled “The Great Debaters”, namely factual examples, value, statistics, quotation, lay witness, and belief; 2) the characters in the film

“The Great Debaters’ mostly use the strategies of negative evidence which is used to strengthen their rebuttal against the opponent or to broke the opponent’s

justification.

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vii ABSTRAK

AnisKumalasari. K2211012. AnalisispadaBukti yang

DigunakandalamArgumen yang DisampaikanolehKarakter-Karakterdalam Film yang Berjudul “The Great Debaters”.Skripsi.BahasaInggris. FakultasKeguruandanIlmuPendidikan.UniversitasSebelasMaret. Surakarta.

Penelitianinimenggunakanmetodekualitatifdeskriptif.Penelitimenggunakan

film yang berjudul “The Great Debaters” besertatranskripnyasebagaisumber data

yang bertujuanuntukmengumpulkan data daripenelitianini.

Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmengetahui 1) jenis-jenisbukti yang digunakandalamargumen yang disampaikanolehkarakter-karakter yang adadalam

film “The Great Debaters”; 2) bagaimanakarakter-karakterdalam film “The Great

Debaters” tersebut menggunakanbuktidalamargumennya.Untukmencapaitujuan-tujuantersebut, penelitimenganalisadata denganmenggunakan 1) teorijenis-jenisbuktioleh Johnson dan Huber & Robert B; 2) teoribuktipositifdanbuktinegatifoleh

Baron.PenulisjugamenggunakanteoriargumentasiolehToulminsebagaipanduanuntu kmendeskripsikanbagaimanabukti-buktitersebutdiuraikan di dalam argument.

Hasildaripenelitianiniadalah 1) terdapatenamjenisbukti yang digunakanolehkarakter-karakterdalam film “The Great Debaters”, seperticontohnyata, nilai, statistic, kutipan, kesaksian orang awam, dankepercayaan; 2) karakterdalam film “The Great Debaters” lebihmenggunakanstrategibukti negative yang digunakanuntukmemperkuatsanggahannyaterhadaplawanatauuntukmenghancurka nkebenarandarilawan.

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viii MOTTO

Have Patience. Allah does not deny the

rewards of the righteous

.

― The Holy Qur’an 11:115

Acquire knowledge, and learn tranquility and

dignity.

― Umar ibn Al-Khattab

"

상상하고꿈을꾸세요

.

그럼자기가원하는대로세상이움직일것입니다

."

Imagine and dream. Then the world will change to how you want it to be.

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DEDICATION

I sincerely dedicated this thesis to:

1. My beloved father and mother for their infinite love, prayer, and support. 2. Our cool dad, Shin Jung Rakgwajangnimwho cannot stop nagging me to

finish this thesis.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise is to Allah for His blessing to me that I can finish this thesis. I also believe that this thesis cannot be finished without support and encouragement from many people. I would like to express my greatest gratitude to everyone who has given support to me in completing this thesis as mentioned below:

1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret University.

2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for his permission to write this thesis.

3. Drs. A. DahlanRais, M.Hum, the first concultant, for all his guidance, ideas, and patience in guiding me to make this thesis better.

4. Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd, M.Pd, the second consultant, for her kindness in giving me advice and encouragement from the beginning to the completion of this thesis.

5. All the lecturers, administrative staffs, and friends in English Department of SebelasMaret University for the assistance during my study in English Department.

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7. Dream Team fellow members, Ani and Anggra; my roommate, Hida; and my bestie, Ismi for their cheer and encouragement.

I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect, so I gratefully welcome any comment and suggestion for betterment of this thesis. I hope this thesis will give some knowledge for the reader and can contribute for further research in the future.

APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ... iv

APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

ABSTRAK ... vii

MOTTO ... viii

DEDICATION ... ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xiii

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW ... 5

A. Debate ... 5

3. The Toulmin Model of Argumentation ... 12

C. Rebuttal ... 14

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 24

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B. Data and Source of Data ... 23

C. Equipment of the Research ... 24

D. Technique of Collecting Data ... 24

E. Technique of Coding Data ... 25

F. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 27

G. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 27

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 28

A. Introduction ... 28

B. Data Analysis ... 28

C. Discussion ... 69

1. The Types Of Evidence Used By The Debaters ... 69

2. The Use of Evidence in Debaters’ Argument ... 73

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 75

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LIST OF APPENDICES

AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED âTHE GREAT DEBATERSâ.