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Chemistry

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Matter

Matter

Solid

Liquid

Solid

Definite Shape

Liquid

Indefinite Shape

–

takes the shape of the

container

Gas

Indefinite Shape

–

takes the shape of

the container

Indefinite Volume

–

can expand and be

Elements

one of the 100+ pure substances

Examples of Elements

H = Hydrogen

C = Carbon

O = Oxygen

N = Nitrogen

S = Sulfur

Na = Sodium

Ca = Calcium

K = Potassium

I = Iodine

Sub-atomic Particles

Protons   p+ ­  positive 

charge, in nucleus 

Electrons ­ e­  negative charge, orbiting nucleus 

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

C

12.011

6

Atomic Mass Atomic #

minus Atomic # = # of n0

= # of p+ and # of e

-Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

6 p+

6 n0

e

-e

-e

-

e

-e

-Compounds

Compounds ­ 2 or more elements 

chemically combined to form       

a new substance with       

new properties

Compounds

Compounds – are made of 2 or 

more different atoms combined to 

form Molecules

H + O       H

₂

O     = 

H

O

H

Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms

in a single molecule

Molecules

Glucose Sugar

C

₆

H

₁₂

O

₆

Chemical formula

C

H

O

H

C

C

C

C

H

C

Compounds

Inorganic

Inorganic

Compounds

Compounds

or

Organic

Organic

Compounds

Compounds

• _{usually don’t contain}

Carbon

• generally come from the earth

• generally simple molecules

• always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P

• _{originate in organisms}

Examples of Inorganic

Compounds

H + O = H

₂

O =

Water

H + Cl = HCl =

Hydrochloric Acid

C + O = CO

₂

=

Carbon Dioxide

Examples of Organic

Compounds

C, H + O

Carbohydrates = Sugars, 

starches & cellulose

C, H + O

Lipids  =  Fats  &  Oils

C, H, O, N, &

sometimes

P + S

Proteins

Chemistry