Bahan ajar Kimia powerpoint dan animasi kelas X XI XIII AdditionReactions

(1)

Catalyst (broken clay pot or aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃)

Decane

(what is the formula? ______________)

water

(2)

Decane

(what is the formula?______________)

What is the Structural formula - Draw in your jotter)

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

(3)

Decane

Draw 4 isomers of decane

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

c c

c

c c

c

c c

c

c c

c

c c

c

c c

c

c c

c

(4)

When we “crack” DECANE what are the possible products formed?

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

How do you prove you have formed these products?

(5)

Annapurna

(6)

Pentene

CH

₃

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH=CH

₂

Alkenes

Can be

Hydrocarbons

Saturated

(Single Bonds)

Can be

Unsaturated

(Double Bond)

Ethene

CH

₂

=CH

₂

Alkanes

(7)

(8)

Saturated or

Unsaturated?

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH

₂

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

(9)

Bromine Water

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

Br

Double Bonds

Undergo

Addition Reactions

In Addition Reactions

The double bond

Breaks and bromine atoms

are added to both sides

(10)

Addition of Hydrogen

(H

2

)

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

Breaks and Hydrogen atoms

The double bond

are added to both sides

of the double bond

(11)

Alkenes into Alkanes

C

H HH

H

C

H

Hexene +

Hydrogen

C

₆

H

₁₂

+

H

₂

Hexane

C

₆

H

₁₄

Now write this

reactions using

the Structural

Formulae

1.

C

H

HH

H

(12)

Alkenes into Alkanes

C C C C C C C

H HH HH H H H H H H H H C H H H H C C C C C C C C H _{H H HH HH H}

H H H H H H H H H H H

Octene + Hydrogen

Octane

C

₈

H

₁₆

+

H

₂

C

₈

H

₁₈

(13)

Saturated?

C

₂

H

₆

C

₄

H

₁₀

C

₂₀

H

₄₂

C

₁₀

H

₂₀

C

₁₅

H

₃₀

C

₈

H

₁₈

C

₇

H

₁₄

C

₆₀

H

₁₂₂

C

₁₁

H

₂₂

?

C

₄

H

₈

?

(14)

Alkenes and Cycloalkanes

Isomers from different Homologous

Series

C

_n

H

_2n

Alkenes

Cyclo-alkanes

Unsaturate

d

Saturated

C

₄

H

₈

(15)

C

4

H

8

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH

₂

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

Butene

Cyclobutane

Unsaturated

Saturated

Reacts with

Bromine

Unreactive

(16)

C

5

H

10

►

Describe how you could find out, which

test tube contained pentene and which

test tube contained cyclopentane

A

B

Penten

e

Cyclopentan

e

(17)

Bromine Water

►

Alkenes react with Bromine water.

►

The bromine water changes from brown to

clear.

►

Tube A must contain Pentene

Alkene

Bromin

e Water

(18)