iv ABSTRAK
PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KORBAN GENOSIDA KULTURAL (CULTURAL GENOCIDE)BERDASARKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Dalam penyusunan Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(Genocide Convention), pengertian genosida yang disusun merupakan pengertian luas karena mencakup genosida fisik, biologis dan kultural. Alasan utama genosida kultural tidak dimasukan adalah karena genosida kultural tidak separah genosida fisik maupun biologis. Tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai genosida kultural membuat beberapa kelompok nasional, etnis, ras dan agama khawatir bahwa budaya mereka dapat dimusnahkan tanpa ada pihak yang dapat diminta pertanggungjawaban. Salah satu contohnya adalah Tibet, sejak Tibet diokupasi oleh Cina terdapat banyak laporan mengenai penghancuran kebudayaan etnis Tibet. Contoh penghancuran terhadap kebudayaan Tibet bisa dilihat dari penghancuran biara-biara, pembatasan terhadap bahasa dan budaya Tibet dalam kurikulum pendidikan serta relokasi besar-besaran etnis Tibet yang hidup nomaden ke perkotaan. Keadaan saat ini menunjukan bahwa adanya kekosongan hukum karena tidak adanya perangkat hukum yang dapat melindungi kelompok-kelompok nasional, etnis, ras maupun agama dari penghancuran terhadap way of life mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji genosida kultural (cultural genocide) sebagai suatu bentuk genosida yang seharusnya diakomodir didalam Genocide Convention, serta bentuk pertanggungjawaban yang akan ditimbulkan jika ada pihak yang melakukan tindakan genosida kultural (cultural genocide).
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode juridis normatif terhadap data primer dan sekunder berkenaan dengan kejahatan genosida, genosida kultural, tanggung jawab negara, dan tanggung jawab individu dalam hukum internasional.
v ABSTRACT
PROTECTION OF CULTURAL GENOCIDE VICTIMS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
In the drafting of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention), the definition of genocide was an expansive one for it included the physical, biological and cultural aspects of genocide. However, the cultural aspect of genocide was not included in the final draft of the convention. The main reason why cultural genocide was not included was because it was felt that cultural genocide was not severe enough. The exclusion of cultural genocide has made national, ethnic, racial and religious groups concerned that their culture may be eradicated without the possibility of holding anybody liable. One example is Tibet, ever since Tibet was occupied by China, there have been many reports regarding the destruction of the Tibetans culture. Examples of this destruction includes; the destruction of temples, the restriction on Tibetan language and culture in school curriculums, and the mass relocation of nomadic Tibetans. This situation displays that there is a legal vacuum, since there is no law that can protect these national, ethnic, racial or religious groups from the destruction of their way of life. This research aims, firstly, to establish that cultural genocide is a form of genocide and must be accommodated in the Genocide Convention, and secondly, to analyze the form of liability of that is attributed to a person or state that conducts cultural genocide.
This research utilizes the normative legal method to analyze the issues at hand, based on primary and secondary data in relation to, the crime of genocide, cultural genocide, state responsibility, and individual criminal responsibility in international law.
