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MODIFICATION OF PALM TRUNK STARCH AS A NANOCOMPOSITE ADHESIVE MATRIX WITHIN NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AND
NATURALLY NANOZEOLITE SARULLA NORTH SUMATRA
ABSTRACT
The result of this research is nanocomposite strach – based adhesive for wood which is environmentally friendly by using palm trunks as a matrix starch that is modified with borax and excipients nanocrystalline cellulose and nanozeolit. The research procedure consists of (1) the provision of sago starch of palm trunk with the extraction method of palm trunk and precipitation, (2) the provision of nanocrystalline cellulose from empty fruit bunches by isolation method, (3) provision of natural nanozeolit originally obtaining Sarulla, (4) blending nanocomposite sago starch along with modified borax, nanocrystalline cellulose, nanozeolit, and (5) characterization of nanocomposite as starch nanocomposite adhesives for wood. The research produces four types of starch nanocomposite adhesives namely adhesives, adhesive with the addition of borax, adhesives with the addition of borax + 2% nanocrystalline cellulose, and adhesives with the addition of borax + 2% nanozeolit. Adhesive of starch nanocomposite qualified SNI 06-0060-1998 criteria as adhesive for wood is adhesive with the addition of borax + 2% nanocrystalline cellulose, has an optimum adhesion strength of 28.55 kgf/cm2, cross-sectional diameter of β.89 μm, the residue at a temperature of 600o
C at 24.27% (TGA test), the melting temperature of 459°C (DSC test). Test FT-IR showed no new chemical bonds.
Keywords: adhesive starch, palm trunks, borax, modified starch, nanocrystalline cellulose, nanozeolit.
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MODIFIKASI PATI SAGU BATANG SAWIT SEBAGAI MATRIKS ADESIF NANOKOMPOSIT DENGAN NANOKRISTAL SELULOSA
DAN NANOZEOLIT ALAM SARULLA SUMATERA UTARA
ABSTRAK
Hasil penelitian ini merupakan adesif pati nanokomposit untuk kayu yang bersifat ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan matriks pati sagu batang sawit yang dimodifikasi dengan boraks dan bahan pengisi nanokristal selulosa dan nanozeolit. Prosedur penelitian meliputi (1) penyediaan pati sagu batang sawit dengan metode ekstraksi batang sawit dan presipitasi, (2) penyediaan nanokristal selulosa dari tandan kosong sawit dengan metode isolasi, (3) penyediaan nanozeolit dari zeolit alam Sarulla, (4) blending nanokomposit pati sagu batang sawit termodifikasi dengan boraks, nanokristal selulosa dan nanozeolit, dan (5) karakterisasi nanokomposit sebagai adesif pati nanokomposit untuk kayu. Penelitian menghasilkan 4 jenis adesif pati nanokomposit yaitu adesif, adesif dengan penambahan boraks, adesif dengan penambahan boraks+2% nanokristal selulosa, dan adesif dengan penambahan boraks+2% nanozeolit. Adesif pati nanokomposit yang memenuhi syarat kriteria SNI 06-0060-1998 sebagai adesif untuk kayu adalah adesif dengan penambahan boraks+2% nanokristal selulosa, memiliki kekuatan rekat optimum 28,55 kgf/cm2, diameter penampang 2,89 µm, residu pada suhu 600oC sebesar 24,27% (uji TGA), titik (suhu) leleh 459 oC (uji DSC). Uji FT-IR menunjukkan tidak ada ikatan kimia baru.
Kata Kunci: adesif pati, batang sawit, boraks, modifikasi pati, nanokristal selulosa, nanozeolit.
