ABSTRAK
Buah delima diketahui mempunyai aktivitas dalam menghambat bakteri Streptococcus mutans, yang diketahui sebagai penyebab karies gigi. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan formulasi sediaan obat kumur dari ekstrak kulit kering buah delima (Punica granatum L)
sebagai alternatif pengobatan karies gigi dan uji aktivitasnya terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi penapisan fitokimia, penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum, formulasi sediaan obat kumur, uji banding sediaan obat kumur dan pegujian waktu kontak sediaan obat kumur. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit kering buah delima mengandung senyawa polifenolat, tannin, flavonoid, kuinon, saponin, monoterpenoid dan seskuiterpenoid. Konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum ekstrak kulit kering buah delima adalah 2,5% b/v. Hasil formulasi sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit kering buah delima berbentuk larutan, berwarna coklat, memiliki bau khas ekstrak dan rasa manis, diikuti pahit. Hasil uji banding sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit kering buah delima dengan formula di pasaran menunjukkan bahwa sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit kering buah delima dengan konsentrasi 5% b/v dan 10%b/v memberikan perbedaan yang nyata pada diameter zona hambat aktivitas antibakteri juga terhadap perubahan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit kering buah delima (Punica granatum L) dan formula pembanding. Sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit kering buah delima (Punica granatum L) mampu membunuh bakteri uji dengan waktu kontak 90 detik. Obat kumur yang disimpan selama 14 hari waktu penyimpanan menunjukkan adanya endapan yang bila dikocok larut lagi.
Kata kunci : Obat kumur, buah delima, Punica granatum L, Streptococcus mutans, karies gigi
FAKULTAS FARMASI
ABSTRACT
Pomegranate fruit was known that have activity of inhibiting the bacteria Streptococcus mutans, which was known as the cause of dental caries. In this research, carried out formulations of gargle with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L) extracts as an alternative of dental caries therapy and test its activity against Streptococcus mutans. The research includes phytochemical screening, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration, formulation of gargle, appeal test of formulas and contact time test. The result of phytochemical screening showed that the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extracts containing polyphenolate, tannine, flavonoids , quinones, saponin, monoterpenoid and seskuiterpenoid. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract was 2,5% w/v. The results of formulations gargle with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract are brown solution with distinctive odour of the pomegranate and taste sweet, following by bitter taste. Appeal test result of gargle with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract and formulas in the market showed that the formula with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract with a concentration of 5% w / v and 10%w/v provide a noticeable difference in the antibacterial activity of inhibitory zone diameters also changes in concentration of dry extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) and the formula for comparison. Formulas with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract capable of killing bacteria test with a contact time of 90 seconds. Formulas with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract which formulated for the 14 days of storage time showed a precipitation was occurred but it disappeared after the bottle shaked.
Keyword : Gargle, pomegranate fruit,Punica granatum L Streptococcus mutans, dental caries
