Logam Aluminium

(1)

TUGAS

KIMIA DASAR

LOGAM ALUMUNIUM

PERIODE SMESTER GANJIL 2011-2012

PROGRAM STUDI : S1 REGULER

DISUSUN OLEH :

NOR

NOR F

FA

AT

TA Y

A YUNASH

UNASHIRSON

IRSON I01110

I0111078

78 JURUSAN T

JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPI

EKNIK SIPIL F

L FAKUL

AKULT

TAS TEKN

AS TEKNIK

IK

UNIVERSIT

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS

AS SEBELAS MARET

MARET

SURAKARTA

2011

TUGAS

(2)

KIMIA DASAR

LOGAM ALUMUNIUM

PERIODE SMESTER GANJIL 2011-2012

PROGRAM STUDI : S1 REGULER

DISUSUN OLEH :

NOR FATA YUNASHIRSON I0111078

JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2011

Kata Pe!ata"

(3)

Pu"i s#ukur $%&ulis $a&"a'ka& k%(a)ira' Tu(a& *a&+ Ma(a ,asi( a'as !%rka' )a& ra(ma'-N#a s%(i&++a $%&ulis )a$a' m%&#%l%saika& $%&#usu&a& Tu+as ,imia Dasar '%&'a&+ L+am Alumi&ium )%&+a& !aik

Tu+as ,imia Dasar '%&'a&+ L+am Alumi&ium i&i )i!%rika& k%$a)a ma(asis.a Jurusa& T%k&ik Si$il /akul'as T%k&ik U&i%rsi'as S%!%las Mar%' )%&+a& maksu) a+ar ma(asis.a m%m$u&#ai $%&+%'a(ua& '%&'a&+ s'ruk'ur l+am sia' s'ruk'ur $%m!ua'a& $%&++u&aa& $a)ua& $%m%li(araa& $%r3!aa& m%ka&ik $%r3!aa& kimia s%r'a sia' '%k&l+i $%&++u&aa& )ari l+am Alumi&ium

Dalam $%&#usu&a& 'u+as i&i $%&ulis !a&#ak m%&%muka& (am!a'a& )a& k%suli'a& &amu& !%rka' k%su&++u(a& s%r'a )uku&+a& )ari !%r!a+ai $i(ak ak(ir&#a 'u+as i&i )a$a' '%rs%l%saika& )%&+a& !aik Ol%( kar%&a i'u )alam k%s%m$a'a& i&i $%&ulis m%&+u3a$ka& '%rima kasi( k%$a)a s%mua $i(ak #a&+ '%la( m%m!a&'u $%&#usu&a& 'u+as i&i D%&+a& '%rs%l%saika&&#a 'u+as i&i )i(ara$ka& $%m!a3a )a$a' m%&am!a $%&+%'a(ua& #a&+ %%k'i )a& %4si%& '%&'a&+ l+am Alumi&ium

P%&ulis m%&#a)ari kar%&a k%'%r!a'asa& $%&+%'a(ua& maka )alam $%&#usu&a& 'u+as i&i masi( !a&#ak k%sala(a& )a& k%kura&+a& s%(i&++a "au( )ari s%m$ur&a U&'uk i'u$%&ulis m%&+(ara$ kri'ik )a& sara& #a&+ !%rsia' m%m!a&+u& )ari $%m!a3a )%mi k%s%m$ur&aa& 'u+as i&i

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr W!

Surakar'a 25 S%$'%m!%r 2011

P%&ulis iii

(4)

A Sam$ul i 6 7alama& Ju)ul ii 8 ,a'a P%&+a&'ar ii D Da'ar Isi  E Isi

1 La'ar 6%laka&+ )a& Rumusa& Masala( 1 2 P%&)a(ulua& 2 9 Sia'-Sia' Alumi&ium 9 5 Prs%s P%m!ua'a& 5  Pa)ua& Alumi&ium ; < P%&++u&aa& Alumi&ium = ; Sia'-Sia' T%k&is 10 > P%&#im$a&a& )a& P%m%li(araa& 12 / ,%sim$ula& 19 G P%&u'u$ 15 i 1

(5)

Lata" #e$a%a!

P%&+u&aa& Alumi&ium)a& l+am $a)ua& Alumi&ium )i)u&ia i&)us'ri '%rus !%rk%m!a&+ )a& )i %ra m)%r&isasi #a&+ '%r"a)i saa' i&i m%&u&'u' ma&usia u&'uk m%laksa&aka& r%ka#asa +u&a m%m%&u(i k%!u'u(a& #a&+ s%maki& km$l%ks 'ak '%rk%3uali )alam (al '%k&l+i #a&+ !%r$%ra& $%&'i&+ )alam k%la&+su&+a& (i)u$ ma&usia s%$%r'i )alam (al r%ka#asa )a& $rs%s $%rlakua& $a)a l+am #a&+ m%m$u&#ai $%&+aru( 4'al kar%&a m%ru$aka& %l%m%& )asar u&'uk m%m!ua' s%sua'u #a&+ !%r+u&a )alam !i)a&+ k&'ruksi !a&+u&a& k(usus&#a

Prs%s $%rlakua& i&i )a$a' )i ar'ika& s%!a+ai sua'u m%')% u&'uk m%m!ua' sua'u ma'%rial m%&"a)i sua'u $r)uk #a&+ sia$ $akai #a&+ )i)uku&+ )a'a-)a'a %m$iris M%')% '%rs%!u' )a$a' )i"a!arka& m%lalui $rs%s $%m!ua'a& u&'uk m%&)a$a'ka& )a'a-)a'a s%$%r'i sia'-sia' ma'%rial ?kimia 4sika m%ka&ik )a& '%k&l+i@

R&'&(a Ma(a$a)

1 6a+aima&a 3ara u&'uk m%&+(ila&+ka& s%&#a.a ?u&sur-u&su lai&@ u&'uk m%&)a$a'ka& Alumi&ium mur&i

2 A$a sa"a sia'-sia' #a&+ )imiliki Alumi&ium s%(i&++a la#ak )i$r)uksi u&'uk )i+u&aka& )alam !i)a&+ k&'ruksi

9 A$a sa"a $a)ua&-$a)ua& #a&+ s%ri&+ )i+u&aka& u&'uk m%m!ua' s%sua'u sia' #a&+ ki'a i&+i&ka& )alam Alumi&ium

5 Pr)uksi a$a sa"a #a&+ m%&++u&aka& !a(a& )asar Alumi&ium  6a+aima&a 3ara $%&#im$a&a& )a& $%ra.a'a& Alumi&ium

(6)

2

Pe*a)&$&a

1+1 L,!a' A$&'--&'

111 P%&+%r'ia& Alumi&ium

Aumi&ium m%ru$aka& sala( sa'u u&sur kimia )ari l+am ri&+a& )%&+a& lam!a&+ Al )a& &m%r a'm&#a 19 Alumi&ium '%rmasuk u&sur #a&+ sa&+a' m%lim$a( )ik%rak !umi !%r"umla( s%ki'ar >B )ari $%rmukaa& !umi Dia m%&%m$a'i uru'a& '%r!a&#ak k% 9 s%'%la( ksi+%& )a& silik& Alumi&ium '%rmasuk l+am +l&+a& u'ama ?IIIA@ #a&+ !%rsia' am'%r )a& ri&+a& !%rsama ma+&%sium )a& $la'i&a

Pa)a la$isa& luar alumi&ium s%lalu '%ru'u$ l%( la$isa& 'i$is ksi)a #a&+ m%ma&+ m%ru$aka& sia' )ari alumi&ium

5 AL C 9 O2 .%2 AL2O9

Oksi)a i&ila( #a&+ m%m$u&#ai sia' m%li&)u&+i alumi&ium )ari $%&+aru(-$%&+aru( asam a'au +aram #a&+ m%&#%!a!ka& l+am-l+am !%rkara' s%kali+us m%m!ua' alumi&ium sukar )i las

Namu& a.al&#a Alumi&ium m%ru$aka& l+am #a&+ ma(al kar%&a u&'uk m%&+(ila&+ka& u&sur-u&sur kimia lai& #a&+ 'i)ak ki'a k%(%&)aki m%ru$aka& $%k%r"aa& #a&+ sukar )a& m%m%rluka& !ia#a #a&+ 'i&++i Ora&+ $%r'ama #a&+ !%r(asil m%misa(ka& alumi&ium )ari s%&#a.a&#a a)ala( Ors'%) $a)a 'a(u& 1>2 )%&+a& 3ara m%r%)uksi alumi&ium klri)a &amu& !%lum )alam k%a)aa& mur&i Alumi&ium mur&i )i'%muka& l%( W(l%r )alam !%&'uk s%r!uk !%r.ar&a a!u-a!u $a)a 'a(u& 1>2; )%&+a& m%m)i4kasi $rs%s Ors'%)

,i&i $rs%s #a&+ )i+u&aka& u&'uk m%m$%rl%( alumi&um s%3ara !%sar-!%sara& m%&++u&aka& $rs%s 7all-7%rul' 8ara i&i )i'%muka& l%( )ua ra&+ #a&+ umur&#a sama ?29 'a(u&@ &amu& )i'%m$a' #a&+ !%r!%)a #ak&i 8(arl%s Mar'i& 7all )i Am%rika )a& 7%rul' )i Paris $a)a 'a(u& 1>>< Prs%s i&i m%&"a)ika& k%)ua&#a ka#a )alam .ak'u si&+ka' )a& m%&i&++al )u&ia $a)a 'a(u& #a&+ sama $ula ?1=15@ S%'%la( )i'%muka& 3ara i&i (ar+a alumi&ium #a&+ a.al&#a sa&+a' ma(al m%&"a)i 'uru& s%3ara )ras'is

Alumi&ium mur&i sa&+a' lu&ak )a& k%kua'a&&#a 'i)ak !%+i'u 'i&++i '%'a$i )%&+a& $%ma)ua& )a& (%a' 'r%a'm%&' )a$a' )i'i&+ka'ka& k%k%rasa& )a& k%kua'a&&#a Misal&#a )i3am$ur )%&+a& !%si '%m!a+a ma+&%sium silik& ma&+a& )a& u&sur-u&sur lai&&#a u&'uk m%m!%&'uk sia'-sia' #a&+ m%&+u&'u&+ka&

(7)

Ri&+a& kua' m%&+kila' ?a!u-a!u $%rak m%'alik@ 'i)ak !%ra3u& 'a(a& $a&as $%&+(a&'ar $a&as #a&+ !aik k&)uk'r lis'rik #a&+ !aik 'i)ak krsi ?kara'@ )a& mu)a( )i-%ks'rusi ?)i3%'ak )alam !%&'uk $%&am$a&+ #a&+ '%'a$@ m%&"a)ika& alumi&ium !a&#ak )i+u&aka& u&'uk !%r!a+ai k%$%rlua& Dari $%&++a&'i ka#u s%!a+ai !a(a& !a&+u&a& #a&+ .ak'u lalu m%&)mi&asi u&'uk !a&+u&a& $%ra!'a& ruma( 'a&++a k%masa& maka&a& 'm'i %l%k'r&ik ka!%l lis'rik '%+a&+a& 'i&++i ra&+ka s%$%)a (i&++a u&'uk k%$%rlua& i&)us'ri $%sa.a' '%r!a&+ m%&++u&aka& alumi&ium

Ta!%l 11 Ta!%l $%ri)ik u&sur Alumi&ium Gam!ar 11 P%&am$ila& l+am Alumi&ium

1+2

S-.at/(-.at

U'&'

A$&'--&'

a Di u)ara alumi&ium la&+su&+ m%miliki la$isa& 'i$is ksi)a alumi&ium $a)a s%luru( $%rmukaa&#a T%!al la$isa& '%rs%!u' a)ala( 19  10- _mm

La$isa& '%rs%!u' la&+su&+ '%r)a$a' $a)a $%rmukaa& $r4l #a&+ !aru )i$'&+

! Ta(a& '%r(a)a$ krsi )a& m%m$u&#ai .ar&a #a&+ s%'a!il 3 P%&+(a&'ar lis'rik )a& $a&as #a&+ !aik

) Alumi&ium 'i)ak m%&#%ra$ $a&as ma'a(ari s%(i&++a '%$a' )i+u&aka& !a(a& $%&u'u$ a'a$

R%F%k'i4'as $a&as ma'a(ari : ;0-=0 B % 6%ra' J%&is : 2; +r3m9

 ,&4+urasi %l%k'r& : 2<=>19><?19@ +ml1

+ El%k'r& $%rkuli' : 2 > 9 ( Ti'ik l%!ur : <<0₈

i Ti'ik )i)i( : 21=₈

" ,alr $%l%!ura& : 10;1 kJml1

k Jari-"ari a'm : 59 $m

5 l ,alr $%l%!ura& : 10;1 kJml1

m Jari-"ari a'm : 59 $m & M)ulus *u&+ : ;0 G$a 1



ma+&%sium 

a$&'--&'

K silik& 6 

A

$

 G 20$ Ta!%l $%ri)ik

(8)

 Mam$u )i)aur ula&+ 'a&$a m%&+alami s%)iki'$u& k%(ila&+a& kuali'as )a& )a$a' )ilakuka& !%rkali-kali

1+ P",(e( Pe'#&ata

Alumi&ium '%r!%&'uk a'au )ila( )ari !a(a&-!a(a& )asar s%!a+ai !%riku':

 6auksi' ?Al2O9@&72O  6a'u Ma&ikam ?AL2O9@  ,rili' ?Na9Al/<@

 ,ali& ?'a&a( lia'@

,ar%&a Alumu&ium 'i)ak )i'%muka& )alam !%&'uk-!%&'uk mur&i m%lai&ka& !%ru$a s%&#a.a kima )%&+a& u&sur-u&sur lai& maka Alumi&ium (arus )i$rs%s )a(ulu Sala( sa'u $rs%s $%mur&ia& Alumi&ium a)ala( )%&+a& Prs%s 7all-7%rul' s%3ara si&+ka' )iuraika& s%!a+ai !%riku':

Gam!ar 12 6auksi'

6i"i( Alumi&ium #a&+ $%&'i&+ s%!a+ai& sum!%r Alumi&ium a)ala( 6auksi'_. 6auksi' #a&+ )i(asilka& )ari 'am!a&+ )i(a&3urka& k%mu)ia& )i(aluska& m%&"a)i s%r!uk m%&++u&aka& ala'-ala' '%r'%&'u !iasa&#a 6allmil S%'%la( (alus )i'am!a(ka& laru'a& NaO7 $%ka' u&'uk m%laru'ka& Al2O9 #a&+ a)a )alam

!auksi' s%)a&+ka& a' lai& 'i)ak laru'

Al2O9?s@ C 2NaO7?a@ K 2NaAlO2?a@ C 72O?l@

(9)

S%'%la( )ilakuka& $%misa(a& laru'a& NaAlO2 )iasamka& s%(i&++a

'%r!%&'uk %&)a$a& Al?O7@9

NaAlO2?a@ C 72O?l@ C 78l?a@ K Al?O7@9?s@ C Na8l?a@

E&)a$a& Al?O7@9 )isari&+ k%mu)ia& )i$a&aska& $a)a su(u s%ki'ar 110Q8

s%(i&++a '%rurai m%&"a)i Al2O9 )a& ua$ air

Al?O7@9?s@ K Al2O9?s@ C 972O?+@

Al2O9 i&ila( #a&+ aka& )ir%)uksi m%&"a)i alumi&ium s%3ara %l%k'rlisis

)alam sua'u !%"a&a #a&+ )is%!u' s%l 7all-7%rul' S%!%lum $rs%s %l%k'rlisis )ila&+su&+ka& alumi&a )il%l%(ka& '%rl%!i( )a(ulu )alam krili' /u&+si krili' )isi&i u&'uk m%&uru&ka& 'i'ik l%l%( alumi&a #a&+ a.al&#a s%ki'a 2000Q8 m%&"a)i =00Q8

L%l%(a& alumi&a #a&+ )i$%rl%( k%mu)ia& )imasuka& k% )alam sua'u !%"a&a u&'uk $rs%s %l%k'rlisis #a&+ )is%!u' s%l 7all-7%rul' 6%"a&a #a&+ )i+u&aka& '%r!ua' )ari !%si )ila$isi +ra4' #a&+ s%kali+us !%r'i&)ak s%!a+ai ka')a S%)a&+ka& a&)a )i+u&aka& !a'a&+-!a'a&+ +ra4' #a&+ )i3%lu$ka& k% )alam laru'a&

,%'ika arus lis'rik )i"ala&ka& i&-i& Al9C _{#a&+ a)a )alam laru'a& aka&}

!%r+%rak m%&u"u ka')a #a&+ k%mu)ia& )ir%)uksi m%&"a)i alumi&ium 3air s%)a&+ka& i&-i& O2_{aka& !%r+%rak m%&u"u a&)a k%mu)ia& )iksi)asi m%&"a)i}

+as ksi+%& 6%riku' r%aksi #a&+ '%r"a)i )alam s%l %l%k'rlisis

Al2O9?l@ K 2Al9C?a@ C 9O2 ?a@

,a')a : Al9C?l@ C 9% KAl?l@  5

A&)a : 2O2 _{?l@ K O}

2?+@ C 5%  9

5Al9C?a@ C <O2 ?a@ K 5Al?l@ C 9O2?+@

(10)

Gam!ar 19 S%l 7all-7%rul' u&'uk $%m!ua'a& alumi&ium )ari %l%k'rlisis l%l%(a& Al2O9)alam krili'

Alumi&ium #a&+ )i$%rl%( )alam r%aksi i&i !%r!%&'uk 3air kar%&a su(u )i )alam s%l %l%k'rlisis m%l%!i(i 'i'ik l%l%( alumi&ium #a&+ (a&#a <<0Q8 ,%mu)ia& Alumi&ium 3air #a&+ )i$%rl%( )ialirka& k%luar )ari s%l k%mu)ia& su(u )i'uru&ka& a+ar )i$%rl%( alumi&ium $a)a' )a& )i$rs%s m%&"a)i !%&'uk-!%&'uk #a&+ )ii&+i&ka&

P%rlakua& '%rmal #a&+ umum )ilakuka& a)ala(:

 P%&+%r"aa& l+am )%&+a& m%&++u&aka& $a&as ?misal: (' %'rusi&@  M%ma&aska& l+am (i&++a m%&)%ka'i 'i'ik l%!ur&#a lalu )i)i&+i&ka&

s%3ara $%rla(a& Prs%s i&i )is%!u' a&&%ali&+ )a& m%&+(asilka& l+am #a&+ lu&ak

 P%&)i&+i&a& )%&+a& 3%$a' !aik )%&+a& m%&++u&aka& %s air )i&+i& a'au$u& air m%&)i)i( s%suai k%!u'u(a& Prs%s i&i )i&amaka& u%&3(i&+

 Disim$a& $a)a '%m$%ra'ur '%r'%&'u ?umum&#a m%&)%ka'i 'i'ik l%!ur&#a@ s%lama !%!%ra$a lama ?a&'ara 1 "am (i&++a 50 (ari@ Prs%s i&i )is%!u' ar'i43ial a+% (ar)%&i&+

P%rlakua& '%rmal )a$a' !%ru$a km!i&asi &mr )ua 'i+a )a& %m$a' &amu& a)a "u+a #a&+ m%lakuka& $%&#im$a&a& s%lama !%!%ra$a lama $a)a su(u kamar s%'%la( u%&3(i&+ s%!%lum sia$ )i+u&aka& A)a "u+a #a&+ )i'%m$a $a)a su(u kamar s%!%lum )isim$a& $a)a su(u 'i&++i

P%&#im$a&a& $a)a su(u 'i&++i !%rma&aa' u&'uk m%&i&+ka'ka& k%k%rasa& )a& k%kua'a& '%&sil Nilai $%&i&+ka'a& k%kua'a& '%&sil )a$a' m%&3a$ai 'i+a kali&#a "ika )i!a&)i&+ka& )%&+a& alumi&ium $a)ua& 'a&$a $%rlakua& '%rmal

(11)

;

1+ Pa*&a A$&'--&'

Dalam k%a)aa& mur&i alumi&ium '%rlalu lu&ak u&'uk )a$a' )i$akai $a)a !%r!a+ai k%$%rlua& '%k&ik (a&#a m%miliki k%kua'a& '%&sil s%!%sar =0& MPa

D%&+a& $%ma)ua& '%k&ik ?all#i&+@ sia' i&i )a$a' )i$%r!aiki '%'a$i s%ri&+kali sia' 'a(a& krsi&#a !%rkura&+ )%mikia& $ula k%ul%'a&&#a

S%)iki' ma&+a& silik& )a& ma+&%sium 'i)ak !a&#ak m%&+ura&+i sia' 'a(a& krsi&#a '%'a$i s%&+ !%si 'ima( $u'i( )a& '%m!a+a 3uku$ )ras'is m%&uru&ka& sia' 'a(a& krsi&#a

Pa)ua& alumi&ium )a$a' )i!a+i m%&"a)i 2 k%lm$k: 1 Alumi&ium .r&+l' all# ?l%m!ara&@

2 Alumi&ium 3s'i&+ all# ?!a'a&+ 3r@ 151 J%&is-J%&is Pa)ua& Alumi&ium

a Duralumi& :

U&sur #a&+ '%rka&)u&+ a)ala( '%m!a+a 55B 1B ma+&%sium ma&+a& 0<B )a& =9B alumi&ium !%ra' ,%kua'a& lulu( ,(as a)ala( 50 MPa )%&+a& ariasi '%r+a&'u&+ $a)a km$sisi

Gam!ar 151 Duralumi& ! Alumi&ium-Silik& :

Pa)ua& alumi&ium )%&+a& silik& (i&++a 1B aka& m%m!%rika& k%k%rasa& )a& k%kua'a& '%&sil #a&+ 3uku$ !%sar (i&++a m%&3a$ai 2 MPa $a)a alumi&ium $a)ua& #a&+ )i(asilka& $a)a $%rlakua& $a&as Jika k&s%&'rasi silik& l%!i( 'i&++i )ari 1B 'i&+ka' k%ra$u(a& l+am aka& m%&i&+ka' s%3ara )ras'is aki!a' '%r!%&'uk&#a kris'al +ra&ula silika Dia&'ara k%u&'u&+a& )ari silumi& a)ala( r%sis'%&si 'i&++i '%r(a)a$ krsi s%(i&++a !%rma&aa' )alam li&+ku&+a& l%m!a! P%&am!a(a& silik& u&'uk alumi&ium

(12)

Gam!ar 152 Pa)ua& Alumi&ium-Silik& 3 Alumi&ium-Ma+&%sium :

Pa)ua& Al-M+ m%ru$aka& $a)ua& )%&+a& 'i&+ka' k%'a(a&a& krsi #a&+ $ali&+ !aik )i!a&)i&+ka& )%&+a& $a)ua& alumu&ium lai&&#a ,%!%ra)aa& ma+&%sium (i&++a 19B )a$a' m%&uru&ka& 'i'ik l%!ur l+am $a)ua& #a&+ 3uku$ )ras'is )ari <<0_{8 (i&++a 50}_{8 S%lai& i'u}

$a)ua& Al-M+  B m%ru$aka& & (%a'-'r%a'a!l% all# S%(i&++a )%&+a& )ilakuka&&#a $rs%s slu'i& 'r%a'm%&' 900_{8 m%&uru&ka&}

k%k%rasa& (i&++a 1>0< B k%kua'a& 'arik <15 B )a& r%+a&+a& 5105 B S%!alik&#a +rai& r%4&%r m%m$%r!aiki sia' m%ka&is&#a )ima&a $a)a k&)isi as-3as' m%&i&+ka'ka& k%k%rasa& (i&++a <<> B k%kua'a& 'arik 20< B )a& r%+a&+a& 9>95 B ,%!%ra)aa& ma+&%sium "u+a m%&"a)ika& l+am $a)ua& )a$a' !%k%r"a )%&+a& !aik $a)a '%m$%ra'ur #a&+ sa&+a' r%&)a( )i ma&a k%!a&#aka& l+am aka& m%&+alami ailur% $a)a '%m$%ra'ur '%rs%!u'

Gam!ar 159 Pa)ua& Alumi&ium-Ma+&%sium

= ) Alumi&ium-T%m!a+a :

(13)

Pa)ua& alumi&ium-'%m!a+a "u+a m%&+(asilka& sia' #a&+ k%ras )a& kua' &amu& ra$u( Umum&#a u&'uk k%$%&'i&+a& $%&%m$aa& $a)ua& 'i)ak !l%( m%miliki k&s%&'rasi '%m!a+a )i a'as <B kar%&a aka& m%m!%&'uk s%&#a.a 8uAl2 )alam l+am #a&+ m%&"a)ika& l+am ra$u(

% Alumi&ium-S%&+ :

Pa)ua& alumi&ium )%&+a& s%&+ m%ru$aka& $a)ua& #a&+ $ali&+ '%rk%&al kar%&a m%ru$aka& !a(a& $%m!ua' !a)a& )a& sa#a$ $%sa.a' '%r!a&+ Pa)ua& i&i m%miliki k%kua'a& '%r'i&++i )i!a&)i&+ka& $a)ua& lai&&#a alumi&ium )%&+a& B s%&+ )a$a' m%miliki k%kua'a& '%&sil s%!%sar >0 MPa )%&+a& %l&+asi s%!%sar 11B )alam s%'ia$ 0 mm !a(a& 6a&)i&+ka& )%&+a& alumi&ium )%&+a& 1B ma+&%sium #a&+ m%miliki k%kua'a& '%&sil s%!%sar 510 MPa &amu& m%miliki %l&+asi s%!%sar <B s%'ia$ 0 mm !a(a&

1+ Pe!!&aa A$&'--&'

Da$a' )ika'aka& !a(.a Alumi&ium )i+u&aka& )is%+ala !i)a&+ $%m!a&+u&a& !aik u&'uk k&'ruksi mau$u& u&'uk $%&++u&aa& lai&

Pr$il-$r$il Alumi&ium #a&+ )i+u&aka& $a)a umum&#a su)a( sia$ $asa&+ Disam$i&+ 'i)ak m%m!u'u(ka& 4&is(i&+ $%&++u&aa& $r$il Alumi&ium )a$a' m%m$%r3%$a' $rs%s $%laksa&aa& 7al i&i )is%!a!ka& kar%&a $r$il-$r$il #a&+ )i+u&aka& '%la( sia$ )a& 'i&++al m%m'&+ s%la&"u'&#a )i$asa&+ P%masa&+a&&#a $u& 'i)ak m%m!u'u(ka& $%rala'a& #a&+ !%sar )a& rumi'

11 6%&'uk-!%&'uk Alumi&ium

a Alumi&ium 'ua&+ a'au 3%'ak ?)i$%r)a+a&+ka& )alam !%&'uk ala'-ala' ruma( 'a&++a@

! Alumi&ium +ili&+ !%r!%&'uk $la'

• Pla' ra'a : U&'uk a'a$

• Pla' +%lm!a&+ : U&'uk a'a$

• Pla' !%rusuk : U&'uk 'a&++a $la&) )i&)i&+

• Pla' !%r$%'ak : U&'uk 'a&++a $la&) )i&)i&+ • Pla' !%ralur : U&'uk 'a&++a $la&) )i&)i&+

10 3 Alumi&ium !a'a&+ ?!%r)iam%'%r !%sar !%ru$a $i$a-$i$a )a& !%r)iam%'%r

k%3il !%ru$a ka.a'@ ) Alumi&ium $r$il

• Alumi&ium $r$il siku • Alumi&ium $r$il T%%

(14)

• Alumi&ium $r$il %'

• Alumi&ium $r$il U a'au $ari' • Alumi&ium $r$il I

• Alumi&ium $r$il k(usus ?ks%&-ks%& "%&)%la a'au $i&'u@ • Alumi&ium a.&i&+

% M%m!ua' '%rmi' #ai'u 3am$ura& s%r!uk alumi&ium )%&+a& s%r!uk !%si ?III@ ksi)a )i+u&aka& u&'uk m%&+%las !a"a )i'%m$a' misal&#a u&'uk m%&#am!u&+ r%l k%r%'a a$i

Gam!ar 11 l%m!ara& Alumi&ium Gam!ar 12 a'a$ Alumi&ium Gam!ar 19

usuk Alumi&ium

1+3 S-.at/S-.at Te%-(

1<1 Sia' /isik Alumi&ium

a Wu"u) : Pa)a' ?sli)@ ! Massa "%&is : 2;0 +ram3m9

3 Massa "%&is $a)a .u"u) 3air : 29; +ram3m9

) Ti'ik l%!ur : =995; , <<092_{8 1220>}_/

% Ti'ik )i)i( : 2;=2 , 21=_{8 5<<}_/

 ,alr "%&is ?2_8@ _{: 252 Jml ,}

11 + R%sis'a&si lis'rik : ?20 _8@ _{2>2 &V m}

( ,&)uk'ii'as '%rmal ?900 ,@ : 29; Wm , i P%muaia& '%rmal ?2 _{8@ : 291 mm ,}

" M)ulus *u&+ : ;0 G$a k M)ulus +%s%r : 2< G$a l Piss& ra'i : 09

m ,%k%rasa& skala M(s : 2; & ,%k%rasa& skala Xi3k%rs : 1<; M$a  ,%k%rasa& skala 6ri&&%l : 25 M$a 1<2 Sia' M%ka&ik Alumi&ium

P%r3!aa& m%ka&ik iala( $%r3!aa& )%&+a& +a#a-+a#a #a&+ 'i&++al a'au +a#a-+a#a #a&+ !%r'am!a(!%rkura&+ s%3ara $%rla(a&-la(a& S%!ua( !a'a&+ Alumi&ium )i'arik )%&+a& m%si& sam$ai $u'us s%(i&++a )ik%'a(ui r%&++a&+a&&#a

Alumi&ium #a&+ !aik m%m$u&#ai:  R%&++a&+a& maksimum 2B

(15)

 M)ulus %las'isi'as Y 10  10< $si

 6a'as mi&imum k%kua'a& 'arik 2;000 $si

P%r3!aa& '%ka& $a)a $%r3aa& i&i "u+a )i)a$a' %las'isi'as )a& !a'as $r$rsi&ali'as&#a

1<9 P%r3!aa& T%k&l+i

P%r3!aa& k%k%rasa& ,%k%rasa& a)ala( $%rla.a&aa& #a&+ )i!%rika& l%( sua'u !%&)a '%r(a)a$ '%ka&a& a'au !%&'ura& !%&)a lai&m%')% #a&+ s%ri&+ )i+u&aka& #ai'u 6ri&%l a'au S(r% Pa)a $%r3!aa& 6ri&%ll s%!ua( $%rulu )i'%ka&ka& )%&+a& !!' P k% )alam !i)a&+ Alumi&ium 7asil&#a u&'uk Alumi&ium 76 ?10-9000-20@ Z 90-50

1<9 P%r3!aa& ,imia

Dilakuka& )ila!'rium '%ru'ama u&'uk m%&+%'a(ui krsi +ala&is s%r'a km$sisi #a&+ '%rka&)u&+ )alam !a(a&

12

1+7 Pe4-'5aa *a Pe'e$-)a"aa

1;1 P%&#im$a&a&

6a(a& Alumi&ium k%!a&#aka& )ikirim )alam !%&'uk 'i&++al $asa&+ Ol%( s%!a! i'u $%&3%+a(a& u&'uk m%&+ura&+i k%mu&+ki&a& rusak (arus )ilakuka& $a)a .ak'u $%&+a&+ku'a& )a& )ila$a&+a& $r#%k S%!aik&#a !a(a&-!a(a& )ari Alumi&ium i&i )ikirim $a)a 'a(a$a& ak(ir )ari sua'u $%m!a&+u&a&

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