ANDI RUSTANDI, 2015 i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prage
APPROVAL PAGE ... i
DECLARATION ... ii
ABSTRACT ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... iv
TABLE OF CONTENT ... v
LIST OF TABLES ... viii
CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study... 1
1.2. Research Questions ... 5
1.3. Research Objectives ... 5
1.4. Scope of the Study... 5
1.5. Significance of the Research ... 6
1.6. Clarification of Terms ... 7
1.7. Organization of thesis ... 8
1.8. Conclusion ... 8
CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Meaning Negotiation ... 9
2.1.1 The definition of meaning negotiation ... 9
2.1.2 A brief history of the theory of meaning negotiation ... 12
2.1.3 The process and the strategy of meaning negotiation ... 14
2.1.4 Meaning negotiation and language learning ... 19
2.1.5. Meaning Negotiation Problems in Classroom ... 20
2.2.1 The definition of classroom interaction ... 21
2.2.2 Some types of classroom interaction ... 22
2.2.2.1Teacher and student in classroom interaction ... 22
2.2.2.2Students and students classroom interaction ... 23
2.3. International Standard School ... 24
2.3.1. The definition of International Standard School ... 24
2.3.2. The objectives of Fledgling International Standard School... 25
2.3.3. The Characteristics of Fledgling International Standard School... 26
2.3.4. The differences between Fledgling International Standard School and non Fledgling International Standard School ... 28
2.3.5. Teachers in Fledgling International Standard School ... 29
2.3.6. Students in Fledgling International Standard School ... 31
2.3.7. The recent condition of Fledgling International Standard School in Indonesia ... 32
2.4. Classroom Interaction in Fledgling International Standard School ... 34
2.4.1. Teacher and student interaction... 34
2.4.2. Student and student interaction ... 35
2.5. Previous Research in Meaning Negotiation ... 36
2.6 Conclusion ... 37
CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 38
ANDI RUSTANDI, 2015 iii
3.3 Data Collection ... 41
3.3.1 Classroom Observation ... 41
3.3.2. Questionnaire ... 42
3.4 Data Analysis ... 43
3.4.1 Observation ... 43
3.4.2 Questionnaire ... 44
3.5 Summary of the research methodology ... 45
3.6 Conclusion ... 45
CHAPTER FOURDATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Meaning Negotiation Strategies ... 46
4.1.1 Clarification Request ... 49
4.1.1.1 Teachers’ Clarification Request ... 49
4.1.1.2 Students’ clarification request ... 51
4.1.2 Confirmation Check ... 53
4.1.2.1 Teachers’ confirmation check ... 53
4.1.2.2 Students confirmation check ... 54
4.1.3 Comprehension check ... 55
4.1.3.1 Teachers’ comprehension check ... 55
4.1.3.2 Students Comprehension Check ... 57
4.1.4 Self Repetition ... 59
4.1.4.1 Teacher Self Repetition ... 59
4.1.4.2 Student Self Repetition ... 60
4.1.5 Other repetition ... 62
4.1.5.1 Teacher’s other repetition ... 62
4.1.5.2 Student’s other repetition ... 63
4.1.6 Self Correction ... 64
4.1.6.1 Teacher’s Self Correction ... 64
4.1.6.2 Students’s Self Correction ... 65
4.1.7 Approximation ... 66
4.1.7.1 Teacher’s Approximation ... 66
4.2 Meaning Negotiation Problems ... 69
4.2.1 Problems in Language Elements ... 70
4.2.2 Pronunciation ... 71
4.2.2.1 Consonant Sound ... 72
4.2.2.2 Vowel Sound ... 74
4.2.2.3 Intonation ... 75
4.2.3 Vocabulary ... 76
4.2.3.1 Science Vocabulary ... 76
4.2.3.2 General Vocabulary ... 78
4.2.4 Grammar ... 79
4.2.4.1 Subject Verb Agreement ... 79
4.2.4.2 Part of Speech ... 81
4.2.4.3 Tenses ... 81
4.3 Conclusion ... 83
CHAPTER FIVECONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion ... 84
5.2 Recommendation ... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... x
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1 Criteria of Fledgling International Standardized School ... 26
Table2 Differences of Fledgling International Standardized School and Non Fledgling Standardized School ... 27
Table 3 Teacher Characteristics ... 38
Table 4 Categories of Meaning Negotiation Problems ... 40
Table 5 Types of Meaning Negotiation Strategy ... 41
Table 6 Categories of Meaning Negotiation Problems ... 42
Table 7 Numbers of Times and Percentage of Negotiation Strategies Used .. 45
Table 8 Meaning Negotiation Problems ... 63
