AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SEXUAL TERMS IN THE MOVIE “THE UGLY TRUTH”

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SEXUAL TERMS

IN THE MOVIE

“THE UGLY TRUTH”

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial of the Requirements for

Sarjana Sastra Degree of English Department

Faculty of Letter and Fine Arts

Sebelas Maret University

By:

NOVIKA TRISKY HARDIKA

C0306006

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS

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PRONOUNCEMENT

Name : Novika Trisky Hardika

NIM : C0306006

States truthfully that the thesis entitled “Analysis of Translation Technique

and Quality of Sexual Terms in the Movie Entitled The Ugly Truth” is originally

written by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism nor made by others. The

statements which do not belong to the researcher are written in quotation and

included within the bibliography.

If in the future it is proved that the reseacher cheats, the researcher is ready

to accept the academic sanction.

Surakarta, May 2nd 2012

The researcher

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MOTTO

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vi DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All praise is due to Allah SWT for giving all of the knowledge. I also would like

to say thank you to all of the followings for making all this possible.

1. Drs. Riyadi Santoso, M.Ed, Ph.D. as the dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine

Arts for approving my thesis.

2. Drs. Agus Hari, M.A., Ph.D. as the head of English Department for

supporting the completion of my thesis.

3. Prof. Drs. MR. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A., Ph.D. for being my thesis supervisor

and teaching me the valuable knowledge and skill of translation.

4. All of my lectures in English Department of UNS, thank you for teaching

and educating me.

5. My beloved parents, my sisters (mbak Shinta and mbak Shanty), and my

little brother, Shoffin. I thank for all the prayers and supports. I am so happy

to have you all as my family. One day, I will make you proud. I promise.

6. Love of my life, Sayidillah Akhmad, S.E. Thank you, thank you, thank you.

You are amazing.

7. Cindy, Ikha, Ayud, Nina, Dian, Faat, Diva, and Elita. You guys are the best

gank ever. Thank you for always supporting me, all the good and bad times

we have been through together.

8. Mbak Puspa, VIP (mas Itok and Pondra), Tim Mie Ayam. Thank you guys.

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9. My second family, mbak Lina, mbak Ita, mbak Lidya, Mandez. You guys

are crazy. Thank for the warmth and comfort, laugh and cry, friends and

family. I love u. Itu!

10. My boo (Dila, Lala, Rini, Beka, Ata, Anita, Ima), Vendra, Bimo, Wisnu.,

and all of my ED 06 friends. You guys are awesome. Such a nice class we

had together. My angel in heaven, Wulan. I miss you so much hunny. This

is for you, for us.

11. The big family of @SELISOLORAYA. Never thought that we have been

through this far. Thank you for all the adventures. Keep going guys. Keep

cycling. Go Green!

12. All the raters that have made time for filling out my questionnaires and

sharing your knowledge and experience. It means alot.

13. All the wonderful people that can not be mentioned one by one. Thank you

for making my thesis possible.

Surakarta, May 2nd 2012

The researcher

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”

. Undergraduate Thesis. Surakarta: English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Art, SebelasMaret University.

This research discusses about the translation techniques of sexual terms in the movie The Ugly Truth and the assessment quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability.

The research design is descriptive qualitative that uses two kinds of data sources. The first is in the form of document consisting of the VCD of the movie

The Ugly Truth, script, and subtitle of the movie’s dialogue. The second are from the closed-ended questionnaires about the assessment quality of the translation fulfilled by three raters who are competent in the field of translation. There are 102 data obtained from data sources.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SEXUAL TERMS

IN THE MOVIE “THE UGLY TRUTH”

Novika Trisky Hardika1 Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D.2

ABSTRACT

2012. An Analysis of The Translation of Sexual Terms in the Movie “The Ugly Truth”. Undergraduate Thesis. Surakarta: English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Art, SebelasMaret University.

This research discusses about the translation techniques of sexual terms in the movie The Ugly Truth and the assessment quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability.

The research design is descriptive qualitative that uses two kinds of data sources. The first is in the form of document consisting of the VCD of the movie The Ugly Truth, script, and subtitle of the movie’s dialogue. The second are from the closed-ended questionnaires about the assessment quality of the translation fulfilled by three raters who are competent in the field of translation. There are 102 data obtained from data sources.

There are two results of this research. First is the presence of eight techniques used in sexual terms translated in the movie. They are literal (37.25%), adaptation (3.92%), borrowing (24.51%), calque (9.80%), addition (0.98%), subtraction (9.80%), synonym (12.75%), and particularization (0.98%). The second is the findings that there are 57 data (55.88%) are accurate, 36 data (35.29%) are less accurate, and 9 data (8.82%) are inaccurate. There are also 65 data (63.73%) are acceptable, 29 data (28.43%) are less acceptable, and 8 data (7.84%) are unacceptable.

1

Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Inggris dengan NIM C0306006 2

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Research Background

It cannot be denied that translation is instrumental in the development of

science and technology today. Lots of texts, books and other written media are

deliberately translated to increase knowledge and support in-depth study of a

science or technology. This is where the role of the translator is very big.

Translator is not only required to be able to change text from one language into

another language, but also to send the right message from the source text into the

target text. If the translator cannot convey the message properly,

misunderstandings are possible to occur.

It does not stop at that point. A translator must also be able to make the

target text as natural as the source text. In order to achieve such results, the

translator needs to learn and understand cultures, the culture of the country of

origin of the source text, and culture of the country of origin of the target text. If

this can be achieved, then the translation result will look natural, not contrived,

and it will be easier to understand because the reader will feel like he is reading

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As explained by Haltom Basil and Ian Mason (1990: 223) in their book

entitled Discourse and the Translator:

Most obviously, the translator has not only a bilingual ability but also a bi-cultural vision. Translators mediate between cultures (including ideologies, moral systems, and socio-political structures), seeking to overcome those incompatibilities which stand in the way of transfer meaning.

Therefore, the translator must also understand well the culture of the

languages involved in the translation process when it comes to translate the terms

that are considered sensitive by the target readers for example, sexual term which

is considered taboo and vulgar in Indonesia.

Sex, one word might reveal a lot of questions and statements. Maybe some

people will react indifferently and ordinarily when they hear that “sex” word but

in our environment that still adhered to western cultures, the “sex” word is

considered vulgar and taboo for many people. These days, Indonesia is facing an

intense period of development, those in terms of economic, politic and socio-

cultural development. One aspect of social changes marked in Indonesia is related

to sex. Teenagers and young people change their attitudes, ideas, and behaviors in

relation to sex. A number of associated social problems have emerged such as

high rates of unplanned teen’s pregnancy, high rates of transmission of Sexually

Transmitted Infections including HIV/AIDS, and a general lack of understanding

about sex. These aspects reveal a lack of a sufficient Sexual and Reproductive

Health Education program across schools of Indonesia. Along with changing

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western cultural influences coming into our country and then change the mindset

of people about things that are taboo and vulgar like sex itself.

There are so many elements of western culture coming into our country and

in between cannot escape the element of sex. Novels, music, and movies are some

of the media elements that are more frequently exposed to sex itself. Sex in the

movies for example, is regarded as an important insertion although the film did

not raise the same theme. Although just a kiss or hug affectionately, it can be

separated from the romantic side of sex.

The writer wishes to discuss the sexual terms in the film, is not to highlight

vulgar side of these terms. It is because there is still little discussion about these

terms, they have ambiguous meaning, and Indonesian language only has sexual

terms far fewer than the sexual terms used in the United States that uses English

as their mother language. The sexual terms are also commonly used in medical

science and psychology field. The examples of sexual terms used in medical

science are syphilis, vagina, penis, etc. While, the examples of sexual terms used

in psychology are puberty, pedophilia, sexophobia, etc.

The writer would like to eliminate the slight feeling of taboo and vulgar

terms in discussing sex and a glimpse of it for educational purposes and it is not

due solely to pay attention to the vulgar only. Here are some examples of sexual

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1. Context : This utterance is spoken by a saleswoman who is offering

Abby Richter a cocktail dress.

Data number : 048/ TUT/ 00:36:18

SL : Vag says you're trying too hard.

TL : Kalau kau perlihatkan, itu tandanya kau putus asa.

The word vag above is a continuation of the vagina that is popular language

in the source language is abbreviated such a manner. Moreover in the subtitle, the

word is adapted and compensated into a new expression. It makes the results of

the translation is acceptable but not accurate.

2. Context : Mike Chadway addressed to two sexy girls who walked

with him speaks this utterance.

SL : I smell threesome.

TL : Aku mencium threesome.

The word threesome is not changed at all from the source language into the

target language. This is called borrowing, often done if there is no equivalent

word in the target language. The use of this borrowing could be accurate but may

be less acceptable to some people who still lay with the term. Whereas, if it is

described in the Indonesian language it then becomes three people who perform a

sexual activity at the same time.

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3. Context : Mike Chadway to Abby Richter says the sentence when

they talk about Abby's sex life.

SL : Abby, what could be more personal than you flicking your

bean?

TL : Apa yang lebih pribadi dari masturbasi?

The phrase flicking bean in the source language is translated as masturbasi.

This is done because of flicking bean is an idiomatic phrase to masturbasi.

Therefore, the term is acceptable and accurate.

The movie was chosen because the film has a number of data needed to

meet the standards of research data and because the movie does not present many

sex scenes.

B. Research Limitation

The scope of this research is limited to the analysis of the techniques used

by the translator in translating sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly

Truth from English into Indonesian language and its quality in terms of accuracy

and acceptability.

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1. What techniques does the translator use in translating sexual terms in

subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian

language?

2. How is the translation quality of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The

Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian language?

D. Objectives of the Research

This analysis of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth has

two objectives, they are:

1. to find out the techniques used by the translator in translating sexual terms

in subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian

language.

2. to find out the translation quality of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie

The Ugly Truth from English into Indonesian language.

E. Research Benefits

This research is not intended only for the researcher purposes of final

assignment, but it is also expected to be useful to several parties, such as:

1. Other researcher

This research can be used to add information and reference about the

translation, subtitling, or sexual terms discussed in it for those who need it.

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2. The lecturers

This research is expected to be a reference and additional information for

lecturers in the teaching process.

3. The translator

This research is expected to be the input for translators in translation

techniques apply to sexual terms.

F. Thesis Organization

1. Chapter I: INTRODUCTION

It consists of Research Background, Research Limitation, Problem

Statement, Objectives of the Research, Research Benefits, and Thesis

Organization.

2. Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW

It consists of the definition and explanation about Translation, Translating,

Sexual Terms, Subtitle, Translation Technique, Translation Assessments, and

Summary.

3. Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLODY

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4. Chapter IV: ANALYSIS

It consists of Introduction and Research Findings and Discussion.

5. Chapter V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

It consists of Research Conclusion and Suggestion.

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Translation

There is no definite definition of translation. However, some experts try to

give an idea about translation. Bell (1991: 5) suggests that the translation is the

expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in

another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. Catford

(1965: 20) gives simpler definition about translation. He states that translation is

an operation performed on languages; a process of substituting a text in one

language for a text in another. His definition does not cover meaning, style, and

form of the text. It only mentions about the changing of a language into another

language.

Translation can be applied in many manners. Newmark (1991) also believes

that translation is a cover term that comprises any method of transfer, oral or

written, from writing to speech, from speech to writing, or message from one

language to another. This is done by going from the form of the first language to

the form of the second language by way of semantic structure (Larson, 1984).

Therefore, it transfers source language into target language without changing its

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From the definitions mentioned above, it can be concluded that the

translation is a cover term that comprises method of transferring message from

one language (source language) into another language (target language), oral or

written, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. Before finding equivalent

word, phrase, clause, or sentence in target language, a translator needs to analyze

the meaning contained in the form that will be translated (Simatupang, 2000).

Therefore, the translator must be able to convey the message properly and

correctly, with language style that is not rigid so that the readers or the listeners

will feel comfortable to enjoy the result of the translation.

B. Translating

All products require a process before they can be consumed. So is the

translation, which requires a process to produce it. Translating consists of

reproducing in receptor language the closest equivalent of the source language

message, first in term of meaning and the secondly in term of style (Nida and

Taber, 1974). In other words, it is a process of imitating the meaning of source

text into target text‟s language and style.

Simatupang (2000: 2) describes that translating is transferring meaning of

source language into target language to express it back in target language with

target language‟s forms as natural as possible according to rules applicable in

target language. He emphasizes about the importance of meaning that has to be

delivered by translator from source language into target language.

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It is important to notice that language tends to differ most in generic

terminology, rather than in specific. When translating relatively specific words, it

is usually easier to find a close equivalent (Larson, 1984). This relates to the fact

that specific vocabulary has more exact equivalent in target language rather than

generic vocabulary does.

C. Sexual Terms

A term, defined in Terminology for Translators— an Implementation of ISO

12620 (2000), can have a range of related meanings depending on the area of

specialization. A term is also identified as technical word because the term can

only be used in certain field. Concerning sexual terms, Fromkin and Rodman in

Tatan Mutakin (2009), state:

“Words relating to sex, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a

large part of the set of the taboo words of many cultures. Some languages

have no native words to mean “sexual intercourse” but do borrow such

words from neighboring people. Other languages have many words for this

common and universal act, most of which are considered taboo.”

Newmark (1988) explains that a translator must be careful about translating

the terms directly into the TL, if they already exist but have quite different

functions in the TL culture. Thus, besides understanding translation theory and

technique, translator also has to know each culture (source language culture and

target language culture) so that translator can minimize the problem faced in

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D. Subtitle

Subtitle is a text of dialogue description written in television program or

movie that appears onscreen. Luyken et al as cited in Koolstra‟s (The Pros and

Cons of Dubbing and Subtitling) journal state that an advantage of subtitling is

that a subtitled program is more „real‟ and more closely resembles the original

program than a dubbed program, because actors, presenters, etc. are heard with

their own voices (1991).

Koolstra et al, in The Pros and Cons of Dubbing and Subtitling (2002) states

that the language used in subtitles is different from the language used in books:

subtitles comprise colloquial speech instead of written language. Language used

in subtitle is simpler than the language used in books because it usually contains

of daily utterance.

E. Translation Technique

Translation techniques, which are used to translate subtitle, have an effect

on the translation product in term of its quality. Molina and Albir (2002: 509)

permit that translation techniques are procedures to analyze and classify how

translation equivalence works.

There are techniques used by translator to translate source language into

target language. Translation scholars offer various translation techniques. They

can be applied individually or simultaneously to complement each other. There

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are some translations techniques according to the classified list of translation

techniques as defined:

1. Literal translation

Literal translation is applied to translate a word or an expression word for

word (Molina and Albir, 2002: 510). In other words, lexical words translated by

using word-to-word. While the structure of grammar and syntax adapted from the

structure of the source language into target language structure. That is as same as

what Wills (1977: 98) explains about this technique that emphasizes the change of

syntactic structure. He calls it as traduction litterale. It means the replacement of

SL syntactic structures, normally on the clause or sentence scale, by TL syntactic

structures which are isomorphic (or near isomorphic) concerning number and type

of speech and are synonymous in terms of content.

For example, cat is kucing in the Indonesian language and should not be

interpreted in more than a small-bodied four-legged animal, and is in a feline

family (Suryawinata, 2003: 40).

2. Adaptation

Adaptation is the replacement of a ST cultural element with one from the

target culture (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509). For example, as white as snow, is

translated into seputih kapas, not seputih salju because there is no snow in the

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3. Borrowing

Borrowing technique is a translation technique that take a word or

expression straight from another language. It can be pure (without any change) or

it can be naturalized (to to fit the spelling rules in the TL) (Molina and Albir,

2002: 510). It also called as emprunt thatis the carry-over of SL lexical lexemes

or lexeme combination into the TL normally without formal or semantic

modification (Wills, 1977: 97). Borrowing technique is applied because the

translator want to show respect for those words or because of TL does not have

the equivalence. There are two types of borrowing, as follow:

a. Transliteration or pure borrowing is a technique of translation that defends the

originality of target language words. For example, keyboard is still translated

directly into keyboard.

b. Naturalization is a translation technique, which the term is borrowed and

modified. For example, calculator is translated into kalkulator of which the

pronunciation and spelling have been modified.

4. Calque (loan translation)

It is applied to translate phrases or words from source language literally into

target language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 510). Wills (1981) offers more detail

about calque. It is loan translation (linear substitution) of morphologically

analyzable SL syntagms (primarily noun compounds and

adjective-noun-collocation) which are often accepted or at least tolerated by the TL community.

For example, interest rate is translated into tingkat suku bunga.

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5. Modulation

Modulation involves a shift in perspective and changes the semantics in the

TT, even though the basic meaning of the ST segment remains unchanged

(Munday, 2009: 208). Translator have to understand the source language text then

conveys the message contained in it by changing the angle of view of the phrase,

clause, or sentence so that the resulting translation will feel more natural than if it

is translated literally. It is applied to change the point of view, focus or cognitive

category in relation to the source language text (lexical or structural) (Molina and

Albir, 2002: 509-511). For example, I broke my leg is translated into Kakiku

patah, not Aku mematahkan kakiku.

6. Transposition

Transposition is applied to change a grammatical category (Molina and

Albir, 2002: 511). It is an option if it is done for only the reasons of style. It

renders an SL element by syntactico-syntagmatic structures, which have the same

meaning but do not correspond formally (because of the change in the class of

words used) (Wills, 1977: 98). For example, a verb in the target language text is

converted into a noun in the target language text.

7. Addition

This type of addition is not a matter of choice but a necessity (Suryawinata,

2003: 67). For example, the sentence Saya guru in Indonesian language as source

language will be translated as I am a teacher. The addition occurring in that

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differences in grammatical structure of the source language that requires the

presence of the word "am" and "a".

8. Subtraction or Omission or Deletion

Subtraction means a subtraction in the structural elements in the target

language. Similar to addition, subtraction is a necessity (Suryawinata, 2003: 68).

The subtraction here is the subtraction of the words in the target language. For

example, the sentence You should go home will be translated as Kamu harus

pulang. The word go is subtracted in target language. Translators can also

eliminate phrase, clause, or even a sentence that is considered unimportant.

However, if this is done, it may result the message within a text will not be

conveyed accurately.

9. Synonym

A synonym is only appropriate where literal translation is not possible and

because the word is not important enough for componential analysis (Newmark,

1988: 84). Synonymy is not only used in one common language, as it is often

found in Indonesian language, but it can also be applied in translating words from

one language into another language. A synonym is a word that has the same or

nearly the same meaning as another word in the language (Duran, 2006:156). For

example, the sentence What a cute baby you’ve got! that will be translated as

Alangkah lucunya bayi Anda! (Suryawinata, 2003: 73).

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commit to user 10. Description

Description is a translation technique that is aplied to replace a term or

expression with a description of its form or/ and function (Molina and Albir,

2002: 510). The translation explains the source language. For example, Academy

Award is translated into penghargaan film paling besar di Amerika.

11. Amplification

It is a translation technique, which makes explicit or paraphrase of implicit

information in source language. It provides implicit information, which is not in

the source text (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). It introduces details that are

not formulated in the source language. For example, Ramadan is translated into

Muslim month of fasting or bulanpuasa kaum muslim.

12. Compensation

It is used when something cannot be translated from source language into

target language, and the meaning that is lost in the translation is expressed

somewhere else in the target language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). For

example, the sentence Never did he visit his father is translated into Pria itu

sungguh tega tidak menemui ayahnya.

13. Discursive creation

It is a translation technique applied to establish a temporary equivalence that

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technique is applied in order to increase its attractiveness as well. For example,

Sophie Weston‟s novel entitled The Independent Bride that is translated into

Kekasih Pilihan.

14. Established Equivalent

It is to use a term or expression recognized as an equivalent in the target

language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). For example, ringtone is translated

into nada dering

15. Generalization

It is to use a more general or neutral term. It transfers subordinate term in

source language into super ordinate term in target language (Molina and Albir,

2002: 510). It is an opposite technique to particularization. For example, pen

(specific) which is translated into alat tulis (general).

16. Linguistic Amplification

It is applied by adding linguistic elements into the target language (Molina

and Albir, 2002: 509-511). This technique is commonly used in consecutive

interpreting or dubbing. For example, broken heart is translated into patah hati.

17. Linguistic Compression

It is a translation technique, which can be applied in simultaneous

interpreting or subtitling by synthesizing linguistic elements in the target language

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(Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). For example, Shut your mouth! is translated

into Diam!.

18. Particularization

It is applied to use a more precise or concrete term (Molina and Albir, 2002:

510). It translates super ordinate word in source language into subordinate word in

target language. It is in opposition to generalization. For example, padi, beras,

nasi are tranlated into rice .

19. Reduction

It is applied to suppress a source language information item in the target

language (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509-511). It is in opposition to amplification.

For example, Muslim month of fasting or bulan puasa kaum muslim is translated

into Ramadan.

20. Substitution

It is a translation technique which is applied by changing the elements of

linguistic and paralinguistic (intonations or signs) (Molina and Albir, 2002: 511).

For example, someone shows his two fingers (index finger and middle finger) to

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F. Translation Assessments

Larson (1984) proposes there are three conditions that have to be fulfilled to

make a good translation. Those three conditions are:

1. The translation has to apply target language form properly.

2. The translation has to communicate meaning as much as the source

language does in the same manner as meant by source language speaker to

target language speaker.

3. The translation has to preserve the dynamic of source text of which source

language speaker obtains the impression.

Nababan (1999) says that translation quality assessment is focused on three

main factors, they are:

1. The accuracy of transferring message

2. The accuracy of expressing the message in target language

3. The naturalness of translation

The explanation above covers all the measurement of translation quality;

they are accuracy, readability, and acceptability. These three features are

important throughout the translation, so the entire translation must be checked for

each one (Larson, 1984).

Accuracy is concerned with the equivalence and appropriation of a

translation in transferring message from source language into target language. In

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translation assessment, it is important to consider whether the contain of the

translation is accurate or not (Simatupang, 2000).

A good translation is a translation which can convey the message of source

text into target text with language form and style as same as target language

culture so that target readers will feel like reading an original text. Where it is

inaccurate, it is defective, either due to the translator‟s ignorance or due to

negligence, or because one or more of the factors is out of focus in relation to the

translator‟s intention (Newmark, 1991).

Toury (1997) states that acceptable translation is the one fulfilling the

requirement of „reading as an original‟ written in the TL and sound natural for the

target reader rather that of „reading as the original‟ in SL. An acceptable

translation is a translation that employs form and style language from target

language, and has diction commonly used and familiar in target language.

G. Summary

In Sacramento, the producer of a morning show Abby Richter (Katherine

Heigl) is a controller that has a checklist with items about the ideal man for her.

However, she cannot find any man that fulfills her prerequisites. Her show has

problems with the low ratings and the TV direction hires the cynical chauvinist

Mike Chadway (Gerard Butler) that hosts the popular and gross mannish show

"The Ugly Truth" about what men and women really want in a relationship. Abby

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neighbour, Colin, who fulfills her checklist; in return, she would support him in

the show. Abby dates Colin but when Mike is invited to participate in the Craig

Ferguson's Late Late Show in San Francisco, they get closer and fall in love for

each other.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Type and Design

This research is a descriptive qualitative research because the expected

outcome would not be in the form of numbers, but in the form of a description

quality of a translation product, especially in terms of acceptability and accuracy.

Although it used statistical data but this research was qualitative rather than

quantitative research because a descriptive research is a research of which the aim

is to describe something (Malhotra, 2007).

The results from a descriptive research cannot be used as a definitive answer

or to disprove a hypothesis but if the limitations are understood, they can still be a

useful tool in many areas of scientific research.

The design of this research was a case study. It is a study explores an issue

with detailed restrictions, has a depth of data collection, and includes various

sources of information (Moleong, 2000). It also could evolve according to the

situation on the field. This design was only used as an assumption for doing

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B. Data and Source of Data

One of the most important ideas in a research project was data and source of

data. Data are notes about the facts of the phenomenon or circumstance that are

observed or researched. While, source of data is someone or something that the

researcher can obtain information and data s/he needs then.

There are two types of source of data observed in this research, they are:

1. Document

The documents employed in this research are the VCD of movie The Ugly

Truth, script, and subtitle of the movie's dialogue. The script was found

from a web

http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/u/the-ugly-truth-script-transcript.html. Moreover, the subtitle was available in the movie

itself. From these documents, the sexual terms were collected.

2. Informants

There were three raters who are competent in the field of translation would

be asked their opinion about the quality of translations of sexual terms in the

movie The Ugly Truth in term of accuracy and acceptability. Their opinions

are noted in the form of questionnaires.

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C. Sampling Technique

Sampling is the technique of selecting one or more research subjects as a

representative of the population so that the resulting sample is a representative

population. Therefore, the data used in this research are informative and they

represent the population of the one taken in it. Population, as Zuriah (2007: 116)

explains, is all the data that concern researcher in a scope and time set.

Sampling technique is the way to select sample from population. The

selected data from population are known as sample. This research used total

sampling technique because the data were heterogenic and the researcher did not

take only one or some of the data to represent the population but the data taken

were the whole utterance containing sexual terms in the movie The Ugly Truth.

Each of data included in population could be called as element.

D. Method of Data Collection

Method of data collection is a procedure that the researcher accomplished in

gathering data for this research. During gathering the data, the researcher had to

do some methods.

According to Djoko Dwiyanto (2010), there are two techniques of data

collection; they are literature study and field study. Literature study is done by

reviewing the written data. Literature study conducted in this research was

reviewing script and subtitle of the movie The Ugly Truth. The researcher needed

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compared its utterance and context with the spoken dialogue in the movie. The

researcher selected all utterance containing sexual dialogue terms from the written

data of the movie script (source language) and subtitle (target language) then

make a note of the data.

In this study, data were collected by direct contact from researcher with the

ground situation. There were two ways taken to collect data, such as:

1. Observation

The data were examined by watching the whole movie from beginning to

end. This was done to determine and to get the point of its content story The Ugly

Truth and the context of each conversation that is used in this movie.

2. Questionnaire

This research used closed-ended questionnaire that encourage a simple

answer. The criteria of the raters involved in this research are as follows:

a. Raters agree to participate in this research.

b. Raters have a good ability in mastering source language (English) and target

language (Indonesian language).

c. Raters comprehend about translation theory and technique.

d. Raters have at least one professional experience in translation.

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In questionnaire, raters gave score for each data to find out the accuracy and

acceptability level of the sexual terms translation in form of scale determined as

follows:

Scale Description

3 Accurate

The sexual term translation is equal and appropriate. 2 Less accurate

The sexual term translation is not clear enough. 1 Inaccurate

The sexual term translation is not equal and not appropriate.

Scale Description

3 Acceptable

The sexual term translation is commonly utilized in target language. 2 Less acceptable

The sexual term translation is infrequently utilized in target language. 1 Unacceptable

The sexual term translation is certainly not utilized in target language.

E. Technique of Data Analysis

Data analyses in qualitative research were inductive and sustainable to

generate understanding and concept. After all the data containing sexual terms

were collected, they would be processed again with the following steps:

1. Classifying the data into smaller groups

The purpose of classifying the data into smaller groups is to make

researcher more easily in analyzing the data based on their function in sentences

that contain that term. After data classified, data were given data number. For

example, data number: 010/ TUT/ 00:37:52. It means that the datum is contained

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2. Adjusting the data with the context of conversation throughout the movie

The data were adjusted from source language and target language

one-by-one then each pair of data was adjusted again with the context of the conversation

in the movie The Ugly Truth.

3. Comparing data derived from the subtitle script contained in the movie The

Ugly Truth

After all the data adjusted with the context of the conversation, they were

compared to get assessments in terms of accuracy and acceptability.

4. Making questionnaire

Questionnaires were constructed and then they were given to the three

raters. In those questionnaires, number scales were created ranging from 3 to 1 to

facilitate the provision of value to the quality of translation of sexual terms in the

movie The Ugly Truth.

5. Counting and describing the result of the questionnaires

Once the questionnaires were completed giving score by the raters, the score

would be calculated to determine the percentage of translation quality of sexual

terms in the movie. Data were examined using Microsoft Office Excel 2007.

Afterward, the results of the translation quality assessment were analyzed and

described.

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F. Research Procedure

In this study, the researcher needed to do some procedures that consist of

systematically intellectual activities, among others:

1. Determining the topic and problem statements

Before the topic determined, source data were examined to find

phenomenon by researcher. After that, the topic was indentified to be examined

and then problem statements were made by the researcher.

2. Doing research literature

The theories and quotations were collected. They had to relate to the topic

of discussion and formulation of the problem for this research. The research

literature was obtained from some various books and journals related to the topic.

3. Collecting data

All data were collected from the sources then they were filtered again

become necessary data. The collected data must be also ensured that they were in

accordance with those of the source data. In this stage, it took a few systematic

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4. Analyzing data

After all the data of sexual terms were collected and obtained, they were

analyzed in terms of acceptability and accuracy from the raters’ questionnaires

results.

5. Making conclusions

Conclusions were made from the data analysis that had been done. The

conclusions were acquired from the answers of the problem statements that were

proposed by the researcher before.

6. Creating report

A report were made after the research finished. That report restrained of the

explanations about the processes and the results of the research. It was written by

using the adjusted applicable provisions.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

A.Introduction

In this chapter, researcher will analyze and discuss about her findings in this

research to answer the problem statements mentioned in the first chapter about the

translation techniques used by the translator and the translation quality assessment

(accuracy and acceptability) of sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly

Truth from English into Indonesian language.

B.Research Findings and Discussion

1. Classification of Sexual Terms

This chapter consists of the classification of sexual terms found in the movie

The Ugly Truth. There are eight classifications of sexual terms in the movie. The

first classification is sexual organs, the second classification is sexual activities,

the third classification is sexual orientation, the forth classification is sex

characters, the fifth classification is sexual attractions, the sixth classification is

sexual equipments, the seventh classification is sexual emotions, and the last

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1.1. Sexual Organs

A sex organ or primary sexual characteristic is any of the anatomical parts

of the body that are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the

reproductive system in a complex organism (http://en.wikipedia.org/

wiki/Sex_organ). There are twenty-seven sexual organs found in the movie.

Table 4.1 Sexual Organs in the movie The Ugly Truth

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1.2. Sexual Activities

It refers to activities associated with sexual intercourse

(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sexual+activity). Human sexual activities,

human sexual practices, or human sexual behavior refers to the manner in which

humans experience and express their sexuality. There are forty-seven sexual

activities found in the movie.

Table 4.2 Sexual Activities in the movie The Ugly Truth

No. SL Data Number

1. blowjob 007/ TUT/ 00:09:31

2. sexual-harassment 011/ TUT/ 00:13:38

3. sexually harassing 012/ TUT/ 00:13:38

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30. ass-grabbing 062/ TUT/ 00:38:24

31. turning on 063/ TUT/ 00:38:46

32. sex 068/ TUT/ 00:44:15

33. sex 069/ TUT/ 00:44:18

34. gangbang 070/ TUT/ 00:44:22

35. have sex 071/ TUT/ 00:45:49

36. masturbating 074/ TUT/ 00:46:43

37. flicking bean 075/ TUT/ 00:47:07

38. have sex 076/ TUT/ 00:47:18

39. oral sex 078/ TUT/ 00:50:29

40. oral sex 079/ TUT/ 00:50:32

41. slept 091/ TUT/ 00:59:06

42. sexually frustrated 095/ TUT/ 00:63:26

43. having sex 096/ TUT/ 00:64:06

Sexual orientation describes an enduring pattern of attraction – emotional,

romantic, sexual, or some combination of these – to the opposite sex, the same

sex, both, or neither, and the genders that accompany them

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation). There is one sexual orientation

found in the movie.

Table 4.3 Sexual Orientation in the movie The Ugly Truth

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1.4. Sex Characters

Sex characters are those characteristics (both anatomical and psycologycal)

that are strongly associated with one sex relative to the other

(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sex+character). There are eleven sex

characters found in the movie.

Table 4.4 Sex Characters in the movie The Ugly Truth

1. whores 010/ TUT/ 00:12:58

2. bitch 033/ TUT/ 00:33:33

3. bitch 034/ TUT/ 00:33:34

4. bitch 035/ TUT/ 00:33:35

5. stripper 055/ TUT/ 00:37:53

6. deviant 072/ TUT/ 00:46:01

7. deviant 073/ TUT/ 00:46:11

8. man-whore 080/ TUT/ 00:58:08

9. man-whore 081/ TUT/ 00:58:11

10. man-whores 082/ TUT/ 00:58:22

11. slut 092/ TUT/ 00:59:33

1.5. Sexual Attractions

Sexual attraction or sex appeal is atrraction based on sexual desire or the quality of arousing such interest. It may be to a person’s looks or movement or to

their voice or smell, besides other factors

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_attraction). There are three sexual attractions

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Table 4.5 Sexual Attraction in the movie The Ugly Truth

Sexual equipment refers to every tools which are involved to give seduction,

pleasure, and satisfaction in sexual activity. It is also called as sex toy which is an

object or device that is primarily used to facilitate human sexual pleasure

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_toy). The equipment can be wore (such as

underwear, bra, lingerie, bikini, etc) and can be used in sexual activity (such as

vibrator, dildo, etc). There are seven sexual equipments found in the movie.

Table 4.6 Sexual Equipments in the movie The Ugly Truth

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sexual_emotions). There are four sexual

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Table 4.7 Sexual Emotions in the movie The Ugly Truth

1. lust 036/ TUT/ 00:33:45

2. seduction 037/ TUT/ 00:33:45

3. lust 097/ TUT/ 01:05:11

4. passion 101/ TUT/ 01:24:13

1.8. Sexual Disease

It is most commonly caused by bacteria or virus that is transmitted through

sexual contact, or direct contact with any objects that contain a virus disease

(http://www.anneahira.com/penyakit-kelamin.htm). There are two sexual diseases

found in the movie.

Table 4.8 Sexual Diseases in the movie The Ugly Truth

1. syphilis 002/ TUT/ 00:02:56

2. syphilis 003/ TUT/ 00:02:58

2. The Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in The Translation of Sexual

Terms

From the analysis done by researcher, there are eight translation techniques

used by the translator to translate sexual terms in subtitle of the movie The Ugly

Truth from English into Indonesian language. Most of the techniques are used

because of the limitation of sexual terms in the target language. There are eight

techniques used by the translator to translate the sexual in the movie. They are

literal, adaptation, borrowing, calque, addition, subtraction or omission or

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2.1. Literal

This translation is almost the same as the word-to-word. Literal translation

is applied to translate a word or an expression word for word (Molina and Albir,

2002: 510).The difference is in the replacement of grammar structure of the

source language that is adjusted by the target language grammar structure. For

example:

1. Context : Abby emphasizes that she knows how to flirt.

SL : I know how to flirt.

TL : Aku tahu cara menggoda.

The sexual activity term flirt is translated into menggoda by literal

technique. It is considered equal because in TL the word menggoda is commonly

used. Based on Cambridge Online Dictionary, flirt is to behave as if sexually

attracted to someone, although not seriously (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

dictionary/british/flirt_1?q=flirt).

2. Context : Mike does not like Abby’s trick and tries to avoid it.

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TL : Aku tak akan katakan itu, dan aku juga tak akan memegang

bokong.

The sexual organ term ass is translated into bokong in Indonesian language.

The translation is easy to be understood by the target language readers. The term

ass is also usually translated into pantat. It refers to the fleshy part of the human

body that someone sits on (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ass).

Forty one sexual terms (40.20% of data) are translated by literal technique.

They consist of 16 sexual organs, 14 sexual activities, 2 sex characters, 3 sexual

attractions, 2 sexual equipments, and 4 sexual emotions.

TABLE 4.10 Literal Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms

Sexual Terms Data Number SL TL

Sexual Organs 001/ TUT/ 00:02:23 balls keberanian

(bola)

005/ TUT/ 00:09:21 tits Payudara

006/ TUT/ 00:09:22 ass bokongmu

031/ TUT/ 00:29:06 breast dada

032/ TUT/ 00:31:56 butt bokong

044/ TUT/ 00:35:41 breast dada

047/ TUT/ 00:36:01 boobies payudara

049/ TUT/ 00:36:20 ass bokong

065/ TUT/ 00:42:51 tits payudara

066/ TUT/ 00:43:07 crotch selakangan

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Sexual Activities 011/ TUT/ 00:13:38

sexual-harassment

pelecehan seksual

012/ TUT/ 00:13:44 sexually harassing

melecehkan

015/ TUT/ 00:17:44 hooking up berkencan

022/ TUT/ 00:18:45 kiss cium

023/ TUT/ 00:18:51 kiss cium

029/ TUT/ 00:28:45 naked telanjang

056/ TUT/ 00:38:01 sexually teasing menggoda secara seksual

057/ TUT/ 00:38:07 flirting menggoda

058/ TUT/ 00:38:08 flirt menggoda

063/ TUT/ 00:38:46 turning on bernafsu

091/ TUT/ 00:59:06 slept tidur

102/ TUT/ 01:26:19 fuck bercinta

Sex Characters 010/ TUT/ 00:12:58 whores pelacur

055/ TUT/ 00:37:53 stripper penari telanjang

Sexual Attractions 024/ TUT/ 00: 21:06 hot seksi

025/ TUT/ 00:21:14 hot seksi

083/ TUT/ 00:58:33 slutty seronok

Sexual Equipments 004/ TUT/ 00:09:10 lingerie pakaian dalam

077/ TUT/ 00:47:58 brief celana dalam

Sexual Emotions 036/ TUT/ 00:33:45 lust nafsu

037/ TUT/ 00:33:46 seduction godaan

098/ TUT/ 01:05:11 lust nafsu

101/ TUT/ 01:24:13 passion nafsu

2.2. Adaptation

Adaptation is a translation technique that replaces the cultural element of a

source langauge with another that is appropriate with the target language.

Adaptation is the replacement of a ST cultural element with one from the target

culture (Molina and Albir, 2002: 509). In this movie, the adaptation technique is

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1. Context : On the set, Mike to Georgia. He tries to reveal Georgia and Larry’s house hold.

SL : I mean, sure, you could dump his ass but, honey, have you

seen the eligible men in Sacramento? Oh, God.

TL : Ia bisa kau depak. Tapi apa di Sacramento ini ada pria yang

memenuhi syarat? Astaga.

The idiom above dump his ass is translated into kau depak because in the

target language the target readers accept the translated idiom. The meaning of the

idioms is to not appear (http://www.americanidioms.net/dumb-ass).

2. Context : Abby and Mike walk down the street. Mike gives suggestion

to Abby.

SL : When we ask you how you’re doing, it’s guy code for: "Let

me stickmy dickinyour ass."

TL : Saat kami bertanya “apa kabarmu”, itu cuma kode untuk

berhubungan seks.

The idiom let me stick my dick in your ass has berhubungan seks as its

equivalence in Indonesian language. The equivalence is considered as accepted

and easy to be understood by target readers. It is also considered more polite

rather than if it is literally translated. The meaning of the idiom is sexual

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3. Context : Mike throws her a look. Abby catches on. He explains to

Abby and makes her confidence turn up.

Three sexual activity terms (2.94%) are translated by adaptation technique.

TABLE 4.11 Adaptation Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms

Sexual Activities 021/ TUT/ 00:18:06 dump-ass depak

051/ TUT/ 00:36:40 stick my dick in your ass

berhubungan seks

075/ TUT/ 00:47:07 flicking your

bean

masturbasi

2.3. Borrowing

Borrowing technique is a translation technique that take a word or

expression straight from another language. It can be pure (without any change) or

it can be naturalized (to to fit the spelling rules in the TL) (Molina and Albir,

2002: 510). It is usually performed because of the limited terms owned by the

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a. Pure borrowing

Transliteration or pure borrowing is a technique of translation that defends

the originality of target language words. For examples:

1. Context : Mike Chadway, in his TV program namely The Ugly Truth, answers Abby’s phone call.

SL : You're a lesbian.

TL : Kau lesbian.

The word lesbian is translated the same as lesbian. The source language

word is borrowed exactly the same withouth changing its structure. Only the

pronounciation is adjusted with the target language vowel, from /฀ lɛzbɪən/ into

/lésbian/. The word may be used as a noun, to refer to women who identify

themselves or who are characterized by others as having the primary attribute of

female homosexuality (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian). Otherwise, it is an

adjective, to describe characteristics of an object or activity related to female

same-sex desire. The word also sounds familiar among the target readers.

2. Context : Mike holds two sexy girls in his arms while entering studio’s

door.

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commit to user TL : Aku mencium threesome.

The word threesome is borrowed precisely from source language into target

language. It does not change any of its structure or pronunciation. The word

threesome refers to an occasion on which three people engage in sexual activity

together (http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/threesome?q=threesome).

Nine sexual terms (8.82%) are translated by applying pure borrowing

technique. They consist of 4 sexual organs, 1 sexual activity, 1 sexual orientation,

and 3 sexual equipments.

TABLE 4.12 Pure Borrowing Techniques Used to Translate Sexual Terms

Sexual Organs 013/ TUT/ 00:15:12 vagina vagina

046/ TUT/ 00:35:11 vagina vagina

093/ TUT/ 01:02:10 penis penis

094/ TUT/ 00:62:58 penis penis

Sexual Activity 028/ TUT/ 00:28:15 threesome threesome

Sexual Orientation 008/ TUT/ 00:10:38 lesbian lesbian

Sexual Equipments 043/ TUT/ 00:35:41 bras bra

045/ TUT/ 00:35:58 bra bra

088/ TUT/ 00:58:58 vibrator vibrator

b. Naturalization

Naturalization borrowing is a tranlation technique of which the term is

borrowed and modified. For examples:

1. Context : Mike Chadway explains in Larry and Georgia’s TV program

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SL : It's about social pressure,status and sex. If it weren't for these

three things,men and women wouldn't even speak.

TL : Itu hanya soal tekanan sosial, status, dan seks. Jika bukan

karena hal ini, pria dan wanita tak akan bicara.

The word sex is borrowed by the target language, and then the spell is

adjusted into seks in Indonesian language. The changing does not have any deal

with the meaning and the pronunciation. The word sex refers to the property or

quality by which organisms are classified as female or male on the basis of their

reproductive organs and functions (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sex)

2. Context : In the control room, Abby looks like she’s going to pass out.

SL : She just said "erection" on television.

TL : Dia baru saja bilang „ereksi‟ di televisi.

The word erection is translated as ereksi. The spelling of the word changed

from the source language into the target language. In the Indonesian language,

words in foreign languages that have the suffix -ion will be replaced by the suffix

-si. For examples; erosion will be translated into the word erosi, navigation will

AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SEXUAL TERMS IN THE MOVIE “THE UGLY TRUTH”