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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Detective Novel
Bonn, Julien D. (2010:42) detective story have six elements, such as solution of mystery, solving mystery, incompetent or ineffectual police, a susfect who appears guilty at first but is later proved innocent, detective’s friend or confidant, and often the narrator whose slowness in interpreting clues emphasizes by contrast the detective’s brilliance.
2.2 Intrinsic Approach
The intrinsic approach was originally written by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in their book “Theory of Literature”. Rene Wellek introduced his intrinsic approach, which essentially is a study of literary work based on analyzing the internal elements that build that work. According to Wellek (1962:332) The natural of sensible starting point for work in literary scholarsip is the interpretation and analysis of the works of literary themselves. After all, only the works themselves justify all our interest in the life of an author, in his social environment, and the whole process of literature. Wellek’s opinion is that the study of literature naturally needs to be started from the analysis of the literary work itself because then it would enable us to identify he many aspects that built that work. Wellek further explained by introducing elements that from the foundation of aliterary work, plot, setting, theme, character, point of view, and style. By analyzing these elements, a student could comprehend the work by figuring out how the story flows, where the story is set, how the characters act and
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think. Interinsic approach applied by the writer in order to show the elements of the novel. Part of elements of the prose are characters, plot, setting, theme, and point of view. This research uses those elements of prese because those elements are related. Wellek and Warren (1997:139) in their book “Theory of Literature” said that intrinsic approach are being introduced based on a survey of the wider range of forms in modern literature. They also stated that the main part of intrinsic approach is based on the text of literary works itself by doing an interpretation and analysis of it (1997:139). Wellek and Warren describe three views of biographical approach, of which only one the biographical aspects relating to the production of a work. According to Wallek and Warren, works may indeed reflect the authors experiences, but they must also reflect an author’s hopes and dreams, or literary tradition and convention and not a document for biography.
Romantic flow is the flow that can only change the system of Neo-Classical critical with pressing arguments relativism. Other times require other standards as well. Old methods such as classical rhetoric, poetika, and the dimensions must be learned again and again translated in modern terms.
In the 19th century, explanations to literature by examining its origins, very popular. This tendency is actually also an attempt to imitate the methods of the natural sciences. Lee concluded Sir.Sidney academic literary theory approach that era so. Literary history search for external background, political background, social, economic, and literary places were made. New methods based on a survey of modern literary forms have been widely introduced. In France there is a method explacation de textes. In Germany developed the study of literature. In England
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followers I.A. Richard began deciding attention to the text and the poetry critic in America group began trying to restore a major concern in the study of literature. Numerous studies drama drama suppress differences and life. Many novel studies not only see the connection works with the social structure, but studying the artistic method. For example, the events in the novel is a part of the content. But the way; events are structured plot that is part of the form. The German researchers trying to find a way out. Actually we only need menagakui, that means the preparation of the events in the novel are part of the grooves form. Traditional concept of distinguishing form and content are increasingly visible weakness when we realize that language is part of the form consists of two terms. The conclusion of the intrinsic approach by Wallek and Warren is the approach the data from the text itself. This study used in France.
2.3 Descriptive Research
According to John W. Best (1982:42) in his books “Methodology of Educational Research” said that there are three types of analysis that can be used to classify educational research is historical research, description research, and experimental research.
The first is historical research. Historical research is research that applies the scientific method of solving a problem from a historical perspective. Collection and interpretation process that occurred in the past, the present, the future also.
The second is a descriptive research. Descriptive research is to describe the research indicated that there are phenomena, which take place on the current
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or past. This study was able to describe a situation alone, but can also describe a state in its development stages.
The third is experimental research. Experimental research is the only research that can test hypotheses to establish causal relationships. This is the strongest chain of reasoning about relationships between variables.
Based on the above conclusions, the authors choose a descriptive study because the author describes in detail the six elements of detective novels.
