REGISTER USED BY CHARACTERS IN SHOOTER MOVIE
THESIS
Submitted as partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department, Faculty of letter and Humanities,
State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya
By:
NOVATUL FADHILAH Reg. Number. A03211027
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to my parents and my great family who have supported me from beginning of my studies until now.
ABSTRACT
Fadhilah, Nova. 2015. Register used by characters in “shooter” movie. Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Key Words: Register, shooter movie.
ABSTRAK
Fadhilah, Nova. 2015. “Register yang digunakan oleh karakter-karakter di film shooter”. Skripsi. Program studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Seni dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Kata Kunci: Register, film Shooter.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER i
INSIDE COVER PAGE ii
DECLARATION……… iii
DEDICATION……… iv
APPROVAL SHEET……… v
EXAMINER SHEET………. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……… vii
MOTTO………. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT……… x
ABSTRACT………... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study……… 1
1.2 Research Problems……… 4
1.3 Research Purposes... 4
1.4 Significance of Study……… 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation……… 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms………... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATUE REVIEW 2.1 Language Variety……… 8
2.3 The Categories of Register……… 10
2.4 Part of Speech……… 12
2.5 Meaning………. 15
2.6 Previous Study……… 18
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY 3.1 Research Method……… 20
3.2 Data and Data Sources………... 20
3.3 Research Instrument……….. 21
3.4 Research Subject……… 21
3.5 Data Collection……….. 21
3.6 Data Analysis………. 22
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Finding……… 24
4.2 Discussion……….. 40
4.2.1 Register Used by Character in shooter movie………. 40
4.2.2 The Meaning of Register Used by Character in the Movie………. 41
4.2.3 The Categories of Register Used by Character in the Movie…….. 42
4.2.3.1 Field………. 43
4.2.3.2 Tenor………... 44
4.2.3.3 Mode……… 49
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5.2 Suggestion……….. 52
REFERENCES……….. 53
APPENDIXES
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Different society may have different language use. In society, there are
many varieties of language used by speaker in their community or social
group. Language variety is a form that differs from other forms of the
language systematically. Variety is therefore a broad term, which includes
different accent, different linguistic style, different dialect, and even different
language, which contrast with each other in social reason (Holmes, 1992).
Language variety can be caused by some factors such as social status, age,
job or environment. For those factors we can see that different social status
has different language using. Language used by upper class is different from
those used by lower class. We are also aware of the fact that people who live
in the same region, but differ in their social status, education and economic
status, speak quite different ways. Then, different age has different language
using, for example the children have different pronunciation or unperfected
grammatical rule because they are still in learning or in a process of language
acquisition. It is different from adult because they acquired the language
(Yule, 2006).
In addition, there are many kinds of people with having different social
2
Each of these differences will influence their language used to
communication. Every occupation has different language which is used in
their group to shows their identity, called register. Wardhaugh stated registers
are sets of language items associated with different occupational or social
groups such as surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, sales clerks, jazz fans,
and computer community (Wardhaugh, 2006). Register is variety of language
used to specific purpose. Register is sets of vocabulary items that are used by
an individual or a group or community in certain matter and specific purpose.
It supported by Halliday register is variety defined by reference to the social
context. It means register has a strong relationship with the social context in
particular society (Fishman, 1972).
As Ferguson stated that people participating in recurrent communication
situations tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar features of intonation,
and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology that they use in these
situations (Ferguson, 1994). It means that Register is a variant of language that
is used in the particular jobs or communities to describe the specific
vocabulary associated with different occupational groups and usually cannot
be understood by other people or other groups of community. It could be
described as an occupational style. Register helps people to express their
identity at a specific time or place and how they seek to present their self to
others. Different social interaction also becomes the factor of the different
register in using language. Such as the different language which is used by
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language which is used by photographer community. They seem to have
different register in their communication.
In this study, the writer wants to analyze some registers found in the movie
used by characters to communicate in their community. The writer analyzes
about “The Register Used by Characters in Shooter Movie”, the writer chooses this movie because the language used by characters is interesting to
analyze and there are many register used by characters. There are many
register use by them in their community. They show their identity with their
language. That register as marker identity in Shooter community and they use
their register to reinforce their identity as army. John said that the importance
of language as an identity marker at group level is much more readily evident
that everyone is used to accent, dialect and language variation that reveal
speaker’s memberships in particular speech communities social classes, ethnic
ad national group (John, 2009).
In addition, in this movie there are new vocabularies that we do not know
the meaning are. The data are taken from shooter movie. Moreover, I believe
that there are many registers can be found in this movie used by the characters.
The characters of Shooter movie create a communication among his
partnership and his captain during doing their job. The communication that
they are talking about relates to their job as army in United State. They use
term to make their job easily done. The terms are not easily understood by
4
languages used by characters in Shooter movie are: TS-129, 15, yellow
ribbons, and 900.
This study will be analyzed in sociolinguistics framework using register
theory by Wardhaugh. Through this research, the writer tries to understand the
registers which are used by characters in his community. To collect the data,
the writer uses the internet to get the sub-scene of the Shooter movie to make
job easily done.
1.2 Research Problems
Based on the background of study, the statement of the problem in this
study are as follows:
1. What are registers used by the characters in Shooter movie?
2. What are the meaning of those register used by characters in the
movie?
3. What are the categories of register used by characters in the movie?
1.3 Research Purposes
Regarding the outline of question above, the writer can construct the aims
below:
1. To find out registers used by the characters in Shooter movie.
2. To know the meaning of those register used by characters in the
movie.
3. To identify the categories of register used by characters in the
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1.4 Significance of Study
From this study the writer can increase her knowledge and apply her
understanding about register in Shooter movie. This study give practical
contribution for the linguistic lecturers to be a source in teaching about
language variety especially about register, they can use this research as the
example how register used by characters in “Shooter” movie. They also can
know register used by characters in the movie.
It is hoped that this study can be a valuable reference for linguistic
students of university who learn more about register and it is hoped that the
result of this research can give information about Wardhaugh theory of
register especially when they are studying about language variety. Practically,
they can learn about how register used by characters in the movie, if the writer
does not discuss it, most of people does not know register used by them. In
addition, this research is hoped to be able to give foundation for future
research who are interested in register to be analyzed deeper.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study focuses on register used by characters in “Shooter”
movie. Although there are many objects in the language variety, the writer
limits her discussion the used of register which get from the utterances that
used by characters in doing their job.
However the writer chooses Bob Lee Swagger, Nick Memphis, Colonel
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FBI Director Brandt as her limit characters. Due to their dominance in using in
unique words or register in the movie. In this case, the writer only focused on
chosen seven subject conversation in shooter movie.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misinterpretation about the use of terms; it is important for
the writer to give the suitable meaning of the key terms. Some terms are
defined as follows:
1. Register:
Wardhaugh stated registers are sets of language items associated with different occupational or social groups such as surgeons, airline pilots,
bank managers, sales clerks, jazz fans, and computer community
(Wardhaugh, 2006).
2. A Shooter movie:
Shooter is a 2007 American conspiracy action thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua. The film concerns a former U.S Marine Scout Sniper,
Characters written in this synopsis is the dominant characters use register
in Shooter movie. Then this is the synopsis of Shooter movie. A murder
of secret mission in Ethiopia involving two best friends they are Bob Lee
swagger (as a shooter) and Donnie Fenn. Both of them have a great
shooting ability. They can kill from distance with a single gunshot right on
the target’s head. In fact, Bob must accept that he and Donnie are
sacrificed in that mission. Donnie was shot by his enemy, while Bob
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In the next day Colonel Isaac Johnson went to bob. Johnson asked
for help to kill his president. Bob did not realize what he had done became
boomerang for himself. The action of shooting still going on, the goal is
not the president but the Archbishop of Ethiopia. Archbishop died at that
time. He met with Nicholas Memphis one of the FBI agents who were on
duty. Bob stole his car and he run away from that area. Meanwhile, Nic get
a warning from center because he allowed Bob with his car. Bob knew that
Nic was in difficult position. Johnson’s subordinates were kidnap and
torture Nic. In addition, Bob came to save Nic and finally Bob and Nic
united to fight Johnson.
1
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Theoretical Framework
2.1.1 Language Variety
There are many languages in the world. There can also be many languages
used in a country. Every language is different each other. It could be different
pronunciation, grammar, dialect, style and etc. Language variety is a form that
differs from other form of the language systematically. Variety is a broad term
which includes different accents, different linguistic styles, different dialects
and even different languages which contrast each other for social reason
(Holmes, 1992)
From those terms that language variety has different form from other.
Every community has different way of using language in their society. It could
distinguish between the varieties of language or give the identity of the
language and the user.
Moreover, language variation is determined by some factors, such as age,
place, sex and situation. For the first factor, that different age has different
language using, for example the children have different pronunciation or
unperfected grammatical rule because they are still in learning or in a process
of language acquisition. It is different from adult because they acquired the
language. The second factor is place, it emerges regional dialect. For example,
2
people who settled in North American in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, because they came from different parts of England, these early
settlers already spoke different dialects of English. The third factor is sex;
male and female have different language. For example, male uses more swear
words than female. The fourth factor is situation. It differentiates formal and
informal situation. For example, when the situation is formal such as at office
or school, people use formal language but when informal language uses in
informal situation such as at home or a meeting with friends.
Then the writer makes the conclusion that language variety occurs because
of social variation and variety of language function.
2.1.2 Register
The members of the society have different background and activities; there
are also have different languages. Register refers to properties within a
language variety that associates language with a given situation. Trudgill
defines that register is a language variety that is shaped by the work
environment (Trudgill, 1974). Then Wardhaugh stated Registers are sets of
vocabulary items associated with discrete occupational or social group.
Surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, sales clerks, jazz fans, and pimps
employ different registers (Wardhaugh, 2006). It means register occurs in any
situation involving members of particular profession or occupation.
Register is variety of language used for specific purpose. Register is sets
3
certain matter and specific purpose (Fishman, 1972). Halliday stated register
is variety defined by reference to the social context. It means register has a
strong relationship with the social context in particular society.
People participating in recurrent communication situations tend to develop
similar vocabularies, similar features of intonation, and characteristic bits of
syntax and phonology that they use in these situations (Ferguson, 1994). It
means that Register is a variant of language that is used in the particular jobs
or communities to describe the specific vocabulary associated with different
occupational groups and usually cannot be understood by other people or other
groups of community. It could be described as an occupational style. Register
helps them to express their identity at a specific time or place and how they
seek to present their self to others. Different social interaction also becomes
the factor of the different register in using language.
2.1.3 The Categories of Register
The linguist Michael Halliday divides these variables into three categories:
1. Field: what language is being used to talk about and the setting in
which communication takes place.
The field includes: the topic and the interactants (person or thing that
interact).
a) The topic of discourse can be:
Specialized/ technical (e.g. talking about the environment etc.)
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b) The interactants (person or thing that interact) may have:
specialized knowledge of the field (e.g. a scientist writing for an article for an academic journal)
Common knowledge of the field (e.g. the readers of a newspaper
article).
The field determines the use of specialized language, for
example whether technical terms or everyday terms are used. It is
of course always important for a writer to think about his/ her
audience (who he/ she is writing for), which may be specialist or
wide-public.
2. Tenor of discourse: refer to who is taking part, the role relationships
between the speaker and addressee.
The relationship between the speaker and addressee varies according
to:
status (ranging from unequal as in the case of a boss to employee
and equal as friend to friend)
affective involvement (ranging from high as with
friends/family members or with business clients)
Contact (ranging from frequent as people who frequently meet you
and occasional as people who rarely meet you).
The relationship between the speaker and addressee influences the
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3. Mode of discourse: the role language is playing in the interaction
a) Language can be:
Written (letter, email)
Spoken (speech and conversation)
Written to be spoken (e.g. a political speech).
Spoken to be written ( recording script in subtitling)
b) Language can be:
Spontaneous (e.g. conversation)
Planned (e.g. a composition or article).
c) The level of instructiveness of language varies. There can be the
possibility of having:
Immediate feedback (e.g. conversation)
Rapid feedback (e.g. emails)
Delayed feedback (e.g. letters). (Danzil,2015)
2.1.4 Part of Speech
The writer includes part of speech in her theoretical framework because
register used by character in Shooter movie classified into several kinds of
part of speech, there are many various vocabularies can be classified into it.
Verspoor, Marjoljn and Kim Sauter classified into eight of part of speech, they
are:
1. Nouns.
think, believe and so on that may I take place or occur over time.
For example:
a. Students walk to beautiful garden
b. They think about the creation of our God.
3. Adjectives
Adjectives are words that modify a noun.
For example:
a. A handsome boy,
b. A busy street
c. Strong women.
4. Adverbs
Adverbs are words used to refer to verb, adjectives; the typical adverbs
are words like here, home, there and yesterday expressing where or when
an event or situation is taking place. Also question words them like
where, when and how are adverbs called interrogative adverbs.
For example:
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b. He writes well and
c. How does he write?
5. Pronouns
Pronouns are words used in place of noun phrase: his, hers, we, and you.
For example:
a. His book cost more than hers,
b. We talk to you.
6. Prepositions
Prepositions are word placed before noun and pronoun to indicate the
relationship of two part of sentence. For example: in, on, at, about, with,
of, to, by, beside, before and after.
For example:
a. The boy in the room running in a circle was crazy about the fact that
his dog had barked at his cat.
7. Conjunctions.
Conjunctions are word used to make connection and indicate relationship
one sentence to the next sentence: or, but, and, because.
For example:
a. John or Mary is leaving now.
8. Articles
Articles are word used with nouns to form noun phrases classifying those
things: a, an, the.
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a. I want to eat an apple, she buy a book in book’s store (Verspoor,
Marjoljn and Kim Sauter, 2000).
2.1.5 Meaning
In linguistics, meaning is what the source or sender expresses,
communicates or conveys in their message to the observer or reciever, and
what the receiver infers from the current context. Semantic is the study of how
meaning is conveyed through signs and language. Ferdinand Mongin De
Saussure described language in term of signs. Sign is the combination of a
signifieds and a signifiers. The signifier is the sound of the linguistic object.
While the signified is the image associated with the sound. For example, we
hear symbol “cat” that we have some kind of image about cat (the animal that
has four feed, it has long and sometimes short tile, it can be as a friend for the
human, it like fish and so on). Then the sign is essentially the relationship
between the two. The bond between the signifier and signified is arbitrary.
There is no manual book in which signifier and signified go together. It means
that there is no logical relation between a particular sound image and concept.
An example of this is the fact that there are different words in different
language for the same thing. Dog is “dog” in English, “Perro” in Spanish,
“Chien” in Frech, and “Hund” in German (Palmer, 1976).
Hurford state meaning can be divided into two parts, literal and non-literal
meaning. Literal meaning which evokes two main ideas, first, that the
9
occasion of use. Second, the meaning of a composite expression is essentially
compositional. Literal meaning shows a meaning as it is written in a language.
For example, in the sentence “I am hungry”, it can be understood well directly
that the speaker was hungry (Hurford, 2007).
Then, Saeed state that non literal meaning shows a mean indirectly. For
example, in the sentence “I could eat a horse”, it does not mean that the
speaker would really eat a horse. It means that the speaker were really in
hunger (Saeed, 2003). Non literal uses of language are traditionally called
figurative and are described by a host of rhetorical term including metaphor,
irony, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole and litotes. Here the explanation,
a. Metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else, or it’s a
comparison made between things which are essentially not alike. A
metaphor does not use a connecting word such as “like” and “as”. For
example the teacher is a hero without badge.
b. Metonymy is a kind of non-literal language in which one entity is used
to refer to another entity that is associated with it in some way. In other
words, metonymic concepts allow us to conceptualize one thing by
means of its relation to something else. For example: John asks Aqua
to his mother because he is thirty. Aqua means water
c. Hyperbole is a figure of speech which employs exaggeration.
Hyperbole differs from exaggeration in that it is extreme or excessive.
It can produce a very dramatic effect. Hyperbole is an expression of
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figure of speech is used by the poet to exaggerate something.
Exaggeration of the description of what we see and feel followed by
emotion, so the users of language do not satisfy that they express only
what we can say but it is added by other words to show their
expression more attractive. In fact, we can prove the truth because the
truth sometimes is an opposite expression. Sometimes hyperbole is
called overstatement. For example I have told him a thousand times, he
state his 10.000 promises.
d. Irony is the meaning implied by a sentence or word meaning. For
example ‘I am happy today. It is useful day”. The sentence on the
surface conveys that the speaker is happy with his useful day but
actually what he means is that he is extremely unhappy with their
useful day.
e. Synecdoche is a literary device in which a part of something represents
the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. It may also call a
thing by the name of the material it is made of or it may refer to a thing
in a container or packing by the name of that container or packing. For
example the word “sails” refers to a whole ship.
f. Litotes is a figure of speech which employs an understatement by
using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is
expressed by negating its opposite expressions. For example “she is
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The writer includes kinds of figurative in her theoretical framework
because register used by characters in Shooter movie have non literal
meaning that other people outside this group do not know the meaning are.
2.1.6 Previous Study
There are some studies which had been conducted regarding the register.
These previous studies have relevant with this study.
Abdi Muflih Dzaky from English Department of Language and Literature,
Faculty of Cultural studies Brawijaya University Surabaya in 2014. He has
conducted sociolinguistic about register used by Nol Derajat Film community
in the process of making reflection movie. The result of this study revealed
that there were 20 registers used in the process of making movie. They are
action, bocor, camera, choose, clipper, cut, detail, focus, freeze, in-frame,
lighting, long shot, noise, reflector, rolling, scene, shot, sound, take and talent.
All those registers have 2 different meanings namely literal meaning and
register meaning.
Yetty Faridatul Ulfah from faculty of letters and fine arts Sebelas Maret
University Surakarta in 2010. She has conducted sociolinguistic study about
register analysis in English movie advertisements of
www.21-CINEPLEX.COM. This study used descriptive research and a purposive
sampling technique was employed in the research. The results also give
evidences that language varieties consist of formal and informal styles. In
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advertisement text employed the simplex sentence structure. In addition there
were 9 kinds of figures of speech. Those are hyperbole, synecdoche,
metonymy, personification, simile, climax, paradox, repetition and
parallelism. The most dominant was hyperbole.
Fajar Herviyati from Faculty of arts and humanties, State Institute of
Islamic Studies Sunan Ampel Surabaya in 2014. She investigated register
used by business community in William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of
Venice. This study focused on the register used in business communication,
especially the vocabulary used in the specific community and also the factor
and the purposes of register. The analysis used descriptive method to find out
the register included in.
These studies have analyzed language variety of register, related with the
previous study more researcher analyze the register in the movie so the writer
want analyze about register used by characters in Shooter movie. This study
focused on the register used in shooter community. The analysis used
qualitative method to find out the register. Then the register will be classified
into several parts of speech. The difference of this thesis with three of
previous study above is located in the difference of the data used. I take this
research because there is no one person analyzes register used by shooter
community. It can contribute new knowledge about what register used in
shooter movie. In this movie there are new vocabularies that we do not know
1
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY
1.1 Research Method
In this study, the writer used qualitative method because it analyzed the
data descriptively based on Wardhaugh theory of register. Then, Ahmadi, state
that qualitative approach is research procedure which produces descriptive
data: speech or writing and behavior that can be observed from the subject
itself (Ahmadi, 2005). The data of this study consisted of the form of words or
phrases and not in number form. This research concerned with register used by
characters in Shooter movie. The writer described of what she has watched
related to the use of register in Shooter movie. Qualitative did by found out
the register in the movie based on Wardhaugh theory, why the character in the
movie used register and continued with general conclusion. The analyses were
in forms of an explanation or description not in the statistic data.
1.2 Data and Data Sources
The data of this study were focused on the unique words as the
representative of register spoken by characters in shooter movie. The data
source taken from shooter movie, it was downloaded from website of free
2
1.3 Research Instrument
In qualitative research, the writer herself was the primary instrument for
gathering and analyzing data because who actively and directly participates in
data collection and data analysis. In collecting the data the writer also used
script of shooter movie to make easily.
1.4 Research Subject
There are forty three characters in Shooter movie. The writer chose Bob
Lee Swagger, Nick Memphis, Colonel Isaac Johnson, Senator Charles F.
Meachum, Donnie Fenn, Senior Agent, and FBI Director Brandt as her
subject. Due to their dominance in using in unique words or register in the
movie. In this case, the writer only focused on chosen seven subject
conversation in shooter movie.
1.5 Data Collection
The writer collected the data of register used by characters in Shooter
movie, the following steps would do.
1. The writer watched this movie from the beginning up to the end to
understand the whole story of this movie
2. The writer used internet to get the script of the shooter movie to make
easily done. I got the script of shooter movie
http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_script/a2/shooter-scrip-transcript.html
3. The writer watched three times of this movie. The first, the writer only
3
watched and chose the characters that used register. And the third, the
writer looked at to the script of the movie to crosscheck with the text
provided in the movie to get accurate data.
4. The writer found and collected the data by coding the conversation uttered
by characters in the script of shooter movie.
1.6 Data Analysis
In analyzing register used by characters in Shooter movie, the writer took
some steps.
1. The writer classified the register into part of speech and meaning. Then
collected in the table below. For example:
4
2. The writer interpreted the meaning of those register
3. The writer identified and explain the three categories of register
4. The writer concluded the result of the data analysis to answer the statement
1
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is presents the answered section of the statement of problem
in this research. The writer finds the register used by characters in Shooter movie.
Then analyzes the data based on Wardhaugh and Halliday’s theory about the use
of register and the categories of register especially in Shooter community. After
finding the register the writer tries to know the meaning of those register and
classified into parts of speech. Then the writer identifies the categories of register
used by characters in the movie.
The writer presents the data which is taken from Shooter movie. Then
identified the data, the data will show the new vocabularies which are considered
as the register used by characters in Shooter movie. In this movie the writer finds
21 unique vocabularies. Moreover, the writer explains the register found there;
explain the meaning (literal or non – literal meaning) after that classified into parts
of speech with the further explanation in order to get the data accurately, and
explain the categories of register
Then, the result of register is stated in 21 unique vocabularies. Then those
unique vocabularies are classified into parts of speech form and explain in its
2
1.1 Register Used by Characters in Shooter Movie
In this discussion the writer uses Wardhaugh theory, registers are sets of
language items associated with different occupational or social groups such as
surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, sales clerks, jazz fans, and computer
community (Wardhaugh, 2006). It means register is variant of language used in
the particular jobs as communities to describe the specific vocabulary associated
with different occupational groups or social group. The writer found the answer of
the first statement of problem in this study, there are 21 registers used by
characters in Shooter movie.
Those register had the meaning which related to shooter community.
Shooter community is a community of army in United State which consists of
people who have great shooting ability. In shooter movie, the characters show
their identity with their language. That language or register as marker identity.
They use their register to reinforce their identity as army. John said that the
importance of language as an identity marker at group level is much more readily
evident that everyone is used to accent, dialect and language variation that reveal
speaker’s memberships in particular speech communities social classes, ethnic ad
national group (John, 2009).
The characters of shooter movie create a communication among his
partnership and his captain during doing their job. The communication that they
are talking about relates to their job as army in United State. In this movie, the
writer finds 21 new vocabularies. A kind of register which is appearing in the
3
communication by characters in Shooter movie. The registers are: T-129, Viper,
CP, Sector Bravo, 675, 920, Three-quarter value, Coriolis effect, Static, 44
magnum, Yellow ribbons, 17, 15, 419, Condor two, Ballistic, 22, 15-foot,
perimeter, 732, 643, Plutonium, and Osmotic.
4.1.2 The Meaning of Register Used by Characters in Shooter Movie
In the second of statement of problem, the characters of shooter movie use
technical term to make their job easily done. The terms are not easily understood
by people outside this group except United States army. All of register used by the
characters in the movie had meaning. Meaning divided into two, they are literal
and non-literal meaning. Literal meaning shows a meaning as it is written in a
language. For example, in the sentence “I am hungry”, it can be understood well
directly that the speaker was hungry.
While Saeed state that non literal meaning shows a mean indirectly. For
example, in the sentence “I could eat a horse”, it does not mean that the speaker
would really eat a horse. It means that the speaker were really in hunger. Non
literal uses of language are traditionally called figurative and are described by a
host of rhetorical term including metaphor, irony, metonymy, synecdoche,
hyperbole and litotes (Saeed, 2003). After knowing each meaning of those
register, the writer will classify into parts of speech. Part of speech classified into
eight, there are noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction,
4
These are kinds of registers used by characters in shooter movie. The data
below will be explained the meaning of those registers and classified into parts of
speech.
Data 1
Donnie : Command post, command post.
This is TS-129, over.
FBI’s leader : Sir, I have visual confirmation of TS-129's current position.
Mission accomplished, en route to extract site.
Distance eight clicks, over.
Donnie : Command Post, Command Post, this is Viper.
I have friendly forces moving towards extraction point, over.
Swagger : Heads up, our boys are coming through.
Donnie : Viper, this is CP.
be advised, possible hostile forces approaching TS-129 at their
12:00.
From conversation above there are three registers TS – 129, viper, and CP
used by the mission group (Swagger and Donnie) and FBI’s leader. Those
registers have literal meaning TS-129 (T: one of the alphabet, 129: one hundred
twenty nine), Viper (A poisonous snake found in Africa, Asia and Europe), CP
(Chat post) Three of those register are noun. Three of those register have
non-literal meaning too, like TS-129 has non- literal meaning (The name of mission
Army group. This mission group consist of swagger and Donnie), viper (Used to
call the enemy in Shooter community), and CP (Used to inform to FBI’s
member). Then, in this conversation the mission group of Army consists of
Swagger and Donnie convey the information to command post; they have in their
position. Then the command post got CP, it is convey the information: there are
The conversation contains register sector bravo. It has literal meaning (Sector:
any of the parts of a battle area or of an under military control, bravo: a shout of
approval, especially to an actor, singer etc. bravo! Well!). It represent noun,
Sector bravo which consist of noun namely “sector” and “bravo”. The content of
this conversation occur when Donnie and Swagger still in the TS-129, they find
their enemy in the sector bravo by vehicle and brought gun. Swagger asked
Donnie to prepare the range of shot like: 870 yard, wind three quarter value, push
2 left. Donnie said sector bravo because that area is specific which excite to shot
the enemy.
The member of Army : Command Post, Command Post,
this is Viper.
From the conversation by character above, it founded register viper,
sector bravo, 675, 900, 920, and three quarter value. Those registers has literal
meaning such as: (Sector: any of the parts of a battle area or of an under military
control, bravo: a shout of approval, especially to an actor, singer etc. bravo!
Well!), (675: six hundreds seventy five, 920: nine hundreds twenty), (Three
quarter: three quarters of the size or the whole, value: the quality of being useful
or important). All of those register are noun, except three quarter value,” three
quarter” represent adjective and “value” is noun then three quarter value represent
noun phrase. Then this conversation Swagger and Donnie have shot their enemy
in the TS-129. Usually in the shooter community before they shoot their viper,
they must prepare the range of shoot like 920, 675 and when they want to know
the position to machine gun they only say three quarter value. Then, they can
shoot in the specific area it calls sector bravo. This community always uses viper
7
Data 4
Swagger : There’s a 6- to10-second flight time
so you have to shoot at where the target's going to be.
Even the Carioles effect the spin of the Earth, comes into play.
President will be wearing body armor. That means a headshot, at over a mile.
You believe there's a shooter involved capable of making this shot?
Colonel Johnson : Yes.
Swagger said Carioles Effect. It represents noun and this conversation
happened after Swagger decides to retreat in shooter community. After that,
Colonel Johnson came to Swagger’s house. Johnson asks him to kill the president
because there is no person who has great shooting ability except Swagger. Then
Swagger explains about everything which is influence with the range of shot, like:
humidity, elevation, temperature, wind, spindrift and carioles effect. Carioles
effect used to know the large scale aerial movement and atmosphere.
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statement happen after Johnson come to his house, Swagger called his friend. He
entrust his favorite dog to his friend because he wants do his mission from
Johnson. Swagger looks for place where president will shoot. Swagger noticed to
his friend “one day please read a few ballistic tables to my dog if he looks lonely”.
From that sentence, not only Swagger understands about ballistic but also his
favorite dog.
Data 6
Swagger : Shot's got to be taken from Philly.
From beyond 1,800 yards, though. It's one of six possible locations,
Approximately five storey’s above the President's location. Flight time of the bullet that distance is five to six seconds. They'll have to wait till he takes the podium, several lines into his speech.
That way he'd be completely static, obviously at his most
exposed.
Shot requires a large-caliber weapon.
Expect the bullet to be handmade, bronzed alloy turned on a lathe.
Slightly lower ballistics coefficient, touch more slippery.
Least that's what I'd do.
Colonel Johnson : You can kill him from that far away?
Swagger : Mile and a half, the bullet's going to strike with more energy
than a.44 Magnum point blank.
Colonel Johson : Yeah, I think you can kill him.
The word static, ballistic and 44 magnum are register. Static, ballistic
and 44 magnum are represent noun, because static has meaning (Conditions in the
atmosphere causing pool sound or picture quality on radio or television, marked
by loud harsh noises), ballistic (The study of things that are shot or fired through
the air), and 44 magnum (A bottle containing 1,5 liters of wine or spirits). In the
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happen, when Swagger had look for the place to shoot the president. There are
three places such as Baltimore, Washington DC and Philly. Swagger told to
Johnson that shot will be taken from Philly. It is one of possible location to shoot
the Baltimore and Washington DC, because in the Philly approximately five
storeys above the president’s location. Flight time of the bullet that distance is five
to six seconds and the bullet’s going to strike with more energy. Than 44 magnum
has literal meaning, magnum is handgun it guns has big damage.
Data 7
Swagger : Yellow ribbons.
Sergeant : Yeah, people put those up to remember the troops.
Swagger : No, they tie those low around trees.
These are wind age flags. Roughly the location
I'd have put them in for a shot from the steeple.
Sergeant : Yeah, Maybe.
In the conversation shows the register yellow ribbons. It represents noun
phrase (yellow ribbons), yellow ribbons which consist of an adjective, namely
“yellow” and noun namely “ribbons”. It has literal meaning “something for
decoration which has color like lemon or butter”. In this conversation Swagger
after know the place will shoot the president, Swagger make cooperation with
FBI’s member to keep Philly’s area. Before shooting Swagger asks Sergeant
about yellow ribbons, “Does he know about yellow ribbons?” in fact, he does not.
Then Swagger informed to him about it. It is wind flags. Swagger put there
Condor Two, this is Command Post. Stand by for update, over
Standing by, over.
This statement shows the register condor two. It represents noun and it
has literal meaning “type of vulture or eagle found in America”. This statement
happen after Swagger does his mission to shoot the president, but here he traps by
Johnson and his subordinates. The goal is not president but Archbishop of
Ethiopia. After that, Swagger run away from that area and group FBI pursued
Swagger by helicopter. FBI supposed Swagger who shot Archbishop of Ethiopia.
In fact, person who shot Archbishop of Ethiopia is Timmon. Timmon is Johnson
subordinate. In this community condor is a group of FBI who used helicopter.
Data 9
Member of FBI : 17, can you repeat possible suspect description?
Ed : Negative, no further at this time.
This is 15.
No activity at my location.
I am available to move if necessary. Copy that.
From the conversation above, the member of FBI and Ed used register.
The register 17 and 15, both of them represent noun. 15 and 17 mean the fifteen
and seventeen post. After Swagger run away from that area. The member of FBI
makes communication with his partner he asks the situation of that area, but there
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Data 10
Ed : He is going south on Front from Diamond.
Member of FBI : This is Condor 2.
We are transitioning from roadhouse to Front Street.
Please, advise for further description of suspect vehicle.
Dispatch, 419, I'm heading south on Thompson.
Do we have a color, anything on the vehicle?
Ed : Assassination suspect's vehicle is one government-issue black
2006 Ford Crown Vic.
Pennsylvania license number 7- 3-1-7 James David Edward, over.
The conversation shows the register 419. It means type of FBI
helicopter. It represent noun. This conversation happened between Ed in the FBI
office and member of FBI which on helicopter. The type of helicopter who use by
FBI group pursued Swagger is 419. That helicopter pursued black car which
Nick : Salt, sugar, water, and a marinade injector.
Leader of FBI : Guy going to a barbecue.
It has something to do with osmotic pressure.
It was popular during the Napoleonic War.
Leader of FBI : You go into Howard's office with the Napoleonic War,
Philly. In this conversation Nick gets information about Swagger. Swagger buys
salt, sugar, water and marinade injector to maintain the body because he has shoot
by Timmon. Then Nick explained to his boss about function all of Swagger buy in
that shop, especially sugar can to treat battlefield wounds for hundreds years, but
his boss still angry because he supposed Nick makes cooperation with Swagger.
In this community osmotic means “the pressure needed to maintain the body
balance”
Data 12
Johnson : You're trying to tell me a rookie FBI agent overpowered and
killed the three of them?
Sergeant : No. They were shot from a distance of about 200 yards, with
a.22.
Johnson : Swagger's alive, yes.
Sergeant : and that young kid FBI agent.
Nick Memphis who managed to pry out a Delta-level clearance, hasn’t come back to the office and is out there with him.
Sergeant shows the register 22. It represent noun. It means types of
Swagger gun. Nick get warning from the center because Swagger allowed by his
car. Then Nick in difficult position, after knowing Swagger uses Nick car.
13
Johnson talk in the living room, they heard there is a person who saves Nick from
Johnson’s hand. That person used 22 gun. 22 it means type of Swagger gun.
Swagger saved Nick with successfully. Then Swagger asked Nick to make
cooperation with him to kill Johnson and his subordinates.
Data 13
Nick : Okay, so what are these for again?
Tear gas is going to be on my remote.
Swagger : Right, Napalm on the first floor.
Pipe bombs on the rest of them, gotta be very careful with these, it's got a 15-foot kill radius.
Nick : So what exactly are we getting ready for?
Swagger : For as much as we can be.
All right, you got four enemy combatants. Take them one by one.
Keep shooting. Don't let anything distract you.
Nick : Fuck!
In this conversation Swagger said 15- foot. It represent noun. Nick saved
by Swagger. Both of them make cooperation to kill Johnson, his subordinate and
Senator In the wide plain Swagger and Nick assembled the gun to kill Johnson,
Sergeant and their group. Swagger says to him about that gun. It can kill 15 foot.
It means not only foot will kill but also his body of fifteen people can kill by that
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20 yards and closing.
Sergeant : Go check the perimeter. And tell the others to stay
alert.
Sergeant’s member : yes sir
From the conversation shows perimeter as register. It represents noun
and literal meaning from perimeter is a boundary around an area. In this
community Perimeter means a boundary where guide must alert there. Guide must
keep in that area. This conversation occurred when Swagger and Nick did their
mission in front of sergeant’s house. Swagger killed sergeant’s member one by
one. Then he entered to inside sergeant’s house. Swagger came here because he
has purpose, he wanted know about “the real Johnson’s name and he work for
whom?” but Sergeant did not answer it.
Data 15
Swagger : I'm gonna provide you with two numbers, and then we'll talk.
Point 732. Point 648.
Johnson : Somewhere I can see you, coming from a goddamn long way
off.
Swagger said 732 and 648. It shows register and represent noun. The
mission of Swagger and nick were successful. Johnson knows about it. After that,
15
mean swagger will meet Johnson and senator in this area. This area is ice desert
and the last of three digits down to a few meters of latitude and longitude.
Data 16
Nick : It's the FBI!
Swagger : It's gonna be okay. Hold this.
If one of them betrays the principles of the accrual.
I don't think so, Senator.
Nick : What are you doing?
Saving our lives.
That proved you were innocent!
Swagger : Nobody out here is innocent!
This stuff's plutonium.
Nobody can handle it without dying. You hand it over to the authorities, It’s just gonna disappear, along with us! Unless you want to get buried
In the hills outside Terlingua. I'm out, old man!
The conversation above occurs between Nick and Swagger in the ice
desert. The dialogue contains register plutonium. It has literal meaning “Chemical
element”. It represent noun (plutonium). The content of the dialogue is Swagger
reminds to Johnson and Senator, if one of them betrays the principles of the
accrual he wants give them plutonium because nobody can handle it without
dying. Plutonium here means it used especially in nuclear weapons and as a fuel
in nuclear power situation and it has big damage. Those data above can be
evidence which in the shooter community use language represent as register.
Moreover, register used by characters in shooter movie have non literal
meaning, non-literal uses of language are traditionally called figurative and are
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synecdoche, hyperbole and litotes. For example of metaphor in this community,
when this community called their enemy, they used “viper”. Literal meaning of
viper is a poisonous snake found in Africa, Asia and Europe. Enemy in this
community is like viper. Then every people who meet the enemy in this
community, they called viper.
In other word, this community say “condor”. It means group of FBI which
uses helicopter. In literal meaning condor has meaning a type of vulture or eagle
found in America. Eagle or vulture bird is flying. Then the group of FBI who by
helicopter called condor.
Then, Yellow ribbons has literal meaning, from the word “yellow” is the
color of lemon or butter while “ribbons” is silk, nylon or other material in a
narrow strip used for tying something or for decoration. However in this
community, when Swagger says to his friend about yellow ribbons, it means wind
flags. It is sign to shoot from the steeple.
44 magnums has literal meaning. 44 means forty and magnum means a
bottle containing 1, 5 liters of wine or spirit. In non-literal meaning it means name
of handgun and it has big damage. Who can 44 magnum in their body they get big
damage like die.
Then synecdoche is a literary deice in which a part of something represent the
whole or it may use a whole to represent a part, for example from shooter
community, when Swagger and Nick assembled the gun to kill Johnson, Sergeant
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will kill but also his body of fifteen people can kill by that gun. That about non
literal meaning of register used by characters in shooter movie.
After knowing the meaning of those registers then, the writer classified into
part of speech. There are 18 noun, 2 noun phrase and 1 adjective.
Part of Speech
Word/ Phrase
18
732,648
Plutonium
Noun phrase Three - quarter value
Yellow Ribbon
Adjective Osmotic
4.1.3 The Categories of Register Used by Characters in the Movie
The third statement of problem in this study can be answered by Halliday’s
theory. The linguist Michael Halliday register divided into three categories: field,
tenor and mode. Those categories happened in register used by character in
shooter movie.
The writer found register used by characters in shooter movie. They used register
in certain matter and purpose. The explanations of each categories of register are
explained below.
4.1.3.1 Field
The first categories is field, it involves the setting in which communication
takes place and what language is being used to talk about. In shooter movie the
character used technical or specialized term such as they used language that
people do not know the meaning is.
The data below are supported the answer of the third statement of this
Swagger : They're not on anybody's side.
We don't have to shoot them. Everything comes into play that far.
Humidity, elevation, temperature, wind, spindrift. There's a 6- to10-second flight time
So you have to shoot at where the target's going to be.
Even the Coriolis effect, the spin of the Earth, comes into play. President'll be wearing body armour.
That means a headshot, At over a mile.
You believe there's a shooter involved capable of making this shot?
Johnson : Yes.
From the first data, Donnie and Swagger talked about shooter situation.
When they did their mission of Army, Donnie told to Swagger that he knew
enemies. Their enemies were front of them. The first enemy was over the top,
second was down the river and tertiary were to the river. The setting of the first
data is in the top and down the river.
Then the second data, Johnson came to Swagger house. Johnson asked
Swagger to shoot their president. After that Swagger talked about the range of
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Johnson that everything comes into play far are Humidity, elevation, temperature,
wind, spindrift. Even the Coriolis Effect, the spin of the Earth comes into play.
The setting of the second data is about the factor that influence the distance of
shot like: Humidity, elevation, temperature, wind, spindrift and the Coriolis
Effect.
It explained about field used in shooter movie. Shooter community used
technical term, the term are not easily understood by people outside this group
except shooter community.
4.1.3.2 Tenor
The second category is tenor. It indicates the role relationship between the
speaker and addressee. Tenor refers to who is talking part in the situation. The
notion of tenor highlights the way in which linguistic choices are affected not just
by the topic or subject matter of communication but also by the kind of social
relationship within which communication taking place (Montgomery, 1989).
Then Halliday stated the relationship between the speaker and the addressee
varies according to:
a. status (ranging from unequal as in the case of a boss to employee and
equal as friend to friend)
b. affective involvement (ranging from high as with friends/family
members or with business clients)
c. Contact (ranging from frequent as people who frequently meet you and
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The relationship between the speaker and addressee influences the formality of the
language used. Tenor is one of the register categories, it happens in shooter
movie. The data below are supported the answer of the statement of the study. It is
about tenor.
Data 1
a. Status
(Unequal status, it happens between Nick and the director’s FBI).
Nick : She thinks it was him, but it was dark because the
power was out in the store. FBI’s Director : What’d he buy? Gotta be.
Nick : Salt, sugar, water, and a marinade injector.
FBI’s Director : Guy going to a barbecue. Salt, water, an injector could be used for an IV, but what's with the sugar? Whoa, whoa, whoa! Hold that! Hold that!
Nick : Well, sugar's been used to treat battlefield wounds
for hundreds of years. It has something to do with osmotic pressure. It was popular during the Napoleonic War.
FBI’s Director : You go into Howard's office with the Napoleonic War, he's gonna put you on psych leave. Go back to your desk. I'm saving your life.
Unequal status can influence the using language, for example of this
conversation between Nick as employee with his boss. Nick talked to his boss
with formal language. The content of this conversation is Nick give know to his
boss that Swagger still life, he buy salt, sugar, water and marinade injector for
Swagger’s injury. Nick explains to his boss about the purposes of those
substances, but his boss is angry. He does not listen what Nick said. And he asks
Nick to go back to Nick’s desk.
22
Donnie : Target.
Sector Bravo, deep. Vehicle, belt-fed weapon.
Swagger : Range it.
Donnie : 870 yards and closing, wind, three-quarter value,
push 2 left. 900 yards. Wide spot on the road.
Swagger : On target.
Donnie : Hold scope.
Fire when ready.
Swagger : Hit.
While this conversation happen between Donnie and swagger as best
friend. It calls equal status because they are friend. The language used by them is
informal. It is not like boss to his employee or lecturer to the students. The content
of this conversation occur when Donnie and Swagger found their enemy in the
sector bravo by vehicle and brought gun. Swagger asked Donnie to prepare the
range of shot like: 870 yard, wind three quarter value, push 2 left. Donnie said
sector bravo because that area which excite to shot the enemy.
Data 2
b. affective involvement
This conversation between Swagger and Donnie. They are best friend.
Swagger : Call it in. It's time to go.
Donnie : Command Post, this is Viper.
Mission accomplished.
Donnie : Viper is advised larger hostile forces approaching near sector
bravo.
Weren't supposed to be hostiles that close!
Swagger : Crooked tree. 675, 30 miles an hour, three-mile lead.
Donnie : Position to machine gun. 900, three-quarter value.
Fire when ready.
Jefe. 920. Three-quarter value.
Swagger : I see it, Donnie. I see it.
23
This conversation happens between Swagger and Donnie. They are
friend. The language used by them is informal. The content of this conversation
about Swagger and Donnie have shot their enemy. Usually in the shooter
community before shooting their enemy they must prepare the range of shot like
920, 675 yard and in this community always use viper to call their enemy.
Data 3
c. Contact
Rarely meet in the area (Swagger and Nick come to Tennessee to meet
the greatest gunsmith)
Swagger : you mind your manners
Nick : all right
The greatest gunsmith : You boys come a long way. What you looking for?
Wisdom. You come to the wrong place.
Swagger : Maybe.
Say a man wanted to fire a bullet from one rifle and have it match exactly to another.
Could that be done?
The greatest gunsmith : Take a seat.
Have a chair, son.
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want to meet person who rarely they meet every day. Swagger and Nick ask to the
greatest gunsmith about rifle.
Frequently meet in the area ( when Nick and Swagger make cooperation
to kill ) Gotta be very careful with these. It's got a 15-foot kill radius.
From the conversation above they use informal language because they
frequently meet in the area. They make cooperation to kill Johnson, sergeant and
his group. They make the greatest gun because they get information from
Tennessee. The greatest gun can kill 15 people at that time.
4.1.3.3 Mode
The third category is mode. It refers to what the role language is playing in
interaction. It includes in the medium of communication matters such as spoken
or written or its combination between written to be spoken or spoken to be
written. Language can be spontaneous or planned.
The result of analyzing the data of this study shows that the categories of
25
level of their conversation in spoken form made their communication be more
specific. They used language spontaneously in their conversation.
The data below are supported the answer of the third statement of this study. It
is about the role language is playing in interaction.
The member of Army : Command Post, this is viper.
Weren't supposed to be hostiles that close!
Swagger : Crooked tree. 675, 30 miles an hour, three-mile
lead.
Donnie : Position to machine gun. 900, three-quarter value.
Fire when ready.
Jefe. 920. Three-quarter value.
Swagger : I see it, Donnie. I see it.
Fire when ready.
Donnie : They don't know where we are.
But they might get lucky!
The member of Army : Command Post, Command Post, this is Viper.
The conversation occurs in the sector bravo. It refers to the specific area
to shoot the enemy. This conversation Swagger and Donnie have shot their
enemy. Usually in the shooter community before shooting their enemy they must
prepare the range of shot like 920, 675 yard and in this community always use
viper to call their enemy. The purpose of this conversation is Swagger and Donnie
1
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
The writer concludes that register is a variant of language that is used in the particular jobs or communities to describe the specific vocabulary associated with different occupational groups and usually cannot be understood by other people or other groups of community. It could be described as an occupational style. Register helps people to express their identity at a specific time or place and how they seek to present their self to others. Different social interaction also becomes the factor of the different register in using language. Such as the different language which is used by computer community, a language which is used by lecturer in the class or a language which is used by photographer community. They seem to have different register in their communication.
After analyzing the data the writer finds 21 unique words which are considered as the register used by character in shooter movie. Those words had the meaning related to their job as army in United States. The terms are not easily understood by people outside this group except United Stated army. Those words are classified into parts of speech. There are 18 nouns, 1 adjectives and 2 nouns phrase.
2
and addressee. It influences the formality of the language used. In shooter movie they used formal and informal language. The last of the categories of register were mode. The level of their conversation in spoken form made their communication is more specific. They used language spontaneously in their conversation.
5.2 Suggestion
Register is language used by individual or a group or community in certain matter and specific purposes. The writer suggests to other researcher may conduct research about register in different point of view. Besides, this study can be a valuable reference for linguistic students of University to learn about register.
