MICROBIOLOGY PPT LECTURE NOTES | Karya Tulis Ilmiah

Bacterial Physiology

Bacterial chemical

Bacterial chemical

components

components



Water

_{: free water and compound water.}



Inorganic salt

_{: phosphus, potassium}

magnesium, calcium, nitrium,etc.



Protein

: _{50%-80% of dry weight according}

bacterial kinds and age.



Sugar

: _{mainly distributing in cell wall and}

capsule.

Environmental factors affecting

Environmental factors affecting

growth of bacteria

growth of bacteria



1. Nutrients



2. Temperature

Bacterial Nutrition and Growth

Bacterial Nutrition and Growth



Classification based on their source of

carbon

 根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根根

 1. Autotrophs 氧氧氧

 2. Heterotrophs 氧氧氧 :saprophytes 根根根 ;

Nutrient requirements of

Nutrient requirements of

bacterial growth:

bacterial growth:

 1. Water

 2. Carbon source

 3. Nitrogen source 氧氧  4. Minerals 氧氧氧

 5. Growth factors 氧氧氧氧氧 that a cell must have for

growth but cannot synthesize itself. Such as amino acids, purines 氧氧 , pyrimidines 氧氧 , and vitamins

氧氧氧氧氧氧 X 氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

Temperature

Temperature

 Psychrophilic forms 氧氧氧 (15-20℃)

 Mesophilic forms 氧氧氧氧 30-37℃ 氧 include all

human pathogens and opportunists.

pH

pH



Neutrophiles

根根根根根

5 to 8

根



Acidophiles

根根根根根

below 5.5

根

Gas Requirements

Obligate anaerobes

Obligate anaerobes

氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧



氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

catalase

氧氧

,

peroxidase

氧氧氧氧氧

, superoxide dismutase

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧



氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧



氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

2O

₂-

+

2H

+ SOD

H

2

O

2

+O

2

2H

₂

O

₂ 氧氧

2H

2

O +O

2

H

₂

O

₂

+AH

₂

氧氧氧氧氧

2H

CO

CO

₂₂

Bacterial Growth

Bacterial Growth



Generation time

氧氧氧

the time it takes for

a population of bacteria to double in

number

 many common bacteria 根 20~60 min

 most common pathogens in the body 根 5-10

Population dynamics

Population dynamics

氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧

--

--

the

the

growth curve

growth curve

氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧



a. The Lag Phase

氧氧氧

(A)



b. The Exponential Phase

氧氧氧

(C)



c. The Maximum Stationary Phase

氧氧氧

(E)

根根根

根根根

growth curve

0 _{5 10 15 20 25 30}

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Metabolism

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧



Energy Metabolism



Medical Important Metabolic Products

1.

anabolic processes

根根根根

Energy Metabolism

Energy Metabolism

 1.Cellular respiration is the process cells use to

convert the energy in the chemical bonds of nutrients to ATP energy. 氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧 ATP 氧氧氧氧

 Aerobic respiration 氧氧氧氧

 Anaerobic respiration 氧氧氧氧

Metabolic Products and Biochemical

Metabolic Products and Biochemical

Testing

Testing

氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧

b. Methyl Red (MR) Test

b. Methyl Red (MR) Test

氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧

 氧氧氧→氧氧氧→氧氧氧氧氧氧 氧氧氧

- 氧氧氧→氧氧氧 氧氧氧 +

c. Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test

c. Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test

氧氧氧→氧氧氧→氧氧氧氧氧氧 →氧氧氧→氧氧氧氧氧

+

氧氧氧氧氧 氧氧氧→氧氧氧 根

d.Citrate Utilization Test

d.Citrate Utilization Test

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧

氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧 +

氧氧氧氧

e. Indole Test

e. Indole Test

氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧

 氧氧氧→氧氧→氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧

I M Vi C

氧氧

V

P test

C

itrate utilization test

I

ndol test

M

ethyl test

I

M Vi

C



f. Hydrogen

Sulfide (H

₂

S

) Production

氧氧氧氧

氧

Synthetic Products

Synthetic Products

a. Pyrogen

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

 This is a fever-producing substance synthesized by

bacteria. 氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

LPS/ 氧氧氧 / 氧氧氧氧氧 250℃ 氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧 / 氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

b. Toxins and Invasive Enzyme

b. Toxins and Invasive Enzyme

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

 Exotoxin

c. Pigments

c. Pigments

氧氧

氧氧



氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧



氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧



d. Antibiotics

d. Antibiotics

氧氧氧

氧氧氧



e. Bactericin

e. Bactericin

氧氧氧

氧氧氧

Artificial Cultivation of Bacteria

Artificial Cultivation of Bacteria

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧



Medium

氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

Classification according to basic

Classification according to basic

ingredients

ingredients



a. Minimal essential growth medium

氧氧氧氧

氧



b. Enrichment medium

氧氧氧氧氧



c. Selective medium

氧氧氧氧氧

Classification according to

Classification according to

physical condition:

physical condition:



a

氧

liquid medium



b

氧

solid medium

Phenomena of bacterial growth

Phenomena of bacterial growth



Semisolid medium

Purposes of bacterial artificial

Purposes of bacterial artificial

cultivation

cultivation

 氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

 氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

designated by a Latin binominal

designated by a Latin binominal

氧

氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧

氧氧氧氧氧氧



氧氧氧氧氧氧氧

Some of the features

Some of the features

that have been used to

that have been used to

classify

classify

bacteria

bacteria

 Gram stain (cell wall structure)

Mole percent G+C in the genome Growth temperature

Ability to form heat stable spores

Electron acceptors for respiration (if any) Photosynthetic ability

Motility Cell shape