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AN ANALYSIS OF ACCURACY LEVEL OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE IN ENGLISH-BAHASA INDONESIAANDBAHASA INDONESIA-ENGLISH

TRANSLATIONS

A THESIS

Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of a Sarjana SastraDegree in English Language and Literature

By

Melita Nadhianti 09211141007

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

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v

DEDICATIONS

This thesis is dedicated to my beloved father,

Alm. Bapak .

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vi

MOTTOS

Never give up no matter what you encounter!

(Choi Minho)

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vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin, I express my highest gratitude to Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta ala for the blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to complete this thesis. Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam who had delivered the truth to human beings in general and Muslims in particular.

I would like to express my greatest gratitude to my supervisors, Drs. Suhaini M. Saleh, M.A. and Eko Rujito Dwi A, S.S., M. Hum., who have been willing to spare their valuable time not only for reading, correcting, and improving my thesis but also for encouraging me to finish this thesis. They enriched my knowledge not only by showing the right things but also by doing the things right. I thank them for inspiring me to be a disciplined English translator. Additionally, I thank all my lecturers for the useful knowledge given to me.

I greatly appreciate Setyo Purwaningsih, S.Pd and Falla Nour Rohmah, S.S for the help and their willingness to participate in this research study.

My sincere gratitude goes to my beloved father, my mother and my sisters who always support me, encourage me, and become my reasons why I cannot stop learning.

Last but not least, I thank all my friends who always support me in every way, especially my best friend, Fitto. To my A40b All Stars ganks, Menk, Mba tyo, Uni Cia, Mincen, Ririn, Mak Puput, I thank them for always by my side in this seven years of struggle. To my lovely friends, Dhias, Ditta, Risna, Shinta, Pipit, and Joe, I thank them all for being parts of me. To the captain of Elit Class A, Wibi, I thank him for being the best captain ever. To all my classmates, Rissa, Ifa, Jeihan, Sari, Ikun, Dina, Nur, Ayu, Haryo, Dhesta, Falla, Ichi, Maya, and Dinda, they are all awesome.

Yogyakarta, April 2016

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viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGE ... ii

STATEMENT... iii

RATIFICATION iv

DEDICATIONS ... v

MOTTOS ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii

LIST OF TABLES ... x

LIST OF FIGURES ... xi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... xii

ABSTRACT ... xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1

B. Identification of the Problem ... 3

C. Limitation of the Problem... 6

D. Formulation of the Problem ... 7

E. Objectives of the Study... 7

F. Significance of the Study ... 7

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A. Theoretical Review ... 9

1. Translation... 9

a. Forms and Meanings... 9

b. Definitions of Translation ... 12

2. Types of Translation... 13

3. The Accuracy of Translation ... 17

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ix

b. Indicators of Inaccuracy... 19

4. Machine Translations... 20

a. Introduction .. 20

b. Representation and Processing .. 22

c. Machine Translation Evaluation 25

5. Text . 26 a. Definition of Text .. 26

b. Text-types .. 27

6. Previous Study . 30 B. Conceptual Framework... 30

C. Analytical Construct ... 33

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Data and Sources of the Data... 34

B. Technique of Data Collection ... 35

C. Technique of Data Analysis... 36

D. Data Reliability ... 37

E. Procedure of Research Validation... 38

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Findings... 39

1. The Accuracy Level... 39

B. Discussion ... 44

1. Accurate Sentences in the Texts... 44

2. Inaccurate Sentences in the Texts... 47

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion ... 61

B. Implications ... 61

C. Suggestions ... 62

REFERENCES ... 64

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x

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Categorization of Text... 27 Table 2: The Occurrence of Accurate and Inaccurate Sentences in English

Bahasa IndonesiaNarrative Texts ... 41 Table 3: The Occurrence of Accurate and Inaccurate Sentences in English

Bahasa IndonesiaDiscussionTexts... 41 Table 4: The Occurrence of Accurate and Inaccurate Sentences in English

Bahasa IndonesiaExposistion Texts... 42 Table 5: The Occurrence of Accurate and Inaccurate Sentences in Bahasa

Indonesia- English Narrative Texts... 43 Table 6: The Occurrence of Accurate and Inaccurate Sentences in Bahasa

Indonesia- English Discussion Texts ... 44 Table 7: The Occurrence of Accurate and Inaccurate Sentences in Bahasa

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xi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Translation as a Continuum... 14 Figure 2: The Text Types... 27 Figure 3: Analytical Construct of the Accuracy of Google Translate in

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xii

LIST OF APPENDIX

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xiii

AN ANALYSIS OF ACCURACY LEVEL OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE IN ENGLISH BAHASA INDONESIAANDBAHASA INDONESIA

-ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS Melita Nadhianti

NIM 09211141007 ABSTRACT

This research study aims at finding out the accuracy level of Google Translate in English Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Indonesia English translations.

This research was a descriptive qualitative research investigating the accuracy level of Google Translate in English-Bahasa Indonesiaand alsoBahasa Indonesia English translations. The main source of the data was the output translation texts of Google Translate. The sample texts of this research were discussion texts, exposition texts, and narrative texts. There were three texts for each text type. The main concern was on the sentences. The researcher took three translators as the population of target readers because it was assumed that the possible users of Google Translate were translators. In this research, the researcher used some instruments to conduct the research beside the researcher itself. For the calculation of accuracy of Google Translate, data cards and data sheet were applied as the instruments. Since there were only two categorizations in accuracy research, the researcher divided the number into two. A text was said to be accurate if the accurate meanings were more than 50%, but it was said to be inaccurate if the accurate meanings were less than 50%.

The result shows that Google Translate, in both English - Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Indonesia - English translations are considered as inaccurate translation. This statement is based on the finding of accurate occurrence percentage in Google Translate translations which were only 49.1 % and 37.1 %. The numbers are below 50 %, which indicates that the four inaccuracy indicators (omission, addition, different meaning and zero meaning) can be found in most sentences translated by Google Translate. From the finding of this research, it shows that Google Translate still needs some improvements in making the output precise in meaning and it is more appropriate for Google Translate stands only as an aid in translating.

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ÂÃÄÅÄ ÆÅÄ ÒÊÖÄ ÉÆ ÂÄÑÁ ÅÊÄÇ ÁÒ ÄÖÆËÓÆ ÂÊ ÁÀ Æ É ÉÁÅÌ Ê À Ñ ÂÁ ê à ÊÂÄ ëÊÀ Ô ÓÚÆ ÀÊØÆ× ìææ ì í îìï×

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ñòóôõòö÷ ô øö÷ùöó ñúò ûú óô ü ó óýô þõ úóúó ÿþô ú þ úòô òó ú óýô òô û ôúõô ñ ó ñ ü

õô÷ô öü ô ñö òúü ó ñ ô ø ö÷ ùöó ñúò ó ú ñ ò úùó óý ô öüô ú öñ÷ ùõô ú óý ô óõ öòü÷ öóñ úò

ü ÿü óôôþô óô ó ú ú ô ÷ öõ öó ñøô ô øö÷ùöóñ úò ó úô ü õ ñô óýô÷ ôøô ÷ úóý ô ü ÿüóô ñ ò

óõ öòü ÷öóñ ò óý ô óôóöòúþôõ öóñ úòö÷ô ø ö÷ùöó ñúò ó úô øö÷ùöóô úòûþõ ú õö ýô óýôõ

ñóúõ üñ ò ÷ñòôó úñ óüúþôõ öóñ úòö÷ úòóôóúõ òúó ÷÷óýô üôô øö÷ùöóñ úòüô òóñúòô öõô

ô øö÷ùöóñ ò óýôúõ üúû úõ ö ñò óýôô ó óô õüÿü óô úû

C. Limitation of the Problem

ûúöô öõ ñô ÷ñ òô ö ú ùó óýô õ öò ôú óý ñ üõô ü ôöõ ý óýô õ ô üô öõ ý ôõ úò ô õ òü

úò÷ ÿ úò ô ÷ öõöóñ øô ô ø ö÷ ùöó ñúò õ ú ô ÷ öõöóñ øô ô øö÷ùöóñ úò óýô õô üô öõ ý ôõ öó óô þóü

óú ú üôõ øôóýô ö ùõ ö ÿ úúòô ú óýô ö ý ñòô óõöòü ÷öó úõüôõô óýô õ ôüô öõ ýôõóö ô ü

úú ÷ôûõöòü ÷ öóô öüóýôö ý ñòôóõöòü ÷öóúõüö þ÷ôü ñò ô ñóñ üúòôúóýô úüó þúþù÷öõ

øôõü ñ úòü ú ö ý ñ òô óõ ö òü ÷öóúõ ñò òúòô ü ñö ö òÿ óõöòü ÷öó ñúò üó ùô òóü ý öøô ùüô ñó

úõ ýô ÷þñ ò óýô ñõ óõöòü÷ öó ñúò ú ü ûý ôõô úõô óýô õô üôöõ ý ôõ ñ ü ñòóôõô üóô ñò

ñòøô ü óñ öóñò úú ÷ô ûõ ö òü ÷öóô öü òú÷ô ô úõ óýô ùüôõ ü öò öÿô öò ô øö÷ùöó ñúò

úõ óýô ö ôõ ûýô õô üôöõ ýôõ ô ÷ñô øô ü óýöó óýô úòü ùôõ ü òôô ó ú òú ý öó ÷ô øô ÷

úú ÷ô ûõ öòü ÷öóô öü ö ö ý ñòô óõ öòü ÷ öó úõ þôõúõ ñ óü ö ñ ÷ñ óÿ ó ú óõöòü ÷öó ô ò ÷ ñüý

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D. Formulation of the Problem

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E. Objectives of the Research

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F. Significance of the Research

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€z ‚|  ~‚} z } ƒ„Œ ‰} €Œ ~„Œ € z ~ „~†y€{}~†}ƒ„|€‚ ‰} € Œ‚~w| € z ~‚‚ ~ „ ‘Š „ € ƒ… € z

‚| ~ ‚} z ‚|‡{wƒ{„€€ƒw~‚Œ€zz „ ƒŠ „~ƒ|‚‡Œ

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10

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» ¹º¸À¶·¶x·»Ä

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¼Ã¶ ´· ¼ ¹µ ´Æ¿ ¼ µ·¶ ¸Î¶¸» ¹µ´Æ¿ ´µÃ ·¶x·º´Æ ¾¶´µ¼ µ Â»Ä Ï ÆÆ · Á¶ »¶ ½ºµÀ·¼¹µ » ´¸¶ À ´Æ ƶÃ

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¶xζ ¸¼ ¶µÀ¶´µÃ ·Á¶½Æ º ¹½·Á¶ ¶v¶µ·»ÄÔ ´À Á ¼»À ¹µ » ¼»· ¼µ  ¹½´ θ¹À¶ » »¿Î´¸·¼À¼ δµ·»¿

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¼µ·¹ Æ ¹Â¼ À ´Æ ´µÃ ¶xζ¸¼¶ µ· ¼ ´Æ ¾¶ ´µ¼µÂ ¸¶ ½¶ ¸» · ¹ ·Á¶ θ¹À ¶ »»¶ »¿ · Á¶ δ ¸·¼ À¼Î´µ· ¼ µ

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¹Î¶µ ÂÆ ´Ã¶ È=ØoÀ ´t¼ ¹µÍ tÁ¶ w¼ Æà r´ÒÒ¼ts È=AÀtorÍ Ã ´µÀ ¶Ã È=Ùr¹À¶ssÍ w¼tÁ tÁ¶¼r

» Á´Ã ¹Ús È=AÀÀ ¹¾Î´µ¼¶µtÍÄÛ

ܵ tÁ¶ otÁ¶r Á ´µÃ¿ tÁ¶ ¼ µ·¶rζ» ¹µ ´Ær ¾¶t´½ ºµÀt¼¹µ ö ´Æs w¼tÁ tÁ¶

¼µ· ¶r´Àt¼¹µ Ò¶tw¶ ¶µ tÁ¶ »Î¶ ´Ý¶r ´µÃ Á¶t ´Ã ¸¶s »¶ ¶ÈsÍÄ ÑÁ¶ ¸´¾¾´t¼À ´Æ r¶sourÀ¶s

´r¶ º»¶Ã ½or ¶µ´À¼ µÂt s¹À¼ ´Æ r¹Æ¶s ¼µ ¶µ¶r´Æ ´µÃ » ζ¶ÀÁ r¹Æ¶s ¼ µ δ¼ÀºÆ ´rt ¿r ¼ µ

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¼µ· ¶rζr» ¹µ ´Æ r¶ Æ´t¼¹µ »Ä ×t ¼s r¶ Æ´¶Ãt to tÁ¶ ´tt¼tºÃ¶ or ½¶¶ ƼµÂs ¹½ tÁ¶ » ζ´ ݶrs or

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¼t¶rÄ H¶r¶¿ ¾ ¹¹Ã ¼s oµ¶ ¹½ ¼ts ¾ ´Óor ¸´¾¾´t¼À ´Æ syst¶¾ »¿ wÁ¶tÁ¶r tÁ¼ µ Âs ´r¶ r

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11

Þß àáßâãäå âæ âçè âèxâéäê àáëì áßè ßâ àáßàèã ßå âçè àãè äâí áß áî âçè âèxâ å wí âç

âçè ìãè å è ßâäâíáß áîí ïèäâíáßäêäßï íßâèãìè ãå áßäê ëè äßí ß ðå äåíßîáãë äâí áß âç äâ àäß

ñè åç äãèï ñy âçè åìèäòè ã äßï âçè êí å âè ßèã í ß âçè âèxâ éßîáêïí ßð âçè àáßâèxâó Þß

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w

çí àçåèãöè åäåâçèì áí ßâ áîïèì äã âéã èáîâçèëè å åäðè ó

Þß ÷è äßí ß ðøñäåèï õ ãäßåêäâí áßæ ùäã åáß úûüýþÿ å âäâè å âç äâ áßè îáã ë áî ä

êäßðé ä ðèëäy å âäâèäðãè äâßéëñèã åáîîáã ëå ó áãèxäëì êèâçèëè äßí ß ðáîâçèñä ð

í åçèävy à äßñèèxìãè å åè ïí ßâ áëäßy îáãëå éàçäåîáêê áíßðâçèñäðíåçèävyæ âçè

çè ävy ñä ðæ äßï âçè ñ ä ð wçíàç íå çè ävyæ ôéå â îãáë âçè å äëè êäß ðéä ðèó Þß äßáâçèã

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àáßïí âí áß âç äâ âçèãè íå á ßè øâ áøáßè àáãã èê äâíáß ñè âwèè ß âçè àç áåè ß îáã ë ä ßï âçè

ëè äßíßðó

õçè ðãè äâè å â ïí î îí àéêây í ß âã äßåê äâíßð íå âçè ãè éí ãèëè ßâ áî áßè øâ áøáß è

àáããè ê äâí áß ñè âwèè ß îáãë äßï ëè äßí ßðæ áãæ wçí àç í å àäêêèï åòèíßðw åíßàè

êäßðé ä ðèí åäàáëì êèx åèâáîåòèwèïãè ê äâí áßåçíìñèâwèè ßëè äßí ß ðúåèë äß âíàÿäßï

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14

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25

ØÙ Ú ÛÜÝÞß ßà áâ

ãá ä åàß æåçß Þè çá éê ëß Þß ìà ííÞÛ Þáä îàáì ß Ü í îáÜ ïð Þì âÞ äÜ ñ çáà æëðçä Þ

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çáì æÛÜì ëÝà áâ Û ÞæÛÞßÞáä çäà Ü á Ü í ä åÞ îàáì wÞ åçó Þ àá ä åÞ æÛÞóà Ü ëß ß ÞÝä àÜ áò

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ÛÞæÛÞßÞáäçäà Ü áèçáìæÛÜì ëÝàáâäåÞÝÜ ÛÛ ÞßæÜ áìàáâßÞáäÞáÝÞö÷ÛáÜðìÞäçðèøùùúûüý Ùò

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à ááÜó çä àÜ á Ü í ä åÞ áÞw ñçÝåàáÞ äÛçáßð çäÜ Û ñÜì Þð ßò ÷ÝÝÜÛìàáâ ä Ü åàäÞ öà á

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ä åÞéêÞó çð ëçäà Ü áÜ ÞÝäàó ÞßòÞðÜ ïà ßä åÞÞxæð çá çä àÜ áÜ íä åÞß ÞÞvçðëçäà Ü áßò

øÙ Þçßààð àäy Þó çðëçäàÜ á

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ØÙ ãáäÞ ÛáçðÞvçðëçäà Ü á

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ì Þó ÞðÜ æñÞáäæÞÛà Üìò

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LITERARY Narrative Poetry Drama

FACTUAL Recount

Explanation Discussion Information report Exposition

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28

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™˜‘ ˜‘ —– –y w•™““Ž’“  ¢Ž• Ž——–‘ §©—– –—˜ ›ª —™« ‘›¬™ŸŽ• ™ « ˜›—’  ˜’¡–y•™˜—•Ž

˜ŸŽŽx—Ÿ¥– Ž˜ š¥ Ž“ ™ “Žx“ ˜§

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®• —Ÿ—˜ —’ ¢Ž˜ ¥« Ž’  • w• ™“ “ Ž’§ ®• —Ÿ—“ ™  “ Žx“˜—’ œ—¦ Ž ˜Ž“ – ™’ Ž˜• “œŽ —“• ˜

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™’ š•Ÿ˜ “œŽ •Ž—Ž• • – ™˜“ Ž’ Ž•§ ”œŽ•Ž —• Ž Ÿ—’y ™ ššŽ•Ž’“ “y¥ Ž˜  š ’ —•• —“™¦ Ž˜

™’ –‘ ™’¡ œ‘Ÿ•› •Ÿ—’Ž› • ™ŸŽ› •Ž—– ²–™ šŽ š™ “ ™ ’› œ™ ˜“ •™ —– š™“™’› Ÿ˜“Ž•y ›y

š—’“—˜y›˜ ™Ž’Žš ™“™’›™ —•y²’¦ Ž– ˜›—’ —¦ Ž’“‘•Ž§

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29

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è é âãäåæçâ åê ëì åâå íã âåê î ï ð éî åä å ã í ð ëåxë ëìð ë ñîò åï çï î ó ï ëâçäëîãó ï íã â

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