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THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PAS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENTS PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM.

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By:

Rahmi Wardha Lubis 409 332 028

Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program

THESIS

Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for Getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendididikan

CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

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iii

THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PAS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENT’S

PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM

Rahmi Wardha Lubis (409332028) ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this research to investigate the affectivity of practicum method using PAS on the teaching of colloid subject, whether the learning achievements of students who have learning by using the PAS are higher than students by using conventional methods, and the level of students sciences process skills by using PAS, also to test the feasibility of PAS guidance in the learning chemistry. The research has been conducted experimentally in MAN I Medan. This research was started from sampling process followed by pretest then the teaching treatment of the experimental method using PAS applied to the experimental class and the conventional method applied to the control class, followed by post test, process skill assessment and questionnaire. The last is analysis all of data to get the result and conclusion. Instrument for achievement test have been standardized by using validity, index of difficulty, and discriminating Power Index, and gotten 17 questions have been valid and reliable

(rcount = 0.87). Calculation of post test data obtained, the average value of post test

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LIST OF TABLE

Page

Table 2.1. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution 21

Table 2.2. Classification Based on the State of the Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium 22

Table 2.3. Distingustion between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids 23

Table 3.3. The design of research the influence of Experimental Method Using PAS Toward Student’s Process Skills and Achievement in the Colloidal System Subject 34

Table 3.4. Research time table for the influence the experimental Method using PAS to increase student’s achievement and skill in teaching colloid 43

Table 4.1. Validity 45

Table 4.2. Difficulty Level 46

Table 4.3. Discriminating Power Index 47

Table 4.4. Summary of the Instrument Test 48

Table 4.5. Data of Questionnaire of Analysis of PAS Guidance. 50

Table 4.6. Data of Pre-Test and Post-Test 50

Table 4.7. Summary Data from Result of Normality Test 52

Table 4.8. Summary Data from Result of Homogeneity Test 53

Table 4.9. Data of Student Achievement in the pre test 54

Table 4.10.Data of Data of Student Achievement in the post test 55

Table 4.11.Average Value of Gain Normalization 57

Table 4.12.Normality and Homogeneity Pre Test, Post Test and Gain 58

Table 4.13.Table of Hypothesis Result 58

Table 4.14.Student Perception to PAS Guidance 60

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viii

LIST OF FIGURE

Page

Figure 2.1. Solution, Colloid, and Suspension 20

Figure 2.2. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution 21

Figure 2.3. Tyndall effect 24

Figure 2.4. Brown motion 24

Figure 2.5. Brown motion 24

Figure 2.6. Cottrell precipitation 26

Figure 2.7. Peptization. 27

Figure 2.8. The stages of research Diagram. 35

Figure 2.9. Research Design Flow Diagram. 36

Figure 4.1. Chart of Feasibility of PAS Guidance. 49

Figure 4.2. Student Achievement in Experiment Class by Using Experimental Method by PAS. 55

Figure 4.3. Increasing of Student Achievement in Experiment Class 56

Figure 4.4. Student Achievement in Control Class by Using Conventional Method. 56

Figure 4.5. Increasing of Student Achievement in Control Class. 57

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LIST OF APPENDIX

Page

Appendix 1. Syllabi 68

Appendix 2. Lesson Plan 71

Appendix 3. Lattice of Instruments (before validation) 98

Appendix 4. Test Instrument (before validation) 99

Appendix 5. Validity Test Table 106

Appendix 6. Validity Test 108

Appendix 7. Calculation of Validity of Instrument 109

Appendix 8. Valid Items 110

Appendix 9. Reliability Test Table 111

Appendix 10. Reliability Calculation 113

Appendix 11. Index Difficulty Test Table 115

Appendix 12. Calculate Index Difficulty Instrument 117

Appendix 13. Table of Index Distinguish Instrument 119

Appendix 14. Calculated Index Distinguish Instrument 121

Appendix 15. lattice of instrument of colloid systems (After validation) 123

Appendix 16. Question Instrument after Validation 124

Appendix 17. PAS Guidance 128

Appendix 18. Observation Sheet of PAS Guidance In Laboratory 137

Appendix 19. Questionnaires of Feasibility Test for Teachers to Design of Experiment Guidance 144

Appendix 20. Analysis of Pas Guidance 145

Appendix 21. Learning outcomes data 147

Appendix 22. Homogeneity Test 154 Appendix 23. Normality Test 156

Appendix 24. Calculation Improved Learning Outcomes (Gain) 162

Appendix 25. Hypothesis Test 167

Appendix 26. Questionnaire For student perception level 168

Appendix 27. Analysis of Student Perception To PAS Guidance 169

Appendix 28. Process skills observation sheet in colloidal system material 171

Appendix 29. Calculation of process skills observation Sheet in colloidal system material 172

Appendix 30. Documentation 178

Appendix 31. Distribution of t Value’ 180

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64

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion

1. Student achievement in experiment class is higher than control class. It can

be seen from the average of post test of experiment class is 86.41 ± 6.96

while in control class is 72.95 ± 5.35.

2. The percentage of student average gain in experiment class taught by

using experimental method using PAS is 80 higher than control class

taught by using conventional method in MAN 1 Medan where the gain is

59.

3. Experimental method using PAS guidance is feasible used in teaching

chemistry on the colloidal system where the criteria level of feasibility of

PAS guidance based on teacher’s questionnaire is 85 where the criteria

level is feasible.

4. The testing of student perception to PAS guidance gotten 79.32 where the

criteria level is understand.

5. The student skill process in experimental class is 79 with the category

enough.

5.2. Suggestion

1. Experimental method using PAS can be used by chemistry teacher to

increase student achievement in colloidal system subject.

2. The result of this study stills a lot of lacking, so expected similar study

could be done to develop. Among others by conducting similar studies on

the other population or other variables.

.

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