By:
Rahmi Wardha Lubis 409 332 028
Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program
THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for Getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendididikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iii
THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PAS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENT’S
PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
Rahmi Wardha Lubis (409332028) ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this research to investigate the affectivity of practicum method using PAS on the teaching of colloid subject, whether the learning achievements of students who have learning by using the PAS are higher than students by using conventional methods, and the level of students sciences process skills by using PAS, also to test the feasibility of PAS guidance in the learning chemistry. The research has been conducted experimentally in MAN I Medan. This research was started from sampling process followed by pretest then the teaching treatment of the experimental method using PAS applied to the experimental class and the conventional method applied to the control class, followed by post test, process skill assessment and questionnaire. The last is analysis all of data to get the result and conclusion. Instrument for achievement test have been standardized by using validity, index of difficulty, and discriminating Power Index, and gotten 17 questions have been valid and reliable
(rcount = 0.87). Calculation of post test data obtained, the average value of post test
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 2.1. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution 21
Table 2.2. Classification Based on the State of the Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium 22
Table 2.3. Distingustion between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids 23
Table 3.3. The design of research the influence of Experimental Method Using PAS Toward Student’s Process Skills and Achievement in the Colloidal System Subject 34
Table 3.4. Research time table for the influence the experimental Method using PAS to increase student’s achievement and skill in teaching colloid 43
Table 4.1. Validity 45
Table 4.2. Difficulty Level 46
Table 4.3. Discriminating Power Index 47
Table 4.4. Summary of the Instrument Test 48
Table 4.5. Data of Questionnaire of Analysis of PAS Guidance. 50
Table 4.6. Data of Pre-Test and Post-Test 50
Table 4.7. Summary Data from Result of Normality Test 52
Table 4.8. Summary Data from Result of Homogeneity Test 53
Table 4.9. Data of Student Achievement in the pre test 54
Table 4.10.Data of Data of Student Achievement in the post test 55
Table 4.11.Average Value of Gain Normalization 57
Table 4.12.Normality and Homogeneity Pre Test, Post Test and Gain 58
Table 4.13.Table of Hypothesis Result 58
Table 4.14.Student Perception to PAS Guidance 60
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LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1. Solution, Colloid, and Suspension 20
Figure 2.2. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution 21
Figure 2.3. Tyndall effect 24
Figure 2.4. Brown motion 24
Figure 2.5. Brown motion 24
Figure 2.6. Cottrell precipitation 26
Figure 2.7. Peptization. 27
Figure 2.8. The stages of research Diagram. 35
Figure 2.9. Research Design Flow Diagram. 36
Figure 4.1. Chart of Feasibility of PAS Guidance. 49
Figure 4.2. Student Achievement in Experiment Class by Using Experimental Method by PAS. 55
Figure 4.3. Increasing of Student Achievement in Experiment Class 56
Figure 4.4. Student Achievement in Control Class by Using Conventional Method. 56
Figure 4.5. Increasing of Student Achievement in Control Class. 57
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1. Syllabi 68
Appendix 2. Lesson Plan 71
Appendix 3. Lattice of Instruments (before validation) 98
Appendix 4. Test Instrument (before validation) 99
Appendix 5. Validity Test Table 106
Appendix 6. Validity Test 108
Appendix 7. Calculation of Validity of Instrument 109
Appendix 8. Valid Items 110
Appendix 9. Reliability Test Table 111
Appendix 10. Reliability Calculation 113
Appendix 11. Index Difficulty Test Table 115
Appendix 12. Calculate Index Difficulty Instrument 117
Appendix 13. Table of Index Distinguish Instrument 119
Appendix 14. Calculated Index Distinguish Instrument 121
Appendix 15. lattice of instrument of colloid systems (After validation) 123
Appendix 16. Question Instrument after Validation 124
Appendix 17. PAS Guidance 128
Appendix 18. Observation Sheet of PAS Guidance In Laboratory 137
Appendix 19. Questionnaires of Feasibility Test for Teachers to Design of Experiment Guidance 144
Appendix 20. Analysis of Pas Guidance 145
Appendix 21. Learning outcomes data 147
Appendix 22. Homogeneity Test 154 Appendix 23. Normality Test 156
Appendix 24. Calculation Improved Learning Outcomes (Gain) 162
Appendix 25. Hypothesis Test 167
Appendix 26. Questionnaire For student perception level 168
Appendix 27. Analysis of Student Perception To PAS Guidance 169
Appendix 28. Process skills observation sheet in colloidal system material 171
Appendix 29. Calculation of process skills observation Sheet in colloidal system material 172
Appendix 30. Documentation 178
Appendix 31. Distribution of t Value’ 180
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion
1. Student achievement in experiment class is higher than control class. It can
be seen from the average of post test of experiment class is 86.41 ± 6.96
while in control class is 72.95 ± 5.35.
2. The percentage of student average gain in experiment class taught by
using experimental method using PAS is 80 higher than control class
taught by using conventional method in MAN 1 Medan where the gain is
59.
3. Experimental method using PAS guidance is feasible used in teaching
chemistry on the colloidal system where the criteria level of feasibility of
PAS guidance based on teacher’s questionnaire is 85 where the criteria
level is feasible.
4. The testing of student perception to PAS guidance gotten 79.32 where the
criteria level is understand.
5. The student skill process in experimental class is 79 with the category
enough.
5.2. Suggestion
1. Experimental method using PAS can be used by chemistry teacher to
increase student achievement in colloidal system subject.
2. The result of this study stills a lot of lacking, so expected similar study
could be done to develop. Among others by conducting similar studies on
the other population or other variables.
.
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