T
C
E
F
F
E
E
H
T
O
F
A
M
E
R
I
C
A
N
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
T
O
W
A
R
D
N
A
T
I
V
E
N
A
C
I
R
E
M
A
S
’
P
E
R
S
P
E
C
T
I
V
E
O
N
T
H
E
I
R
O
W
N
I
D
E
N
T
I
T
Y
A
N
D
N
I
S
R
E
T
C
A
R
A
H
C
E
H
T
H
G
U
O
R
H
T
N
E
E
S
S
A
E
R
U
T
L
U
C
S
’
E
I
X
E
L
A
N
A
M
R
E
H
S
R
E
S
E
R
V
A
T
I
O
N
B
L
U
E
S
S I S E H T E T A U D A R G R E D N U N A
s t n e m e ri u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
f o e e r g e D e h t r o
f SarjanaSastra s
r e tt e L h s il g n E n i
y B
O N O I D U B A N I R A K
7 1 0 4 1 2 4 8 0 : r e b m u n t n e d u t S
E M M A R G O R P Y D U T S S R E T T E L H S I L G N E
S R E T T E L H S I L G N E F O T N E M T R A P E D
S R E T T E L F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
i
T
C
E
F
F
E
E
H
T
O
F
A
M
E
R
I
C
A
N
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
T
O
W
A
R
D
N
A
T
I
V
E
N
A
C
I
R
E
M
A
S
’
P
E
R
S
P
E
C
T
I
V
E
O
N
T
H
E
I
R
O
W
N
I
D
E
N
T
I
T
Y
A
N
D
N
I
S
R
E
T
C
A
R
A
H
C
E
H
T
H
G
U
O
R
H
T
N
E
E
S
S
A
E
R
U
T
L
U
C
S
’
E
I
X
E
L
A
N
A
M
R
E
H
S
R
E
S
E
R
V
A
T
I
O
N
B
L
U
E
S
S I S E H T E T A U D A R G R E D N U N A
s t n e m e ri u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
f o e e r g e D e h t r o
f SarjanaSastra s
r e tt e L h s il g n E n i
y B
O N O I D U B A N I R A K
7 1 0 4 1 2 4 8 0 : r e b m u n t n e d u t S
E M M A R G O R P Y D U T S S R E T T E L H S I L G N E
S R E T T E L H S I L G N E F O T N E M T R A P E D
S R E T T E L F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
ii
v i
A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L ILMIAH
I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N
U S
a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s e v i n U a w s i s a h a m a y a s ,i n i h a w a b i d n a g n a t a d n a tr e b g n a Y
Nama :Ka irnaBudiono m
o
N o rMahasiswa :084214017
n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n it n e p e k i m e D
k a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n
U arya limiahs ayayangbe jrudu:l
N A C I R E M A E V I T A N D R A W O T N O I T A Z I N A C I R E M A F O T C E F F E E H
T S ’
R I E H T N O E V I T C E P S R E
P OWNIDENTITYANDCULTUREASSEEN
R E T C A R A H C E H T H G U O R H
T S INSHERMANALEXIE’SRESERVATION S
E U L B
n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . ) a d a a li b ( n a k u lr e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a tr e s e b
, n a p m i y n e m k u t n u k a h a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k
n a k h il a g n e
m ,dalam bentuk media l ain ,mengelolanya dalambentukpangkalan data , n i a l a i d e m u a t a t e n r e t n i i d a y n n a k i s a k i b u l p m e m n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m
u lr e p a p n a t s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n
u meminta i ijndar isayamaupun membe irkan t
e t a m a l e s a y a s a d a p e k y tl a y o
r apmencantumnkannamas ayas ebaga ipenuil .s
. a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s i n i n a a t a y n r e p h a l n a i k i m e D
a tr a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D
il u J 5 2 : l a g g n a t a d a
P 2014
, n a k a t a y n e m g n a Y
u B a n ir a
v
Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T S
s n i a t n o c s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t t a h t y fi tr e c
I nomate ira lwhichha sbeenpreviously f o t s e b e h t o t ,t a h t d n a , y ti s r e v i n u y n a t a e e r g e d r e h t o y n a f o d r a w a e h t r o f d e tt i m b u s
y b n e tt ir w y l s u o i v e r p l a ir e t a m o n n i a t n o c s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t , e g d e l w o n k y m
m s i e c n e r e f e r e u d e r e h w t p e c x e n o s r e p r e h t o y n
a adei n t het ex toft heundergraduate s
i s e h t
Yogyaka tra,J une24 ,2014
i v
,
n
o
o
m
e
h
t
d
n
a
,
r
e
w
o
l
f
,
s
k
o
o
b
,
m
o
d
e
e
r
f
h
t
i
w
?
y
p
p
a
h
e
b
t
o
n
d
l
u
o
c
o
h
w
)
e
d
l
i
w
r
a
c
s
o
(
ii v
y
m
r
o
F
b
e
ol
v
e
d
p
a
er
tn
s
r
e
ht
o
m
t
se
r
a
e
d
y
m
yl
ii i v
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A t
s ri
F , Iwant t o expres smy great grat tiudet o Jesu sCh irst f o rHi seve lrasitng k
n a h t I . g n i s s e l
b fo ralway silsteni ngmyprayer sandhelpi ngmedu irngdfi ifcul titme . y m s s e r p x e o t t n a w o s l a I . d e h s i n if e b r e v e n d l u o w s i s e h t s i h t , g n i s s e l b s i H t u o h ti W
t n e r a p y m d r a w o t e d u ti t a r
g sfo ralway sgivingme spi ir tand suppo tri ng me i n many .
s y a w
Ialso expres smydeepes tgrattiudet omyadvisor ,Drs .HrimawanWjianarka , ,.
m u H .
M who help sme finish my undergraduate t hesis .It hank for all t he paitence , it
ir w e h t g n ir u d n o it s e g g u s d n a , p l e h , e c n a d i u
g ng o fmy t hesis . Ialso t hank my co- ,r
o s i v d
a Dew iWidyastut iS.Pd, M.Hum,fo rcorrecitng myt hesi sand giving opinion
.r e tt e b t i e k a m o
t Also fo ral lmyl ecturersi n EngilshLetter sDepatrmen ,tt hankyou r
o
f teachingandgivingmeal o to fknowledge. o
t l u f k n a h t m a I , n e h
T my bes tf irends Anna ,Cecli ,and Vtia fo ral lthei r o
t o s l A . s p l e h d n a t r o p p u
s my beloved f irend Jessica , Iam thankful fo ralway s g
n i v i g , m e l b o r p y m o t g n i n e t s
il grea tadvice ,and sha ir ng a l o to fhappy moment . I o
s l
a thank to my two lti lte sister sfo runderstanding me and giving me a suppor.t y
m l l a , y ll a n i
F f irend sfrom Engilsh Letter s2008 ,I am thank them fo ral lthe
. r e h t e g o t e r a h s e w p i h s d n e ir
f
x i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ... i ....
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ... ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ... i ii I
S A K I L B U P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L ……… v i
T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S Y………. . v
E G A P O T T O
M ... vi
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... vii K
C
A NOWLEDGEMENTS………... viii
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... xi
T C A R T S B
A ... .... xi
K A R T S B
A ... x ii
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ... 1 .. .
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .. .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy ... 4 .... .
D De ifniitono fTerms ... 5
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ... 7 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies ... 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires ... 1 0 .
1 Theoryo fCharacterandCharacte irzaiton ... 1 0 .
2 Theoryo fAme ircanizaiton ... 1 3 .
C Reviewont heHistoryandCutlureofNaitveAme ircan………….. 18 .
1 NaitveAme ircanCutlure……… 18 .
2 NaitveAme ircani nModernTime……….. 20 .
D Theoreitca lFramework ... .... 2 3 Y
G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ... 2 4 .
A Objec toft heStudy ... 2 4 .
B Approachoft heStudy ... .... 2 5 .
C Methodoft heStudy ... 2 6 S
I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H C
.
A TheCharacteirsitc soft he Characters... 2 8 .
1 TheCharacteirsitc sof Thoma sBulidt heFrie ... 2 8 .
2 TheCharacteirsitc so fVictorJ oseph ... 3 1 .
x .
B TheMethodo fAme ircanizaitononNaitveAme ircanCharacters .... 3 5 .
1 PopCutlure………. 53 .
2 Boardings chool……….. 83 .
3 Reservaiton………. 9 3 .
C TheEffec to fAme ircanizaitont owardNaitveAme ircanPerspecitve s
r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h t n e e S s a y ti t n e d I d n a e r u tl u C r i e h t n
o ... 4 2
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ... 4 8 Y
H P A R G O I L B I
B ... 15 I
D N E P P
1
CHAPTERI N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h
T e i sa composiiton o fstory ,which expresses the idea s
n o it c e lf e r a s i h c i h w , r o h t u a e h t m o r
f fo theauthor’ sexpe irence so ro fhi so rherl fie
k o o b r i e h t n i , n e r r a W n it s u A d n a k e ll e W e n e R o t g n i d r o c c A . d n u o r g k c a
b Theory o f
e r u t a r e ti
l showst hatt heworkofl tieraturer epresentsl fiea sar ealtiy . tIi sar e lfeciton
l b o r p , n o it a u ti s n a m u h s n i a t n o c k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t e s u a c e b e fi l n a m u h f
o em feeilngs ,
p i h s n o it a l e r d n
a (WellekandWarren ,1996:96).
a g n i d a e
R work o fl tierature can en irch ou rknowledge .Ltierature contains
e m e h t y n a
m s tostudy .Somet hemesi nl tieraturewhichther eade rcange tarehistory ,
r a e l n a c e W . c t e , y ti t n e d i , e r u tl u
c n cutlure and history o fa counrty wtih reading a
. e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o
w Everycounrtyhast hei rdfiferen tuniquecutlure .Thei rcutlurebuli t
d n a s r o t s e c n a r i e h t m o r f e r u tl u c r i e h t t e g y e h T . s n o it a r e n e g o t s n o it a r e n e g y n a m m o r f
. e v it a n l a c o
l Cutlure according T irandis ,in book Cutlure ,Sefl-Identtiy ,and Work
t a h t e n if e
d “Cutlure si sa subjecitve percepiton o fthe human- made par to fthe
.) 1 4 : 3 9 9 1 , y lr a E d n a z e r E ( ” t n e m n o ri v n e
a c ir e m
A i sone o fthe bigges tcount ires ,which have many cutlures .I tha s
b u s y n a
m cutlures ,which i scome from naitve and immigrant .One o fthe bigges t
m o r f s e m o c a c ir e m A n i s e r u tl u
c NaitveAme ircans. Thei rcutlurealso canbe ifnd ni
e r u t a r e ti l n a c ir e m
e r u t a r e ti L n a c i r e m
A showtha tAme ircanl tieraturebegin swtihmyth ,sl egend ,stales ,
u c n a i d n I f o s c ir y l d n
a tlure s(1994:3.) Naitve Ameircan also cont irbutes i n modern
. a c ir e m A n i n i a t n u o m d n a , s e k a l ,r e v ir , s e t a t s 7 2 f o s e m a n , e r u tl u c
, t s a p e h t n i k c a
B NaitveAme ircans dh a a l ong history ,which i salso p fa tr o
e h
t history o fEa lry Ame irca .In the earile rpe irod fo Ame irca o rcalled et h N ew
e ti h w e h t , d lr o
W manwhowasalsoknowna sCh irstophe rColumbu scameandcalled
.s n a i d n I m e h
t In the fris tdecade so fset ltemen tin Ame irca ,the Naitve Ameircans
r e d i s n o
c e d a sa barba iran t irbe who follow a forbidden reilgion. Columbu st ired to
. y ti n a it s ir h C o t n i n a i d n I n a c ir e m A e v it a N e h t t r e v n o
c The wa rbetween Naitve
n a c ir e m
A s and colonis thappen because o fthe incursion so fcolonis tinto thei r
. y r o ti r r e
t Many of Naitve Ame ircans died because o fwa rand disease .Naitve
s n a c ir e m
A d id no thave immune system when disease ilke measle so rsmallpox
. ) 0 4 : 9 0 0 2 , d n a g e i W ( s k c a tt a
r a e y e h t n
I s fo 1607unit l1700,theEngilshcoloniesestabilshedt hemselve sin
a c ir e m
A .Adventure r name s John Smtih managed to make friend wtih Naitve
n a c ir e m
A s Powhantan,t he chie fof t he l oca lNaitve Ame ircans. In t he yea ro f1794 ,
k c a tt a s p o o rt s ’ e n y a
W ed Naitve Ame ircans villagesand desrtoy t hei rcop ( Wiegand ,
) 0 0 1 : 9 0 0
2 .
h n i l a n i g ir o e h t s
A abtiantsi nNo trhAme irca,t heNaitveAme ircans w erepar t
e g d u j s n a c ir e m A e ti h W . n o it a n f o y r o t s e h t f
o d theNaitveAme ircans sh a achieved a
e m u s s a e l p o e P . n o it a z il i v i c f o l e v e
l d t ha tNaitve Ame ircans soon would absorb t he
. n o it a z il i v i c e ti h w f o t if e n e
tl u c e ti h w d a e r p
s ure among Naitve Ame ircans t irbes .Unfo trunately , the wh tie
o t t c e f f e e d i s d a b d a h s e r u tl u
c Naitve Ameircans paritcula lrythe alcoho leffect .The
e h t o t t c e f f e e v it a g e n e d a m l o h o c l
a NaitveAme ircans da n becamea se irou sproblem
. w o n l it n u
s s e r g n o c e h t , 0 3 8 1 n
I setlted the Indian Remova lAc twhich is a an c tto
e v o m e
r Naitve Ame ircans from thei rhomeland and send them to the Mississipp i
, r a w l i v i c e h t r e tf A . i p p i s s i s s i M e h t f o t s e w o t r e v i
R thegovernmen traised thei deat o
e lt t e
s NaitveAme ircans to t her eservaiton sot heycould endt heri t irba lrtadiiton and
e c r o
f d toadop twhtieways( Archdeacon,1983:70- )7 1
n
U it lnow ,Naitve Ame ircans its l l ilve in reservaitons ,which ea r r d ule by
d e t a t s d e ti n
u epa trmen toft he Inte iror’ sBureau o fIndian Affaris .Reservaiton Blues
fi l e h t s w o h
s e o fNaitveAme ircans ni er res vaiton .The nove lalsodesc irbes thehard
f o e fi
l Naitve Ame ircans t hat adop tthe whtie way sand cutlure ,which is the side
. n o it a z i n a c ir e m A f o t c e f f
e Thi snove lalso t ells t he i ssue of Naitve Ame ircans w ho
d e n i a t n i a
m thei rown cutlure andt heri i denttiy as I ndian sunder t heAme ircanizaiton
.t n e m e v o m
s i h
T study want sto analyze the effec to fAmeircanizaiton toward Naitve
n a c ir e m
A s cutlure and identtiy .The effec tcan be see through how the characte r
e v a h e
b s or r eacts on t her eservaitoni ssue andcharacter slfie expeirence thatt heyge t
. y t e i c o s e ti h w g n o m a d n a n o it a v r e s e r n i s e v il r i e h t m o r
f The analysi sfrom the
.
B ProblemFormula iton
d e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r e h t e z y l a n a d n a r e w s n a o t r e d r o n
I three
e u
q sitons asf ollows:
.
1 How are the Naitve Ame ircan characters desc irbed in Sherman Alexie’ s
? e u l B n o it a v r e s e R
.
2 Wha t are the method s o f Ame ircanizaiton expeirenced yb et h Naitve
n a c ir e m
A characters inShermanAlexieReservaitonBlues?
.
3 Wha taret heeffect so fAme ircanizaiton ot wardt he NaitveAme ircancutlure s
y ti t n e d i d n
a seen through the characters in Sherman Alexie Reservaiton
s e u l
B ?
.
C Objec itve soft heStudy
s i y d u t s s i h t f o e s o p r u p n i a m e h
T to answer t hose t hree quesitons tha thave
n e e
b formulated abovet ounderstandt hestorywell .Thef ris tobjecitvequesitonist o
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e
d o fthe character sin the story. The desc irpiton o fthe
h e b y e h t w o h t u o d n if o t e s u s i r e t c a r a h
c ave t oward thei rown i denttiy and cutlure .
e v it c e j b o d n o c e s e h
T quesit on is t o identfiy wha tkind o fAme ircanizaiton faced i n
. y r o t s e h
t Then,t het hridobjecitvequesitonist orevealt heeffec to fAmeircanizaiton
n a c ir e m A e v it a N d r a w o
.
D De ifni itono fTerm
r e ti r w e h t ,s i s y l a n a e h t d n a e lt it e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e r a e l c n i a t b o o t r e d r o n I
s e n if e
d someoft hekeyword .s
.
1 Americaniza iton: Ameircanizaiton in Becoming American : An Ethnic y
r o t s i
H i sdesc irbed a s“ an idea of naitve people learned abou tAme irca custom ,
n a c ir e m A h ti w n o it i d a rt l a b ir t e g r e m o t e l b a e b l li w y e h t o s , e r u tl u c d n a , s e u l a v
r u tl u
c e andcanj oint hemajortiyofs ociety” (Archdeacon ,1983:57). .
2 Perspec itve :Accordingt oOxfordAdvancedLearner’ sDicitonaryo fCurren t h
s il g n
E ,perspecitve de ifne sa sa paritcula ratttiude toward something o ra way o f
.) 3 4 9 : 0 0 0 2 , y b n r o H ( g n i h t e m o s t u o b a g n i k n i h t
.
3 Na itveAmericans :GenerallyNaitveAme ircansi sdescirbeda sacceptedr ace k o o b r e h n i e r o m h s a C s s il E . a c ir e m A h tr o N n i y ll a i c e p s e s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i f o
c i n h t E d n a e c a R f o a i d e p o l c y c n
E de ifne sNaitve Ameircan sa s“the consrtucted
a c ir e m A e h t n i s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i f o y r o g e t a
c stha thave survived 500 year so f
t s u a c o l o h , m s il a i n o l o c l a n r e t n i , n o it a n i m o d l a r u tl u c n a c ir e m A n e h t d n a n a e p o r u
E -ilke
, e n il c e d c i h p a r g o m e
d andl atelya ilmtiedr esurgence”( Cashmore ,2004:21).
.
4 Na itve American Identtiy : According to Billard , the Naitve Ame ircan o t n o it a l e r n i fl e s m i h f o n o it p e c r e p n i a tr e c , g n i h t n i a tr e c y b d e h s i u g n it s i d s i y ti t n e d i
y e h T . y ti t n e d i c if i c e p s n w o r i e h t e m o s e v a h s n a c ir e m A e v it a N . m i h d n u o r a d lr o w e h t
h tr a e e h t o t n o it a l e r d o o g n i d n a t
s ,t heystandi n goodr elaitont oGod ,andtheystand
o o g n
.
5 Cutlure : There are va irou sde ifniiton so fcu tlure .One widely accepted d
e lt it n e k o o b n i , n h o h k c u l K e d y l C y b d e t a t s , e r u tl u c f o n o it i n if e
d Cutlure ,Sefl
-k r o W d n a , y ti t n e d
I ,de ifned that “Cutlure consis tin patterned way so fthinking ,
e h t g n it u ti t s n o c , s l o b m y s y b y l n i a m d e tt i m s n a rt d n a d e ri u q c a , g n it c a e r , g n il e e f
; s t c a fi tr a n i s t n e m i d o b m e r i e h t g n i d u l c n i ,s p u o r g n a m u h f o s t n e m e v e i h c a e v it c n it s i d
i d a rt f o t s i s n o c e r u tl u c f o e r o c l a it n e s s e e h
t itona l(histo ircally deirved and selected )
: 3 9 9 1 , y lr a E d n a z e r E ( ” s e u l a v d e h c a tt a r i e h t y ll a i c e p s e d n a s a e d
7
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
t f o t r a p t s ri f e h t n
I hi schapte ,rt he wrtiert ires to r eviewsome r elatedstudie s
,t r a p d n o c e s e h T . s i s y l a n a h ti w d e t a l e r h c i h w n o it a m r o f n i d n a m s i c it ir c n i a t n o c t a h t
e m o s w e i v e r o t s e ir t o s l a r e ti r w e h
t theo ire stha tare u d se to answe rthe problem
n o it a l u m r o
f .The l as tpa tr ,whichi s t heoreitcal f rameworkt he wrtie ,rt ires t oexplain
.s e i d u t s e h t e z y l a n a o t tr o p p u s ll i w s e ir o e h t e h t w o h
.
A ReviewonRelatedStudies
s e u l B n o it a v r e s e
R i sanove lw irttenbySherman Alexie. Sherman Alexie i sa s
e b ir t e n a k o p S m o r f n a c ir e m A e v it a
N and he spen thi syouth in reservaiton .He i s
. r o h t u a e r u t a r e ti l n a c ir e m A e v it a N s u o m a f a o s l
a In the book Outilne o fAmerican e
r u t a r e ti
L explain
e v it a N t s e g n u o y e h t s i i e x e l A n a m r e h
S -Ame ircannovelist t oachievenaitona l h ti w e fi l n a i d n I f o s t n u o c c a s u o r o m u h d n a l a t n e m it n e s n u s e v i g e i x e l A . e m a f
s e l c y c y r o t s s i H . e r u tl u c p o p d n a n o it i d a rt f o s e r u t x i m s u o u r g n o c n i r o f e y e n a
e d u l c n
i ReservaitonBlues(1995) ,andTheLoneRange randTontoFistifghtin n
e v a e
h ,which inspried the effecitve flim o freservaiton lfie ,Smoke Signal
y a l p n e e r c s e h t e t o r w e i x e l A h c i h w r o f ,) 8 9 9 1
( (VanSpanckeren ,1994: 152).
, e v o b a h p a r g a r a p d e t o u q e h t n o d e s a
B ti i sstated tha tSherman Alexie i san autho r
s a h o h
w aspecia lcharacte irsitci n wir itnghi snovel .ShermanAlexieno tonly wrties
l e v o
n sbu talsow irtepoems andmovies sc irpts .Hisf ris tcollecitono fpoemands hor t
d e lt it n e y r o t
s The Busines so fFancy Dancing pubilsh in 1992 .Hi snovel susually d
e b ir c s e
c s e
d irbe ,and o tfen to evaluate , the moitves ,and disposiitona lquailite s o fthe
. ) 3 4 : 9 0 0 2 ( s r e t c a r a h c
n
I An I ntroducitont o Ficiton ,Stantonstatest hat t het ermcharacter i sused i n o
h w s l a u d i v i d n i e h t s e t a n g i s e d t i , s y a w o w
t appea rin the story ;and ti er fer sto
a r o m d n a , s n o it o m e , s e ri s e d , s t s e r e t n i , s e d u ti tt a f o n o it p ir c s e
d lpirnciple so fthe
. s l a u d i v i d n
i Hecatego irzedthecharactersintot wodfiferentt ypes :maincharacte rand
d n a y r o t s e l o h w e h t e t a n i m o d y a m t a h t r e t c a r a h c a s i r e t c a r a h c r o j a M . r e t c a r a h c r o n i m
o t r e d r o n i d e t n e s e r p s i r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t , e li h w n a e M . ti n i d e t n e s e r p y lt n e u q e r f s i
,r e t c a r a h c r e h t o e h t p l e h d n a n i a l p x
e especiallyt hemajo rcharacter( 1965 :1 -7 1 8 .)
k o o b s i h n i y h p r u
M UnderstandingUnseen :Ani ntroducitont oEngilshPoetry d
n
a the Engilsh Nove l fo r Oversea s Students , stated abou t the technique s o f e
n i n e r a e r e h T . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c way sto make the characters understandable in a
. y r o t s
.
1 Persona lDesc irpiton
r e t c a r a h c f o n o it p ir c s e d e v i g o t d o h t e m s i h t s e s u r o h t u a e h
T appearance in
d n a , y d o b , e c a
f the othe rphysica lappearance sto help the reade rvisuailze the
. c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h d n a t s r e d n u d n a r e t c a r a h c
.
2 Characte ra sSeenbyAnother
r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h t , y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e d f o d a e t s n I
.s r e h t o f o s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e e h t h g u o r h
t Thi smethod can give the impression so f
.
3 Speech
n o s r e p e h t f o e n o f o r e t c a r a h c e h t o t n i t h g i s n i n a s r e d a e r e h t s e v i g r o h t u a e h T
. s y a s e l p o e p e h t t a h w h g u o r h t k o o b e h t n
i Thecharacte ro fapersoncanbeseenf rom
. n o it a s r e v n o c g n i v a h d n a k a e p s e h s / e h r e v e n e h w
.
4 Pas tLfie
r a h c a n r a e l r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y
B acter’ spast l fie,t heautho rcangive t heclue
t c e ri d y b e n o d e b n a c s i h T . r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t
r o , n o it a s r e v n o c s i h h g u o r h t , t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e p e h t h g u o r h t , r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c
. n o s r e p r e h t o n a f o m u i d e m e h t h g u o r h t
.
5 Conversaitono fOthers
e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c ’ s n o s r e p a o t e u l c s r e d a e r e h t e v i g o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h T
. m i h /r e h t u o b a y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o
c Peoplet alkabou t
t c a r a h c e h t o t e u l c a s a e v i g n e tf o y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t
o e roft heperson
.t u o b a n e k o p s
.
6 Reaciton
Give t her eader scluet o apersons ’characte rbyl etitngt her eader sknowhow
. s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h
t Theaciton sarer elatedt ohi so rhe r
.t h g u o h t r o s e v it o m
.
7 Driec tComment
c r o h t u a e h
T an desc irbe o rcommen ton a person’ scharacte rdrieclty. The
.
3 Theore itca lFramework
n e m y d a e rl a r e ti r w e h
T itoned some theo ire sabove that help the wrtie rto
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n
a .The theo ire s are the theory o f characte r and
, n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c andt heoryo fAmeircanizaiton .
h c f o y r o e h
T aracte r and characte irzaiton used to desc irbe the characters
n o s e s u c o f r e ti r w e h T . y r o t s e h t n i s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c thei ratttiudes ,acts ,and thei r
y r o e h T . s e h c e e p
s characte rand characte irzaitonused t oanalyze t hecharacters i nt he
. n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p t s ri f
n o it a z i n a c ir e m A f o y r o e h
T h s elp the wrtie rto analyze the second and th rid
e l b o r
p m formulaitons . Thi s theory h pe s l the wrtie r to revea l the method fo
e h t d n a n a c ir e m A e v it a N o t n o it a z i n a c ir e m
A effec to fAme ircanizaiton t hrough the
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o n o it p ir c s e
d . Inaddiiton,t hereviewoft heNaitveAme ircancutlure
o n a c ir e m A e v it a N t u o b a e c n e r e f e r a r e ti r w e h t s e v i
g irgina lcutlure beforei nrtoduce
. n o it a z i n a c ir e m A o
t T he review abou tNaitve Ame ircan in modern itme help sthe
d n a t s r e d n u r e ti r
w howwhtiepeople rtyt oAme ircanizeNaitveAme ircanf rom itmet o
e m
4 2
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
.
A Objec toft heStudy
s i h t f o t c e j b o e h
T study focused on the nove lReservaiton Blue sw irtten by
e i x e l A n a m r e h S . i e x e l A n a m r e h
S i sa popula rNaitve Ame ircan author .Reservaiton
.l e v o n t s ri f e i x e l A n a m r e h S s i s e u l
B He i sno tonlypubilshed nove lbu talsopoerty ,
,s e ir o t s t r o h
s andscreenplay .Someo fhi sbes twork sareTheLoneRange randTonto
n e v a e H n i t h g if t s i
F (1994) ,The Busines so fFancy Dancing (1992) ,The Toughes t
d l r o W e h t n i n a i d n
I (2000) ,and The Absolutely True Diary of a Pa tr-itme Indian ,
k o o B l a n o it a N S . U 7 0 0 2 e h t n o w d n a l e v o n l a c i h p a r g o i b o t u a i m e s s i h s i h c i h w
. e r u t a r e ti L s ’ e l p o e P g n u o Y r o f d r a w A
s e u l B n o it a v r e s e
R pubilshed i n 1995and i n 1996,i twont he Ame ircanBook
.s d r a w
A Thestoryi nt hi snoveli saboutt hej ourneyoft hecharacte rnamedThoma s
. d n a b c i s u m a d li u b o t s d n e ir f s i h d n a e ri F e h t s d li u
B Thestoryshowed t her aiseand
.s n a c ir e m A e v it a N t u o b a s e u s s i y n a m s n i a t n o c d n a , d n a b r i e h t f o s ll a f
tr e b o R h ti w d e tr a t s y r o t s e h
T Johnson’ s ar irva l a t a Spokane Indian
w n o it a v r e s e
r herehemeet sThoma sBulids t heFrie,who l ead shim t oa womanwho
n i s e v
il deep fores ttha tthe blue ssinge rha sbeen dreaming about ,Big Mom. Thi s
d e v il n a m o w y r a n i d r
o hundred so fyear soldand i ncrediblywise .Thoma sBulidst he
a t e ri
F ke sJohnson t o see Big Mom a tWellPoin tMountain ,Johnson l eave shim hi s
,r a ti u
.
B Approachoft heStudy
s e s u r e ti r w e h
T the sociocutlura lhistoirca lapproachto analyzet heproblem s
n
i thi sstudy .Thi sapproach use because t hi sstudy focuse son the cutlure, i denttiy ,
n I . d n u o r g k c a b l a c ir o t s i h d n
a Reading and Wriitng abou tLtierature stated, that t he
l a c ir o t s i h l a r u tl u c o i c o
s approach insists the only way t o locate the rea lwork i sin
e h t o t e c n e r e f e
r civiilzaiton t ha tproduced ti .They de ifne civiilzaitonas t heatttiude s
e s e h t s e k a t e r u t a r e ti l t a h t t u o t n i o p d n a e l p o e p f o p u o r g c if i c e p s a f o s n o it c a d n a
s i h T . ) 9 : 1 7 9 1 , s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R ( r e tt a m t c e j b u s s ti s a s n o it c a d n a s e d u ti tt a
p p a e h t t a h t s n a e
m roach focus t o examine t he relevancy o fciviilzaiton i n l tierature
. k r o
w Thes ociocutlura lhisto irca lapproachcontaint wofactors :Frist ,accuracyi nt he
e h t o t y li r a s s e c e n t o n t u b , n a ir o t s i h e h t o t e u l a v f o s i s t c a f l a c ir o t s i h f o n o it a t n e s e r p
e S . r o h t u
a cond ,a work o fltierature migh thave histo irca lsigni ifcance ,bu tno t
e c n a c if i n g i s y r a r e ti l y li r a s s e c e
n matter( Rohrberge randWoods ,1971 :11) .
, e r o m r e h tr u
F the rtadiitona lhisto irca lapproach to ltierature usually take s
c o i c o s e h t f o t c e p s a e m o s s i s a
b utlura lframe o freference ,combining i twtih an
. y r o t s i h y r a r e ti l n i t s e r e t n i d n a f o e g d e l w o n k s a l l e w s a l a c i h p a r g o i b e h t n i t s e r e t n i
o t n o it a l e r n i k r o w e h t o s l a t u b f l e s ti k r o w e h t y l n o t o n d e n i m a x e c it ir c l a c ir o t s i h e h T
o t r o r o h t u a e m a s e h t y b s r e h t
o work so fsimlia rkind .There i salso a phliosophyo f
s s e r p x e e b n a c h c i h w , e fi
l and viewed in mora lterms (Rohrberge rand Woods ,
: 1 7 9
h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i h l a r u tl u c o i c o s e h
T i srelevant t o t he nove lbecause i twli l
m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t r e ti r w e h t p l e
h formulaitons , which are related to
d n a n o it a z i n a c ir e m
A Naitve Ame ircan perspecitve on t heri i denttiy and cutlure .The
a x e l li w r e ti r
w mine the Naitve Ame ircan cutlure ,identtiy, and Ame ircanizaiton
c e h t h g u o r h
t haracters .Therefore,t hi sapproachi si mpo trantt obeusedi nt hiss tudy.
.
C Methodoft heStudy
e h
T method of t hi sstudy wa s ilbrary research .The wrtie rread ,gathe rsome
a m r o f n i d n a a t a
d itonf romapprop iratebook swhicharerelatedwtiht hesubjec toft he
e h t , n o it a m r o f n i l u f e s u e r o m t e g o T . y d u t
s wrtier collected some data from i nternet ,
s a w h c i h
w notf oundint hebook.
l e v o n e h t s a w y d u t s e h t f o a t a d y r a m ir p e h
T ReservaitonBlues .Theothe rdata
e r e
w takenf rom books ,aritcle ,encyclopedia,j ournal ,anddicitonary .Thewrtie ralso
h c i h w d e h c a o r p p a d n a y r o e h t t n a tr o p m i e m o s d e t c e ll o
c si eu d s in thi sstudy .The
n o it a z i n a c ir e m A f o y r o e h t d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e r e w s e ir o e h
t .Theapproach
u o
w ld eu s sociocutlura lhisto irca lapproach.
s i h t n i p e t s t s ri f e h
T study wa sreading and understanding t he nove ldeeply .
s e e h t d n if o t d e ir t r e ti r w e h
T senital i ssuei n t henove.l I n t hesecond step,the wrtie r
e b o t c i p o t e h t d e d i c e
d discussedint hestudy ,whichwast heAme ircanizaitont oward
y ti t n e d i d n a e r u tl u c n a c ir e m A e v it a
N andt ired t o ifnd r eferences t hat r elevant t o t he
c i p o
t .The thrid step created problem formulaiton to analyze the topic .The wrtie r
. n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t y r o e h t e h t d e il p p
. y r o t s e h t n i r e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n a o t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t d e s u r e ti r w e h T
, n e h
T theoryo fAme ircanizaitonhelpedt hewrtiert odesc irbeAme ircanizaitonandi t
it a N e h t d r a w o t t c e f f
e ve Ame ircanperspecitve oft heri i denttiyand cutlure. Thel as t
step oft hi sstudy wa sdrawing conclusion f romt he analysi sofproblem f ormulaiton .
s a w r e ti r w e h
T able t o draw t he way o fAme ircanizaitonand Ame ircanizaiton effec t
l e v o n n i d e t c e lf e r s
a ReservaitonBlues .
8 2
V I R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
e h t ,r e t p a h c s i h t n
I wrtie rmakes analysi sbasedon t he problem f ormulaiton s
n i d e t a t s e r a t a h
t thef ris tchapter .Therearet hreepa tr so fanalysisint hi sstudy.The
tr a p t s ri
f i sabou thow the character si desc irbed in the novel .The second p a tr
s e if it n e d
i Ameircanizaitonexpe irence.I nt he l as tpa tr,t he wrtie rshows t heeffec to f
. n a c ir e m A e v it a N o t n o it a z i n a c ir e m A
.
A T Dhe escrip itonoft heNa itveAmericanCharacters
.
1 Thoma sBulidtheFire
e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o e n o s i s a m o h
T story .He i sa Spokane t irbe
. d o o h d li h c e c n i s n o it a v r e s e r n i g n i v il s a h e h d n a n a i d n
I He ha stanned skin ;long
. e c a f e g a r e v a s a h d n a , tr o h s ,s d i a r b o t n i e d a m r i a h k c a l b
t ’ n d i d e h e s u a c e b , m i h o t n o it n e tt a h c u m d i a p r e v e n d a h n e m o w n a i d n I
e m o s e b o t d n e t e r
p tweniteth- centurywar iror ,atlernaitngbetween bilndr age t
s e r e t n i s i d d e n g i e f d n
a (A ielex ,1995 :4 .)
e b ir c s e d n o it a t o u q e h
T s tha tThomasi sanordinarymanwtihl ackofappealt oatrtac t
e H . n e m o
w preferstobecomehimsel fbettert hanpretends tobes omeoneelse.I nthe
s e v il s a m o h T , n o it a v r e s e
r in t he Governmen tHUD House wtih hi sdrunkard f ather.
e s u o h f o k c a l d n a d e h s i n if f l a h s i t i e s u a c e b e v il o t e c a l p e c i n a t o n s i e s u o h s i H
. e r u ti n r u
f “Du irng hi schlidhood ,Thoma shad slep tin the hafl-ifnished basement ,
a w r o f s t e k n a l b o w t h ti
d o o h d li h c s a m o h
T memo ires ea llr f fu o many hardships. sH i mothe rdied
r e c n a c h c a m o t s f o e s u a c e
b whenhewa sa chlid .His f athe rbecamea drunkarda tfe r
. d e i d r e h t o m s i
h Du irnghi syoungage ,Thomasf athe rwasagoodbaske tbal lplayer .
n o it a v r e s e r n i e l p o e p t a h t g n i h t e m o s e m a c e b l l a b t e k s a b n i t n e l a t r e h t a f s a m o h T
. o r e h l a b ir t s a m i h t h g u o h t d n a d e t a i c e r p p
a Thoma swaslef talonea thomewhenhi s
n i k n u r d t o g r e h t a
f somewh ere e . lse “He wasn’ tugly ,though ,jus tmarked by
d e r e m o s e k il , s s e n il e n o
l Lwas t attooed i n hi sforehead (Alexie ,1995:4 .)” Thoma s
s a
h a grea tdisappointment t oward his f ather .The deado fhi smothe rand beinglef t
n w o r g m i h e d a m r e h t a f s i h h ti w e n o l
a up a slonely and independent person. He
. e r e h t m o r f t u o t e g o t s e ir t d n a n o it a v r e s e r n i g n i v il s e k il s i d
s i s a m o h
T a poltie person and st li lfollows Indian rtadiiton beileve swhere
n a c ir e m A e v it a N r e h t o e m o
s s donotf ollowi tanymore .
a k o p S l a n o it i d a r
T nebeilevesi nr ule so fconductt ha taren’ tcollectedi ntoany e h t , s r a e y d n a s u o h t r o F . e b ir t e h t f o t s o m y b n e tt o g r o f n e e b e v a h d n a k o o b
, d e t s a e f s e n a k o p
S danced ,conductedconversaitons ,andcou tredeachothe rin n
i a tr e
c ways .Mos tIndian sdon’ tfollow those rule sanymore ,bu tThoma s t
p m e tt a e h t e d a
m (Alexie,1995:5 .)
s w o h s t
I tha tThomas adopted the way o fold rtadiitona lNaitve Ame ircan .When
a g e b d n a r e g n a rt s e h t d e p l e h e h , r e g n a rt s a t e m s a m o h
T n the fris tconversaiton .
Peoples in reservaiton t hough ttha tThoma swas a stupid person because he helped
e h
t srtanger .”Thoma sdidn’ tgamble wtih hi smoney ,bu the did gamble wtih hi s
.) 2 1 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l A ( ” o ti r r u b e v a w o r c i m a p u d e t a e h e h n e h w h c a m o t
s Whent heothe r
il b m a g o t e k il n o it a v r e s e r n i n a c ir e m A e v it a
N nganddrunk ,Thoma sprefers tospend
. y a w d o o g n i ti t n e p s d n a y l p p u s d o o f t h g u o b o t y e n o m s i
n o it a v r e s e r n
I , Thoma scalled a smisif tstorytelle ro fthe Spokane Indian
. e b ir T
s e h t o l c r u o y o t n i d e b m il c s e ir o t s e ri F e h t d li u B s a m o h
T ilke sand gave you
e n o m o r f e c n e t n e s a n e v e d e t a e p e r u o y f I . d e h c t a r c s e b t o n d l u o c t a h t s e h c ti
t r u o y , s e ir o t s e s o h t f
o hroa twa snevert hes ameagain(Alexie ,1995 :15.)
s a m o h
T ilkes to t ell t irba lstory t o othe rpeople as t he wayo fold NaitveAme ircan
t s e r a h s o t s t n a w e H .t s a p e h t t u o b a y r o t s d e r a h
s o ires t ha thave power t o heal the
g n il e e f e v it a g e
n even fii tseem spossiblebecausepeople sdono tbeilevei tanymore .
e p h g u o h t n e v
E ople in reservaiton beilef i ti sonly a bullshi tstory ,Thoma sneve r
p u e v i
g when he shared hi sstory . When face a problem Thoma swli lhandle i t
d n a y l m l a
c maturely .Thoma sactually i sa Cathoilc bu the stopped beileve in
Cathoilca tfe rexpe irencedanunpleasantt hings .
d n u o f d n a y a d e n o f o h c r u h c e h t o t t n e w I . e n i n s a w I n e h w t i u q I , w o n k u o Y
. s k o o b d n a s d r o c e r g n i n r u b s n a i d n I .s k o o b d n a s d r o c e r e h t g n i n r u b y d o b y r e v e
. e n i n t s u j s a w I f i n e v E . ti e v e il e b t ’ n d l u o c
I These are devi’l stools! The
h t a C e ti h
w oilc p ires tbellowed a shi sIndian lfock threw book sand record e
ri f e h t o t n
i (Alexie ,1995:146 .)
o l s a m o h T e d a m t n e v e t a h
T s e hi sonlypleasuredu irng chlidhood .Thoma smourned
e l p o e p n a i d n I w o h r o
f easliyburn theri f olkstory book sand I ndian recordbook .s I t
o l m i h e d a
m s ehisf atiht oGod.“’Ivespen tmywholel fiebeingi gnored . ’Imusedt o
w o h k n i h t t s u J . n e t s il o t e m o c , y a l p s u r a e h o t e m o c , w o n s u r a e h o t t n a w e l p o e p f I .t i
g n o rt s a s a h s a m o h T . ) 2 1 2 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l a ( ” s u o m a f t e g e w f i e m o c l li w y n a
m desriet o
.
2 VictorJoseph
r o t c i
V Joseph i sa rtouble make rcharacters in the novel .He i sa con ifden t
. n o s r e
p He ilkes wea irng lfashyclothe sanddonotr eallycarebythewayhelook .s tI
e t o u q g n i w o ll o f e h t n i d e t a t s s
i s
r e v e n d a h d n a s t n a p r e t s e y l o p d n a s tr i h s k li s f o l l u f f o t e s o l c a f o t h g u o b e H
t h g i e w y n a d e n i a g t ’ n d a h e H . w e n g n i h t y n a y u b o t n e h t e c n i s y e n o m y n a d a h
y l e r a b d n a d e r e tt a t e r e w s e h t o l c e h t t u b , s r a e y n e e tr i h t n
i held to hi sbody
e i x e l A
( ,1995:12).
s e il l u b y ll a u s u e h d n a y o b d a b a s i r o t c i
V Thoma sBu lid t he Frie .“Tel lme
l a s a m o h T d e z e e u q s d n a d i a s r o t c i V , r a ti u g d e n m a d d o g r u o y f o e m a n e h
t tilteharde r
) 4 1 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l A
( ”. Het alksi nr udewayand eu s s violence’si fhi sdesriei nsaitable .
s s e l b o j s i r o t c i
V and doe snotmake anymoneya tall .He i saffected by mateirails itc
e m o c e b y e n o m f o t o l s a h d n a g n i h
t oneo fhi sambiitons . Heagrees to j oin Thoma s
. e m a f d n a y e n o m m i h e v i g l li w t i e s u a c e b d n a b
o m d e t n a w r o t c i
V ney so bad t ha the alway sspen t ti t oo quick ,a s fit he few . y e n o M . e r o m g n it t e g m o r f m i h d e t n e v e r p w o h e m o s t e ll a w s i h n i s r a ll o d
t u o b a d e k l a t r o t c i v l l a s ’t a h
T (Alexie ,1995 ;19).
e
H si depends his i ncomeby ka s hisf irend t o paywha theneed. “’Imf eeilng ilke a
? r o i n u J , k n i h t u o y o d t a h W . r e e
b Le’ts knock of fealry and head fo rthe tavern
. ” ) 0 2 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l A
( When hegets t he money ,hewli lspend hi smoney t o buybee r
. k n u r d g n it t e g d n
a H irisd kn gi n habti sbecomehi sge tawayt of orge tproblemandhi s
. y a d s s e l b o
j
. y li m a f s i h m o r f e r a c a t u o h ti w p u w e r g r o t c i
V Hi sfathe rdied because o f
h ti w n i a g a d e ir r a m r e h t o m s i h d n a k c a tt a t r a e
n e r d li h c e v it a n e v a h o t e k
il .Victo ro tfen received harsh rteatmen tfrom hi swhtie
. r e h t a
f Hi sparen to tfens en tvictori ntoCathoilccampo rmissions chool .
d e r e b m e m e r e H . y li m a f s i h h ti w s e ir r e b e l k c u h g n i k c i p d e r e b m e m e r e H
e h t n o y a t s o t d e w o ll a s y o b n a i d n I r e h t o , d n e ir f s i h h ti w s e e rt g n i b m il c
s y o b n a i d n I e s o h T . n o it a v r e s e
r cilmbed the ilmb so fthree every summer )
8 4 1 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l A
( .
n a c ir e m A e v it a N r e h t o h ti w y a l p o t d e s s i m e h y o b g n u o y a s
A chlidrenin nature.I n
Mission schoo lVicto rwa scu toff f romNaitve Ame ircan cutlure .The p ires tshaved
. k r o w e s u o h o d o t m i h t h g u a t d n a d l a b o t n i ri a h k c a l b g n o l s i
h I tmadehimgrownup
o h w n o s r e p a s
a dd i no tbeileve i n NaitveAme ircan cutlure and beile fwhich stated
f e h t n
i ollowing quotaiton: “oh” ,Victo rsaid ,“don’ ttel lme she’ ssome medicine
t’ n o d t I . p a r c h c n u b l l a s ’t a h T . g n i h t e m o s r o n a m o
w work” (Alexie ,1995 ;199 .)
t c i
V o rhas modern though ta sNaitve Ame ircan also he hate thing tha tsound
. m i h r o f e s n e s n o n
r o t c i
V also prefer sto have relaitonship wtih whtie women than Na itve
. n e m o w n a c ir e m
A Event houghhavingar elaitonshipwtihwhtiewomenwerebadi n
n a c ir e m A e v it a
N women’s percepiton ,victo rstli ldid no tcare :“Who say Iwan tan
e m o s e e s I ? y a w y n a n a m o w n a i d n
I good-looking whtie woman here (Alexie ,1995 :
. ” ) 6
5 Victo ri sa person who doe sno tcare wtih othe ropinion abou thimsel fand
e h g n i h t e m o s g n i o d p e e
.
3 WarmWaterSisters
m r a W s s e h C d n a s r e k c e h
C Wate rareNaitveAme ircan women f romFlathead
s e b ir c s e d s r e k c e h C . n o it a v r e s e
r a sabeautfiul ,hardt oge,tandpopula rwomanamong
e v it a
N Ame ircan man: “Al lthe young Flathead men called he rltilte mis sNaitve
. ” ) 5 5 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l A ( g n o s g n it r u o c r i e h t o t n e t s il o t d e s u f e r l li t s e h s t u b , n a c ir e m A
h
C ecker shave brown skin and darkhai r ilke t heother so fNaitveAme ircan women.
r e t a W m r a W s s e h C r e t s i s r e d l o r e
H i sanenergeitcwoman ,havedarkeyes ,herf acei s
e h s t u b , l u fi t u a e b f l e s r e h d e r e d i s n o c r e v e n s s e h C “ : r e t s i s r e g n u o y r e h s a y tt e r p s a t o n
e k
il dherf acewel lenough”( Alexie ,1995:60) .Chessi sacon ifden twomanandcares
t u o b a e r o
m heri nnert hanoutside.I tmadeher becomemorematuret hanhers iste .r
s r e t s i s s r e t a W m r a
W grew up i n pove trycondiiton .Warm Wate rsiste rha sa
r e h t o r b e lt ti
l namedBackgammon. Thedead o ftheri ltilte brothe rbrough tmiserable
o t g n i h
t theri famliy .Theri fathe rbecame a drunke rand he rmothe rleaved them
. r e h t a f s i h h ti w r e h t e g o t d e v il n e h w e fi l d r a h a e v a h r e t s i s r e h d n a s r e k c e h C . d n i h e b
c y l e r a r r e h t a f ri e h
T amebackhomeandgavet hemf oods .
l e h
T ack o faffeciton from he rfathe rmade Checkers only date an old man :
r e v e n d n a n e m n a i d n I r e d l o e h t d e s a h c s y a w l a s r e k c e h C t a h t d e r e b m e m e r s s e h C “
y e h t t a d e k o o l n e v
e oung bucks” (Alexie ,1995:104) .Checker salso did no tmind t o
. n a m e ti h w h ti w e v o l n i g n il l a f
h e k il n
U i syounge rsister ,Ches sprefer sto date Naitve Ame ircan man .She
s a
s i e t s a t e h t d n a t a e o t e t a ir p o r p p a t o n s i ti l e e f y e h T . d o o f y ti d o m m o c t a e e t a h s d n e ir f
. e l b a r e s i m
.
C The E ffec to fAmericaniza iton t oward Na itve Americans ’ Perspec itve on
r i e h
T OwnCutlureandI denttiya sSeenthrought heCharacters
n o it a z i n a c ir e m A f o t c e f f e e h t e b ir c s e d o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t t r a p d ri h t s i h t n I
d r a w o
t Naitve Ame ircan cutlure and i denttiy. There are some effects t hat t he wrtie r
.s i s y l a n a e h t m o r f s d n if
.
1 AshamedandUncomfortablewtihTheirI denttiya sNa itveAmericans
n i e c a l p g n i e
B reservaiton made Thoma sBulid the frie and hi sf irends lose
ri e h
t spi ir ta sthe rea lNaitve Ame ircan .They are bound wtih regulaitons tha tU.S
e i c o s e ti h w m o r f r a f e v il y e h t n o it a v r e s e r n I . m e h t o t e v i g t n e m n r e v o
g tyandi tmake
. y t e i c o s e ti h w h ti w e z il a i c o s t o n n a c m e h t
e v a H . il e d e h t f o r e n w o d n a k o o c y r f e h t t a k c a b d e ll e y s s e rt i a w e h t ,t i K , y e H
d e k s a t i K ? n a e m u o y o d t a h W ? e r e h n i s n a i d n I y n a n e e s u o
y .Youmeanf rom
e ll e y s s e rt i a w e h t , d i p u t s , o N ? t a h w r o a i d n
I d .Indian s ilke in the western
g n o l a r o f d n u o r a e s o h t f o e n o n n e e s t o n m a I , h O . o m i n o r e G e k i L . s e i v o m
a e r e h t e r u s e r a u o Y . e c n o k o o b a n i w a s I . e m
it resitll I ndian saround a tall?
9 3 2 : 5 9 9 1 , e i x e l A
( ).
w n o it a v r e s e r e d i s t u o o g s s e h C d n a s a m o h T n e h
W htie people mistake them a sa
fi d m o r f e l p o e
p feren tnaitonal tiy .They think tha tNaitve Ameircan do no texis t
. e r o m y n
a ”Do youspeakEngilsh?”Ki tasked.”Le’t sge toutf romhere,”Ches ssaidt o
s a m o h
T .” (Alexie ,1995:239). Even though some whtie people recognize them a s
, n a c ir e m A e v it a
N they stli lhave assumpiton naitve Ame ircan i sstli lp irmiitve and
e g a u g n a l t n e r e f fi d h ti w k a e p
s d n e ir f s i h d n a s a m o h T e k a
m fee lthey are unacceptable in whtie society. Thomas
e h t h ti w g n it s u g s i d l e e f e r u tl u c n a c ir e m A e v it a N n i e v e il e b l li t s o h w e ri F e h t d li u B
s a n a c ir e m A e v it a N d e r u t c i p e l p o e p e ti h w e h T . e b ir t s i h e b ir c s e d e l p o e p e ti h w f o y a w
e d ir p s i h t r u h s i tI . g n o s d n a , s e ir o t s , e i v o m h g u o r h t e l p o e p m o t s u c d l o r o e g a v a s
a a s
. n a c ir e m A e v it a N a
e h
T disc irminaitont hat t hey got f rom whtiepeople madet hem l ow con ifden t
m o c n u d n
a fotrablewtiht herii denttiya sNaitveAme ircan.
; s e o h s e h t n o d e ir t s r e t a W m r a W e h t s a d e r r a t s , e l p o e p e ti h w , s r e p p o h s r e h t O
r i e h t y u b o t e v a h s d i k n a i d n I r o o p e s o h T . s e y e r i e h t n i y ti p e h t w a s s r e k c e h C
l a it n e s s e e h t r o f d i a p y e h t s a d e ir c s r e t s i s h t o B . t e k r a m r e p u s a n i s e o h
s food
s y l g u e s o h t d n a s m e
ti hoes(Alexei ,1995:137).
tl e f r e t s i s r e t a W m r a
W ashamed wtih the way whtie people look a tthem ilke a
. n o s r e p s s e l e p o
h Checkersbeginuncomfo trablewtihheridenttiyandbegini mtiaitng
. e l p o e p e ti h
w “Ij ustl ookedatt ha tblondehai randblueeye sand Iknow Iwantedt o
.) 0 4 1 : 5 9 9 1 , i e x e l A ( ” .s lr i g e ti h w e s o h t f o e n o e k il t s u j e b o t d e t n a w I . t a h t e k il k o o l
e h
S wants to be ilke whtie people w ho ilve in a nice place ,ea ta good food ,and
a n i d e s s e r
d goodway. Sher eailzedi fsheha saf ai rcomplexionandclean ilkewhtie
. n o it a v r e s e r n i e v il t o n l li w e h s , e l p o e
p I ti smade her more praising whtie people
n e h t y ti t n e d
i rh e owni denttiy.
n a d i a s r o t c i V ; n a m o w e ti h w l u fi t u a e b h ti w p u d e ll if s ’ y ti c s i h T
“ d laughed hi s
h g u a l k n u r
d .”(Alexie ,1995:233) .Victo rJoseph prefer sto date whtie woman than
. n a m o w n a c ir e m A e v it a
N He i snot i nterested fo rhaving relaitonship wtih Naitve
h p e s o J r o t c i V . n e m o w n a c ir e m
e ti h w h ti w p i h s n o it a l e
r womengive Victo rap irdet o hisi denttiytha thecanalsodo
e ti h w t a h
w people can do.Whtie peoplestli lhave negaitveprejudice t owardNaitve
? s e s a c e s e h t n i e v a h e w k n i h t u o y o d t a h W “ . d i a s r o t c i V ” .t h g ir n m a D “ . n a c ir e m A
e n i h c a
M guns? Bow sand arrows?”(Alexie ,1995:134) .Victo rJoseph expresses shi
e m a h
s feeilng ni gan e rr f o whtie people recognize his i denttiy a ssavages .He feels
g n i e b s i n a c ir e m A e v it a N s a y ti t n e d i s i
h despisedbywhtiepeople .s
.
2 Forge tTheirNa itveAmericanCutlure Va lue
d n a , h p e s o J r o t c i V , e ri F e h t d li u B s a m o h
T Warm Wate rsiste ralsohas dfi ifcutly
g n i d n if n
i job .Theyonlyge tasmallj obwhichi st hewagedoeno tenoughf o rilving.
d n e p e d y e h
T no thei r ilve from food commodtiy and gambilng.Money and pove try
l b o r p s u o ir e s a e m o c e
b em tha taffected theri lfie and cutlure value a s Naitve
n a c ir e m
A .
s i h n i s r a ll o d o w t y tr o f d a h e H . d i a s s a m o h T , y e n o m e h t e v a h I e s u a c e B
r o t c i v d n a r o i n u j n a h t e r o m h c u m , e m o h t a n e d d i h y tf if r e h t o n a d n a t e k c o p
d a
h together .Victo runderstoodt heeconomic soft hedeal ,howmoneyequal s e h t d e g n a h c e c n o l li b r a ll o d a t a h t r o o p o s n o it a v r e s e r a n o y ll a i c e p s e , r e w o p
s k l a W d i v a D . s n o it c e l e l a b ir t f o e m o c t u
o Alongwa selectedCouncliman bya
d i a p d ’ e h e s u a c e b e t o v e l g n i
s Leste rFalls Apar ta dollar t o punch t he ballo t m
i h r o
f (Alexie ,1995:46 .)
n a c ir e m A e v it a N e h t , d r a ll i B o t g n i d r o c c
A ’ s percepiton in estabilshing thei r
h c a e e t a i c e r p p a d n a p i h s n o it a l e r d o o g e d a m y e h T . e n a m u h s a w e n o y n a o t p i h s n o it a l e r
. ) 6 2 : 4 7 9 1 ( e l p o e p r e h t
o The powe ro fmoney affected the cutlural value o fthe
s r e t c a r a h
c .Thomas ,Victor ,andWarmwate rsistersr eailzehowan amoun to fmoney
. e fi l d o o g a d n a t n a w y e h t ll a m e h t e v i g n a
c The humantiy value t hat t hei rancesto r
e r o m y n a d il a v t o n s i m e h t o t t h g u a
