1 AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND THE SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
A THESIS
BY: NAZLIA
REG. NO. 100705061
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND THE SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
A THESIS BY
NAZLIA
REG. NO. 100705061
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum NIP. 195706261983032001 NIP. 195904191981022001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
3 Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on 10th July 2014.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ………. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D ………. Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum ………. Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum ……….
5 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NAZLIA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
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NAME : NAZLIA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND THE SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE OF NEWS ITEM IN SELECTED NEWS OF VOA NEWS
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, I would like to thank God, the
almighty for His blessing and mercy in guiding me to accomplish this thesis under a
title “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic Structure of News Item
in Selected News of VOA News” as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
(S.S.) in Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera
Utara.
First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana
Lubis, M.Hum and co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum for their guidance,
support, constructive comments and immense knowledge during the writing of this
thesis.
My sincere thanks also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, the Head and the
Secretary of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D, and to all of the lecturers and staffs of English Department for
the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty.
My special thanks are expressed to my family: my beloved parents, (Khatimul
Asyam and Ratna Kumala Nasution), and my younger brother and sister,
(Muhammad Khair and Shufiatul Ihda), for their love, supports and attentions to me.
They are my great motivators to accomplish this thesis.
I would also like to express my big thanks to my best friends, Erika, Emil,
Irene, Putri and Yanti, for their supports and our togetherness for four years in
studying in this faculty. My big thanks also goes to all of my friends of the year
2010, especially for Fani, Grace, Christine and Pince who have given me supports
and helps to accomplish this thesis.
Finally, the writer has to admit that this thesis is far from being perfect. Thus
any comments, suggestions, and criticisms will be humbly accepted.
May Allah SWT blesses us. Amin.
Medan, June 2014
Nazlia 100705061
9 ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic Structure of News Item in Selected News of VOA News” yang berisi kajian tentang proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika teks berita pada lima berita dengan topik yang berbeda yang dipublikasikan oleh VOA (Voice of America) melalui web resmi mereka di www.voanews.com.
Analisis ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan metode analisis data yang diterapkan adalah metode analisis data kualitatif. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis setiap klausa sederhana pada teks untuk menentukan proses-proses yang terjadi pada klausa-klausa tersebut. Kemudian, menemukan apakah proses transitivitasnya mendukung topik dari kelima berita tersebut. Selain itu, setiap teks berita dianalisis secara keseluruhan untuk menentukan struktur skematika pada teks-teks tersebut. Analisis ini menerapkan Teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik yang dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985:101) dan model analisis struktur skematika teks berita dari Gerot dan Wignell (1994:200).
Hasil analisis data yang ditemukan adalah kelima berita tersebut dibentuk oleh dominasi proses transitivitas yang berbeda-beda. Selain itu, proses transitivitasnya mendukung topik dari kelima berita tersebut. Pada topik tentang hiburan, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, mental, verbal, existential dan behavioural. Pada topik tentang politik, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, verbal dan existential. Pada topik tentang ilmu pengetahuan dan tekhnologi, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, relational, verbal dan mental. Pada topik tentang bisnis, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi yaitu: material, verbal, mental dan relational. Pada topik tentang hubungan Amerika-Timur Tengah, urutan proses-proses yang terjadi, yaitu: material, relational, verbal, mental dan exitential.
Empat dari lima berita tersebut disusun dengan skematika yang lengkap, yaitu: Newsworthy Event, Background Events dan Sources. Namun, berita dengan topik tentang hiburan tidak memiliki bagian skematika teks berita yang disebut Sources.
Kata Kunci: Teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik, Proses Transitivitas, Teks Berita, Struktur Skematika.
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled “An Analysis of Transitivity Process and the Schematic Structure of News Item in Selected News of VOA News” which talks about transitivity process and the schematic structure of news item in five news with different topics which were published by VOA through their official website in www.voanews.com.
This analysis applied qualitative method and the data analysis method applied qualitative data analysis method. This analysis was done by analyzing every simple clause of the text to identify the transitivity processes. Then, to find out whether the transitivity process supports the topics of the five news. Beside that, the whole text of every news was analyzed to identify the schematic structure of the news. This analysis applied Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory (SFLT) which is proposed by Halliday (1985:101) and the schematic structure analysis model of Gerot and Wignell (1994:200).
This analysis found that the five news are constructed by the different domination of transitivity process. Beside that, the transitivity process supports the topics of the five news. In the topic of entertaiment, the positions of the processes are: material, relational, mental, verbal, existential and behavioural. In the topic of politic, the positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal and existential. In the topic of science and technology, the positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal and mental. In the topic of business, the positions of the processes are: material, verbal, mental and relational. In the topic of America-Middle East relationship, the positions of the processes are: material, relational, verbal, mental and existential.
Four of the five news are constructed by complete schematic structure: Newsworthy Event, Background Events and Sources. However, a news about entertaiment has no part of schematic structure which is called as Sources.
11
1.2 Problems of the Study... 9
1.3 Objectives of the Study... 9
1.4 Scope of the Study ... 9
1.5 Significances of the Study ... 10
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theoretical Framework... 11
2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis ... 11
2.1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) ... 12
2.1.3 Metafunctions of Language ... 14
2.1.3.1 Ideational Function ... 14
2.1.3.2 Interpersonal Function ... 15
2.1.3.3 Textual Function ... 16
2.2 Transitivity System ... 17
2.2.1 Process Types of Transitivity ... 18
2.2.1.1 Material Process ... 18
2.2.1.2 Mental Process ... 20
2.2.1.3 Relational Process... 21
2.3.1 Schematic Structure of News Item ... 30
2.4 Relevant Studies ... 32
CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Method ... 34
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 34
3.3 Data Collecting Method... 35
3.4 Data Analysis Method ... 36
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Analysis ... 38
4.1.1 Analysis of Transitivity Process ... 38
4.1.2 Analysis of Schematic Structure ... 56
4.2 Findings ... 63
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 70
5.2 Suggestions ... 72
REFERENCES ... 73 APPENDIX I : TRANSITIVITY PROCESS
13 LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Participants List in Transitivity System ... 27
Table 4.1 The Sample of Creative Type of Material Process ... 39
Table 4.2 The Sample of Dispositive Type of Material Process ... 41
Table 4.3 The Sample of Perception Type of Mental Process ... 43
Table 4.4 The Sample of Affection Type of Mental Process ... 44
Table 4.5 The Sample of Cognition Type of Mental Process ... 45
Table 4.6 The Sample of Attributive Process ... 47
Table 4.7 The Sample of Identifying Process ... 48
Table 4.8 The Sample of Intensive Type of Relational Process ... 49
Table 4.9 The Sample of Possessive Type of Relational Process ... 51
Table 4.10 The Sample of Circumstancial Type of Relational Process ... 52
Table 4.11 The Sample of Behavioural Process ... 53
Table 4.12 The Sample of Verbal Process ... 53
Table 4.13 The Sample of Existential Process ... 55
Table 4.14 The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 1 ... 63
Table 4.15 The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 2 ... 64
Table 4.16 The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 3 ... 66
Table 4.17 The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 4 ... 67
Table 4.18 The Frequency of Transitivity Process in News 5 ... 68
