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ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
s t n e m e r i u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
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h t n i a t b O o
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S R E H C A E T F O Y T L U C A
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v i
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o k r o w e h t f o s tr a p r
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n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . ) a d a a li b ( n a k u lr e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a tr e s e b
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m am bentuk media lain ,mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan u a t a t e n r e t n I i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d
a y a s i r a d n ij i a t n i m e m u lr e p a p n a t s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u n i a l a i d e m
a m a l e s a y a s a d a p e k i tl a y o r n a k ir e b m e m n u p u a
m tetap mencantumkan namasaya
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. a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s g n a y i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e D
a tr a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D
2 1 0 2 l ir p A 3 l a g g n a t a d a P
n a k a t a y n e m g n a Y
i v
T C A R T S B A
. 2 1 0 2 , i n a h d r a W a y d i W a ir a
M The In lfuence o f the Reilgion s in the s
’l e t r a M n n a Y n i r e t c a r a h C s ’i P f o t n e m p o l e v e
D Lfieo fPi .Yogyakatra :The
e h T . n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o y tl u c a
F Depatrmen to fLanguage and
a t a n a S . m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E e h T . n o it a c u d E s tr
A Dharma
. y ti s r e v i n U
d e lt it n e s k r o w s ’l e tr a M n n a Y f o e n o s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h
T Lfie o fPi .The
i P d e m a n y o b a t u o b a s i l e v o n s i h t f o y r o t
s , who possesse sthree reilgions ;
u d n i
H ism ,Cathoilcism,I slam .In Lfieo fPi , Ican ifndoutt hatr eilgion scan help h
t emaincharacter ,Pi ot surviveint hehardes tday so fhisl fie .Hes urvivesf roma ;
k c e r w p i h
s he stay sin a lfieboa tfo ralmos tseven month stogethe rwtih a 450 -.r
e g it l a g n e B d n u o p
d e b ir c s e d s i r e t c a r a h c s ’i P w o h t u o d n if o t e r a y d u t s s i h t f o s m i a e h
T before
u d n i H ( s n o i g il e r e e r h t e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t l a e v e r o t d n a k c e r w p i h s e h
t ism ,
c il o h t a
C ism ,and Islam )o n P’i scharacte rdevelopment .Thi sstudy si a ilbrary e h t ; y d u t s s i h t g n i z y l a n a n i d e s u e r a t a h t s e c r u o s f o s d n i k o w t e r a e r e h T . y d u t s
e h t s i t s ri
f nove l tisefl t henove lLfie o fPi by Yan Ma trel .Thesecond source i s p
l e h d n a t r o p p u s d l u o c h c i h w s e l c it r a d n a s k o o
b toanswert heresearchquesitons. , s u o ir u c d n a g n i o g t u o s i i P t a h t s e d u l c n o c r e ti r w e h t ,s i s y l a n a e h t n o d e s a B
k c e r w p i h s A . e c n a d i u g d n a n o it c e t o r p y li m a f s i h n o t n e d n e p e d d n a e r u t a m m i
. tr a p a n r o t s i e fi l s i H . y li m a f s i h g n i d u l c n i p i h s e h t n i s r e g n e s s a p e h t ll a s n w o r d
a g n i h t y r e v e s e s o l e
H ndhealmos tgive sup .However ,hisr eilgion sb irngbackhi s h
t g n e rt s d n a e p o
h .Thepresenceoft hreer eilgionsi sapowerfuli n lfuenceon how d
n a s t c a i
P reacts .Atthe end ,hesuccessfully passest he rtagedy .Hebecome sa .
n o s r e p t n e d n e p e d n i d n a e r u t a m
s d r o w y e
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n a c I m o h w y d o b y n a k n a h t o t e k il d l u o w I , t s a l t
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n e v i g s a h o h
w memany suppo trin t heproces so fw iritng t hist hesis .Thanksf o r .s
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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E L T I
T PAGE... i E
G A P L A V O R P P
A S... ii ..
.. .. .. .. . Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ... i v
I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E
P ... v T
C A R T S B
A ... v i K
A R T S B
A ... v ii
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A v iii
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T . x
E T P A H
C RI I NTRODUCTION... 1 .
A Backgroundoft heStudy... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton... 2 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy... 3 .
D Benefti soft heStudy... 3 .
E De ifniitono fTerm .s... 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R I I R E T P A H
C 6
.
A Theoreitca lReview... 6 .
1 C iritca lApproach... 6 .
2 Characte randCharacteirzaiton... 7 .
3 PersonaltiyandPersonaltiyChange .s... 1 0 .
a Biologica lFactor... 1 0 .
i x .
2 GeneitcI n lfuences... 1 1 .
3 PhysiologicalI n lfuence .s... 1 2 .
b Socia lFacto .r... 1 2 .
1 Contemporaneou sSocia lIn lfuence... 1 2 .
2 Developmenta lSocialI n lfuence... 1 3 .
4 Emo iton... 13 .
B Theoreitca lFramework... 14 I
I I R E T P A H
C METHODOLOGY... 16 .
A Objec toft heStudy... 16 .
B Approachoft heStudy... 16 .
C Methodoft heStudy... 17 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S I S Y L A N A V I R E T P A H
C 18
.
A P’i sCharacter sBeforet heShipwreck... 18 .
1 OutgoingandCu irous... 2 1 .
2 Dependen tonHi sFamliyProtecitonand
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. e c n a d i u
G 2 2
.
3 Immature... 24 .
B TheI n lfuenceo fReilgion supont he r e t c a r a h C s ’i P f o t n e m p o l e v e
D s... 25 .
1 CalmandMature... 35 .
2 Independent... 36 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S N O I T S E G G U S D N A N O I S U L C N O C V R E T P A H
C 39
.
ii x .
B Suggesiton... 4 2 .
1 Suggesitonf ort heFutureResearcher .s... 4 2 .
2 Suggesitonf o rTeachingEngilsh... 4 2 ..
.. .. .s e c n e r e f e
R ... 45 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. s e c i d n e p p
A ... 48
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .i P f o e fi L f o y r a m m u S 1 x i d n e p p
A ... 49 ..
.. .. .. .l e tr a M n n a Y f o s k r o W d n a y h p a r g o i B 2 x i d n e p p
A ... 5 2
.
1 Biographyo fYannMatre.l... 5 2 .
2 Work so fYannMa tre.l... 53 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .l a ir e t a M g n i h c a e T 3 x i d n e p p
1
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s s u c s i d r e t p a h c s i h
T e sthebackground of t he study ,the reason swhy t he
e k il d l u o w r e ti r
w to discus sthet opic.I talsocontainstheproblemf ormulaiton o f
n o it i n if e d e h t d n a y d u t s e h t f o s ti f e n e b e h t , y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h t , y d u t s e h t
i t a h t s m r e t f
o susedi nt hew iritng.
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
y a l p s n o i g il e r ,s y a d a w o
N impo trantr olesi n l fieo fbliilons fo people .M tos
r p d lr o w e h t n i e l p o e p e h t f
o ofess a reilgion .More people follow the ac to f
s e h c r u h c d n a s e l p m e t ,s e u q s o m , s e u g o g a n y s t a n o it o v e
d inEas tEurope. I n many
s t s i n o i g il e r , d lr o w e h t n i s e c a l
p work togethe r to create a peacef ul wo lrd .
a e
M nwhlie ,the reilgion diverstiy become the source o funsteadines sin many
h c u s s e ir t n u o
c asi nYugoslavia ,Middle-Eas tcountires ,eveni nI ndonesia.
i s tr a p e k a t s n o i g il e
R n the mos timpo tran tmomen tin people lfie .They
h tr i b e h t e t a r b e l e
c ,state t he maturtiy ,and l egailzethemarirage and famliy l fie ,
. e fi l t x e n e h t r o f e c a p s r a e l c d n
a Reilgion sexisti n happies t itmeandi n t hemos t
. e fi l e l p o e p n i e m it t l u c if fi
d In t he itme o fgood ,reilgionst each t o alwayst hank
d a b f o e m it e h t n I .s s e n d o o g s e v i g o h w e n O e h t e s i a r p d n
a ,r eilgion smakepeople
v a s l e e
f e because the beile ftha tsomething i son thei rside no matte rwhat .
s y a w l a g n i h t e m o
S guidesthemandhelpsthemou toft hehards tiuaiton.
e n e e K l e a h c i
M (2006) state sreilgion sgive t he answe rpeople en ed on t he
m e h t e k a m t a h t s n o it s e u
? h t a e d e h t r e tf a s u o t n e p p a h l li w t a h
W ( .p )7 . They explain t hemysteires in t hi s
d e n i a l p x e e b t o n n a c h c i h w e s r e v i n
u byou rknowledge .Therearemany t hingsi n
e l p o e p d lr o w s i h
t canno tunderstand .Many t hing sarebeyond ou rcapactiy a sa
l n o e h T . n a m u
h yway t o understand i sbybeileving t hatt herei sagreate rpowe r
s l o rt n o c t a h
t everything in thi suniverse .That powe ralso inspries the greates t
. e r u t a r e ti l d n a c i s u m , s k r o w tr a e h t n i s a h c u s d lr o w s i h t n i e c e i p r e t s a m
n i d e t s e r e t n i m a
I YanMa tre’l sworkbecausehi swork dealswtihr eilgions .
n
I Lfie o fPi , Ican ifnd ou ttha treilgion scan help the main character ,Pi ,to .
e fi l s i h f o s y a d t s e d r a h e h t n i e v i v r u
s Hesurvivesf romashipwreck ,hestaysi na
0 5 4 a h ti w r e h t e g o t s h t n o m 7 t s o m l a r o f t a o b e fi
l -poundBenga litger .WhenIr ead
s a h i P t a h t k n i h t I ,l e v o n e h
t ani nteresitng characte rbecausehei sno tprofessing
e m a s e h t t a s n o i g il e r e e r h t t u b , n o i g il e r e n
o itme ;Hinduism ,Cathoilcism ,Islam .
s i tr a p g n i z a m a t s o m e h
T when t hoser eilgion shelp him t osurvivein t heseaf o r
. s h t n o m n e v e s n a h t e r o
m Thati sdfi ifcul titmet opassf o raman.
d e p p a rt e r a e w l e v o n s i h t g n i d a e r y B . r e ll e t y r o t s d o o g y r e v a s i l e tr a M
e h t ll e t l e tr a M y a w e h t t u b , l e v o n n o it c if a s i i P f o e fi L . n o it c if d n a t c a f n e e w t e b
k a m y r o t
s ei ta stii sr eal .Thes toryr unss moothlyandconvincingly.
2 0 0 2 n
I Lfie o fPi won a Man Booke rP irze and became an internaitona l s i h t y h w s i t a h T . y ti l a u q h g i h f o s i l e v o n s i h t t a h t s w o h s e z ir p s i h T . r e ll e s t s e b
d n a g n i d a e r h tr o w s i l e v o
n analyzing.
.
B ProblemFormula iton
.
1 Howi sP’i scharacte rdescirbedbeforet hes hipwreck?
.
2 Whati st hei n lfuenceo fthet hreereilgion s(Hinduism ,Catho ilci smand
) m a l s
I uponP’i scharacterdevelopment?
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
t , y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o o w t e r a e r e h
T he fris ti sto ifnd ou thow P’i s
d e b ir c s e d s i r e t c a r a h
c before the shipwreck and the second i sto revea lthe
f o e c n e u lf n
i the three reilgion s(Hinduism ,Catho ilcism ,and Islam )upon P’i s
.t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c
.
D Benefti soft heStudy
r o g n i n i a tr e t n e r o f t s u j s i l e v o n a g n i d a e r t a h t n o it p m u s s a n a s i e r e h T
e h t g n il li k r o f t s u j s i l e v o n a g n i d a e r t a h t d e t a t s e l p o e p e m o S . e r u s a e l p g n i v i g
e b o t e s l e g n i h t o n s i e r e h t , y a s n a c e w , r o , e m
it seeking in reading novel sothe r
. e r u s a e l p n a h t
y d o o M o t g n i d r o c c
A (1981),l tieraturep irmarliyaimst ogivepleasure,t o
d n a e r u s a e l p t s e t a e r g e h t t a h t s y a s o s l a e H . ti o t d n e tt a o h w e s o h t n i a tr e t n e
n o it c a f s it a
s in l tierature occur swhen i tb irng su sback t o t he reailite so fhuman
a l e r d n a , s g n il e e f , s m e l b o r p , s n o it a u ti
s itonship s(p. 2-3) .From wha tMoody had
d e t a t
s ,wecanseet ha tnovelno tonlygive spleasurebu talsomakest her eader see
e b n a m u h f o s e it il a e
r ing sand l earn something from that .From Lfieo fP iweare
n a c e W . s e u l a v n a m u h y n a m t u o d n if n a c o s l a t u b , y r o t s e h t y o j n e o t e l b a y l n o t o n
t c e p x e r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t g n i o d y
B s tha twecanbroadenanddeepenou r
o t d n a s r e h t o o t p i h s n o it a l e r r u o n i y ll a i c e p s e , s g n i e b n a m u h t u o b a e g d e l w o n k
p o l e v e d e b l li w n o i g il e r f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u e h t t a h t d e p o h o s l a s i ti , s e d i s e B . d o
G e d
d n
a i twli lhelp ust ohold ourf atih and r eilgion a sgood t eaching ,no tsomething
o
t bedebaitng.
.
E Deifni itono fTerms
e k a m o t r e d r o n i d e if ir a l c e b o t d e e n s i s e h t s i h t n i s m r e t e m o s e r a e r e h T
.s i s e h t e h t f o t n e t n o c e h t r e tt e b d n a t s r e d n u s r e d a e r
d r o w e h t s i t s ri f e h
T reilgion .According t o AjahnBrahm( 2011)r eilgioni s
n i e fi l o t g n i n a e m s e v i g h c i h w , d e s il a e r r o d e w o t s e b , m e t s y s f e il e b A “ , s a d e n if e d
. e n a d n u m e h t s d n e c s n a rt h c i h w t a h t o t n o it a l e
r ”( p.57)
e h
T secondist hewordcharacter .Accordingt oM .H .Abram s(1981)inhi s
, k o o
b A Glossary o fLtieraturyTerm characteri sdeifned as ,“Character saret he r
o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p n o s r e
p narraitvework whoarei nterpretedbyt her eade r
d n a l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b
a distoritonalquailitest ha tareexpressed i n wha t
y a s y e h
t – dialogue ,andbywhatt heydot heaciton”( p.2 0 .)Int hiss tudy,t het erm
.i P r o l e t a P r o ti l o M e n i c s i P o t s r e f e r r e t c a r a h c
Characte rdevelopmen tcan be deifned as t he growth of t he changing o fa
s ’ e r u g
if thought feeilng and behavior ,the menta land mora lquailite sin l tierary
e v i s s e c c u s h g u o r h t k r o
w pe irod o r confilct . In anothe r deifniiton , characte r
o t s e s u a c t a h t s s e c o r p n i a tr e c a f o t l u s e r a s a d e b ir c s e d e b n a c t n e m p o l e v e
.s d o ir e p e v i s s e c c u s h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c n
i In the study , the term characte r
h c s ’i P n i s e g n a h c e h t o t s r e f e r t n e m p o l e v e
6
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s e s u c o f r e t p a h c s i h
T on t het heo ires ,whicharer elated t o t hestudy .There
e r
a two main patr soft hi schapter .Fristi st he t heoreitca lreview and t he second
. k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t e h t s i tr a p
.
A Theoreitca lReview
r u o f s e s u r e ti r w e h
T theo irest o suppo tr t hi sstudy .Thefristt heory i st he
o y r o e h
t fciritca lapproach .Second, thetheory o fcharacte rand characteirzaiton .
d ri h t e h
T ist het heoryo fpersonaltiyandpersonaltiychanges .Thel asti st heoryo f
. n o it o m
e Thoset heo ire sarei mpo tranti n descirbingandanalyzingt hepersonaltiy
. e fi l s i h n o i P f o s e g n a h c
.
1 Criitca lApproach
i , ) 9 7 9 1 ( n ir e u G o t g n i d r o c c
A n orde rto evaluate ,analyze ,and interpre t
n a c e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h T . s e h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c e h t y l p p a o t d e e n e w , s k r o w y r a r e ti l
w o n k o t s r e d a e r e h t s e l b a n e o s l a t I . s y a w y n a m n i s r e d a e r s ti y b d e t a i c e r p p a e b
u j d n a d a e r o t w o
h dge al tierary work .Thi skind o fperspecitvei swha twecal l
ciritca lapproach( p .7 ) .
h o
R rberge rand Wood Jr . (1971 )present ifve approache sa sa mean o f
d n a t s r e d n u o t s n a e m e h t e d i v o r p s e h c a o r p p a e s e h T . y ll a c it ir c l e v o n e h t g n i v r e s b o
d n
o i c o S , h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i B , h c a o r p p a t s il a m r o
F -cutlura lHisto irca lapproach ,
a i e o p o h t y
m approach ,andPsychologica lapproach.
l o h c y s p f o y r o e h t s e s u h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s
P ogy in orde rto understand
e h t o t s r e f e r r o i v a h e b s ’ r e t c a r a h c h c a e t a h t d e v e il e b s i t I . s k r o w y r a r e ti l
g n i e b n a m u h f o y g o l o h c y s
p (p.13) .The wrtie rchose thi sapproach because the
a c i g o l o h c y s p h g u o r h t l e v o n e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b a t e g o t s e ir t r e ti r
w l
. e v it c e p s r e p
.
2 CharacterandCharacteriza iton
y r e v e r o f y r a s s e c e n s i ti , s e ir o t s t r o h s d n a s l e v o n s a h c u s , s k r o w y r a r e ti l n I
e h t r o f y r o t s e h t f o e g a s s e m e h t y e v n o c o t s r e t c a r a h c h c u s g n it a e r c n i r o h t u a
r e d n u o t s r e ti r w e h t r o f t n a tr o p m i s i tI . s r e d a e
r stand t he t heory o fcharacte rand
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
) 4 7 9 1 ( e n ir r e P o t g n i d r o c c
A ,reading fo rcharacte ra remore dfiifcutl t han
s u o u g i b m a d n a e l b a ir a v , x e l p m o c e r o m s i r e t c a r a h c r o f , t o l p r o f g n i d a e
r (p .66 .)
) 1 8 9 1 ( s m a r b
A alsodeifne scharacter saret hepersonst ha tpresentedi nadramaitc
, l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o
e h t n i y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a , l a n o it i s o p s i d
n o it c a r i e h t n i o d y e h t t a h w y b d n a e u g o l a i
d (p.20).
h t u
G and Rico (1981) state stha tthe theory o fcharacte rdeailng wtih
a s a d e b ir c s e d s i r e t c a r a h c t a l F . r e t c a r a h c t a lf s i t s ri f e h T . r e t c a r a h c f o e c n e r e f fi d
r e t c a r a h
c t hat ha sone-rtack personaltiy .Such one-dimensiona lcharacter sare
n o it c if r a l u p o p n i n o m m o
r o s ti b a h , m s ir e n n a m s ’ n o s r e p a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T . m s ir e n n a m s i t s a l e h T
s l a y a m h c i h w s e i s a r c n y s o i d
i ot el luss omethingabou thi scharacter(p .161-172).
.
3 PersonaltiyandPersonaltiyChanges
p ) 9 7 9 1 ( t a n o M d n a s u r a z a L o t g n i d r o c c
A ersonologist s(psychologist s
, e l b a t s y l e v it a l e r , g n i y lr e d n u e h t s a y ti l a n o s r e p f o k n i h t ) y ti l a n o s r e p y d u t s o h w
a c i g o l o h c y s
p lsrtucture sandprocessest ha torganizehuman expeirenceandshape
a s n o it c a s ’ n o s r e p
a nd reaciton sto the envrionment ( .p 1) .Wh lie according to
h s il a
K (1973) ,personaltiy i s t he dynamic organizaiton o fcharacte irsitcs .I talso
d i v i d n i l a t o t e h t o t s r e f e
r ua land include s“needs , moitves ,and method s o f
fl e s , s e it il a u q t n e m a r e p m e t , g n it s u j d
a -concepts ,role behaviour ,atttiudes ,value s
” s e it il i b a d n
a (p.52) . Kailsh (1973) also state s tha t there i s no elemen t o f
d n a t n e m e l e r e h t o y n a m o r f d e t a l o s i y ti l a n o s r e
p nothing operates i ndependen lty .
. y ti n u a s m r o f y ti l a n o s r e p f o t n e m e l e h c a e , s d r o w r e h t o n
I (p.52)
“ , k o o b e h t n
I Personaltiy” ,Lazaru sandMonat (1979) proposet wof actor s
: e r a y e h t ,t n a n i m r e t e d y ti l a n o s r e p f o
.
a Biologica lFactor
h c i h w , s r o t c a f e h
T determinet hepersonaltiyf romt hebiologicals ide ,are:
n o it u l o v E l a r u tl u C d n a l a c i g o l o i B . 1
l li t s , y l b a m u s e r p , s i d n a s s e c o r p g n i u n it n o c a s i n o it u l o v e l a c i g o l o i B
t a h t ,t s ri f : s r o t c a f o w t n o s d n e p e d n o it u l o v e g n i u n it n o c s i h T . y a d o t e c a l p g n i k a t
e b e r e h
)
2 Developmenta lSocialI n lfuence
y r e v e h t m o r f , t n e m p o l e v e d f o e s r u o c e h t r e v o t a h t s i a e d i c i s a b e h T
a s a h n o s r e p y r e v e , e fi l )l a t a n e r p n e v e y l b i s s o p d n a ( l a t a n t s o p f o s t n e m o m t s e il r a e
r e p g n i p o l e v e d e h t e c n e u lf n i h c i h w e l p o e p r e h t o h ti w s e c n e ir e p x e f o t s o
h sonaltiy
e l p m i s y r e v s i a e d i y e k e h T . e r u t c u rt
s -the person acqurie s through socia l
.s e v il e h s r o e h h c i h w n i y t e i c o s e h t f o s d r a d n a t s r o s m r o n e h t e c n e ir e p x e
.
4 Emo iton
7 0 0 2 ( k c o rt n a S n i i n r a a S d n a s o p m a C o t g n i d r o c c
A ) ,emo iton i sfeeilng ,
t a h t ,t c e f f a r
o occur swhenapersoni si nastateo ran i nteracitont hati si mpo tran t
g n i e b l l e w r e h r o s i h o t y ll a i c e p s e , r e h r o m i h o
t (p.332) .Thus ,wecan understand
f o s s e n t n a s a e l p n u r o s s e n t n a s a e l p e h t s w o h s t a h t r o i v a h e b e h t m o r f s n o it o m e e h t
r o n o it a u ti s t n e r r u
c rtansacitongivenbyothers .
e s e t a t s ) 7 0 0 2 ( , k c o rt n a
S moiton scan be posiitve o rnegaitve .Posiitve
i x n a e d u l c n i s n o it o m e e v it a g e N . e v o l d n a , y o j , m s a i s u h t n e e d u l c n i s n o it o m
e ety ,
. p ( s s e n d a s d n a , tl i u g , r e g n
a 333) .Posiitveemoiton sareuseful i n bu liding human
n o i s n e m i d y e k a s i s n o it o m e l o rt n o c o t y ti li b a e h T . p i h s n o it a l e
r o fdevelopmen t
. p
( 334) .Everybody need sto know the irgh t itme to show negaitve o rposiitve
h ti w s t n e c s e l o d a r o n e r d li h c n e tf O . s n o it o m e e s o h t l o rt n o c o t w o h d n a s n o it o m e
e r a s m e l b o r
p theywhohavedfi ifcutlymanagingt hei remoiton .s
l l a e s u a c e b s g n i e b n a m u h m o r f d e t a r a p e s e b t o n n a c n o it o m e d r o w e h T
e fi l r u o e k a m t a h t e fi l f o s r u o l o c y n a m o s e v i g s n o it o m E . ti e v a h s g n i e b n a m u h
y a m n o it o m e n A “ ) 3 7 9 1 ( h s il a K o t g n i d r o c c A . l u f r e d n o w e m o c e
m o r f l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t e z y l a n a o t . r J s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R
e h t , g n i e b n a m u h e r a s r e t c a r a h c e h t e c n i S . e v it c e p s r e p l a c i g o l o h c y s p
. s i s y l a n a f o s i s a b e h t s a d e d e e n s i e v it c e p s r e p l a c i g o l o h c y s p
o y r o e h t e h t s e s u r e ti r w e h t , d n o c e
S fcharacte rproposed by Abrams ,Guth
, n a g il li M d n a , o c i R d n
a and theoryo fcharacteirzaitonproposedbyMurphyast he
r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t e z y l a n a o t s i s a
b .Thewrtie rneedst o applytheory o fcharacte r
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n
a todeterminet hecharacter’ scondiiton .By understanding t he
r e tt e b a s n i a tt a r e ti r w e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it i n if e d
s i h o s l a d n a , g n i k n i h t f o y a w , y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u
. y r o t s e h t n i t n e m p o l e v e d
r e h t
O theo ire sused fo rthi sstudy are theory o fpersonaltiy and personaltiy
. s n o it o m e f o y r o e h t d n a s e g n a h
c The wrtier use sthe theory o fPersonaltiy and
s e g n a h C y ti l a n o s r e
P proposed by Kailsh and Lazaru sand Mona tto analyze the
t c a e r d n a n o it c
a ion o fP itoward hi sexpeirence .Thi stheory help sthe wrtie rto
T . y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t e n i m r e t e d h c i h w , r o t c a f e h t e z y l a n
a he presence o f
d n a s t c a r e t a r a h c e h t w o h n o e c n e u lf n i l u f r e w o p a s i l e v o n s i h t n i s n o i g il e r e e r h t
.s t c a e
r Thewrtie ralso usest het heory o femoiton proposed by Sanrtock ,Kailsh,
h s t u e D d n a r o l w a
L toanalyzet hecharacter’ semo iton. Thewrtie rneedst o apply
6 1
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
I IIY
G
O
L
O
D
O
H
T
E
M
s i h t n
I chapte,rt herearet hreemains ecitons .Thef rists ecitoni st heobjec t
s ’l e tr a M n a Y s e b ir c s e d h c i h w y d u t s e h t f
o Lfie o fPi as t he cente rof t he study .
h
T esecondsecitoni sr elatedt otheapproachused t o analyzet henovel .Thet hrid
i d n o it c e
s scusses ht eprocedure swhicharet akent oanalyzet henovel .
.
A Objec toft heStudy
d e lt it l e v o n a t u o b a s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h
T Lfieo fPiby Yann Matrel . tIi s
f o s t s i s n o c l e v o n e h T . 1 0 0 2 n i a d a n a C f o e s u o H m o d n a R y b d e h s il b u p y ll a n i g ir o
s i d n a s e g a p 1 0
4 divided into 100 chapters .I twa sa reilgiou snove.l Thi si sa
f o n o s e h t s a n r o b s a w e H . i P d e m a n y o b a t u o b a y r o t
s azoo owner ,so animal s
s a w e h e c n i s d n e ir f s i h e m o c e b e v a
h a chlid .Pi i svery unique because he has
e e r h
t fatihs .One day ,hi sfamliy and al lo fthe animal smove t o Canada using a
s i e r e h t , a d a n a C o t y a w r i e h t n O . p i h
s an accidentt ha tdrowns allt hepassenger s
p i h s e h t n
i ,exceptP iand aBengal itge rnamed Richard Parker .They survive i n
n i t a o b e fi l ri e h
t thePaciifcOceanf o rabou tsevenmonth s
.
B Approachoft heStudy
s i y d u t s e h t n i d e s u h c a o r p p a e h
T the Psychologica lapproach .Thi s
y B . w e i v f o t n i o p l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t m o r f l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a o t d e s u s i h c a o r p p a
s ’i P o t n o i g il e r e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t l a e v e r l li w r e ti r w e h t , h c a o r p p a s i h t g n i s u
d e s u e r a h c i h w , s e ir o e h t r e h t O . s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p s ’i P d r a w o t s i s y l a n a r e h p l e h
f o y r o e h t e h t d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h t e r a , r e ti r w e h t y b
o r p p a l a c it ir
c ach .These theo ire swere appiled to analyze the personaltiy o fP i
. a e s e h t n i s i e h e li h w
.
C Methodoft heStudy
e r e w t a h t s e c r u o s f o s d n i k o w t e r e w e r e h T . y d u t s y r a r b il a s a w y d u t s s i h T
v o n e h t fl e s ti l e v o n e h t s a w t s ri f e h t ; y d u t s s i h t g n i z y l a n a n i d e s
u e lLfieo fPi by
d n a t r o p p u s d l u o c h c i h w s e l c it r a d n a s k o o b s a w e c r u o s d n o c e s e h T . l e tr a M n a Y
. t n e m e t a t s m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t p l e h
o
T analyze the nove lthe wrtie rtook some steps .The fris tstep wa s
l a r e v e s l e v o n e h t g n i d a e
r itmes to understand the story . Second ,the wrtie r
e h t m o r f e m o c d l u o c t I . r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a n o it a m r o f n i y n a m s a d e r e h t a g
e h t s a w p e t s d ri h t e h T . e u g o l a i d e h t m o r f r o , s t h g u o h t d n a s g n il e e f s ’ r e t c a r a h c
o t r e d r o n i s e c n e r e f e r e h t r o f d e k o o l r e ti r
w a ddthesourcesr elatedt ot het heoryo f
e h t n e h w r e ti r w e h t p l e h o t l u f p l e h y r e v s a w s i h T . e r u t a r e ti l e h
t wrtie rcomes to
.l e v o n e h t f o n o i s s u c s i d e h t
y b l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c e h t d e n i m a x e r e ti r w e h t , p e t s h tr u o f e h t n I
t r e w s n a o t d e ir t r e ti r w e h t n e h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p g n i y l p p
a he problem
e h T . n o it a l u m r o
f las tstepwast hewrtie rmadeaconclusionand suggesiton f rom
” . a d a n a C o t o g l l’ I s s e u g I “
” ? a i d n I o t k c a b t o N “
. o N
“ There’ snothingt heref o rmenow .Onlys admemo ire .s”(p .399)
e h t a h t s e z il a e r i
P canno tconitnuehisl fiei nI ndiabecauset herearemany
e H . e fi l w e n a t r a t s o t a d a n a C o t o g o t s e d i c e d e H . s e ir o m e m d a
s wantst os tar thi s
y b e fi l w e
n himsel ;fhedecide swhati sgood f o rhimand whati sno tsogood f o r
y b s n o i s i c e d e k a m o t e l b a s i e h e s u a c e b t n e d n e p e d n i s i e h t a h t s w o h s i P . m i h
e r a s n o i s i c e d e h T . s g n i h t y n a m g n ir e d i s n o c h ti w n o i s i c e d e h t s e k a m e H . fl e s m i h
.s n o i s i c e d s u o e n a t n o p s t o n
P , a d a n a C n
I ibecome sagood student .Hei sont op posiitoni n hi sschoo l
s i e h e li h w e fi l s i h e u n it n o c n a c e h t a h t s e v o r p e H . s s e n r e v e l c s i h f o e s u a c e b
. e n o l a
. t S t a s p o t s a w I . fl e s y m o t y a s y a m I f i ,t n e d u t s d o o g y r e v a s a w I
f e g e ll o C s ’l e a h c i
M ou ryearsi nar ow . Igo teverypossiblestuden taward f o t n e m tr a p e D e h t m o r f e n o n t o g I f I . y g o l o o Z f o t n e m tr a p e D e h t m o r f
s i h t n i s d r a w a t n e d u t s o n e r a e r e h t e s u a c e b y l p m i s s i ti , s e i d u t S s u o i g il e R
o m n i t o n e r a y d u t s s u o i g il e r f o s d r a w e r e h t( t n e m tr a p e
d tra lhands ,weal l
)t a h t w o n
k . Iwould have received the Governo rGenera’l sAcademic h c i h w f o , d r a w a e t a u d a r g r e d n u t s e h g i h s ’ o t n o r o T f o y ti s r e v i n U e h t ,l a d e M
t o n t i e r e w , s t n e i p i c e r n e e b e v a h s n a i d a n a C s u o ir t s u ll i f o r e b m u n l l a m s o n
f e e b a r o
f -eaitngpinkboywtihaneck ilkea rtee rtunkandat emperamen t .r
e e h c d o o g e l b a r a e b n u f
o (p .6)
t s e b e h t s e v i g e H . e fi l d o o g a e k a m o t i P r o f e l c a t s b o n a t o n s i e c a l p w e n A
e fi l s i h r o
f ,he doe sno twan tto regre to fany decision she makes .He doe sno t
i e n o y n a w o n
k n Canada ,though i tdoe sno tstop him to reach achievements .I t
. e fi l s i h l o rt n o c o t y ti li b a p a c s a h e h t a h t s e t a c i d n
i H e doe sno tneed anyone to
. g o d a d n a r e t h g u a d a , n o s a , e fi w a s a h e H . a d a n a C n i y li m a f a s e k a m i P
e
H ha sno tonlycon rto lonhimsel fbu talsocon rto lonhisf amliy . tI showst ha the
t n e d n e p e d n i s i o h w n o s r e p a y l n o e s u a c e b t n e d n e p e d n i s
i darestos tar taf amliy.
r a e h I n e h w , f f o s e o h s y m g n i k a t , n w o d t n e b m a I . d e ir r a m s ’ e H
o l I ” . e fi w y m t e e m o t u o y e k il d l u o w I “ , y a s m i
h ok up and t here beside
. g n il i m s d n a d n a h r e h g n i d n e t x e , s y a s e h s ” , o ll e H “ . l e t a P . s r M . .. s i m i h
) 1 0 1 . p (
n o t o o f t e s t s u j e v ’ I . y lr a e e lt ti l a m ’
I t hecemen tstep soft hef ron t l l a b e s a b a g n ir a e w s ’ e H . r o o d t n o r f e h t t u o s t s r u b r e g a n e e t a n e h w h c r o p
o fi n
u rm and carrying basebal lequipment ,and he’ sin a hurry .When he s r e ll o h d n a d n u o r a s n r u t e H . d e lt r a t s , s k c a rt s i h n i d a e d s p o t s e h e m s e e s
s e h s u r d n a ” ,i H “ s y a s e h e m o T ” . e r e h s ’ r e ti r w e h T ! d a D “ , e s u o h e h t o t n i
) 6 1 1 . p ( .f f o
” ,r e t h g u a d r u o y s i s i h t d n A
“ Is ay.
e l b a tr o f m o c s i n i s a c c o M e r u s u o y e r a , g n il r a d a h s U . a h s U . s e Y “
” ? t a h t e k il
. d e b r u tr e p n u r o o lf e h t o t s p o lf e H . n i s a c c o M s p o r d a h s U
. y a s I ” , a h s U , o ll e H “
. p ( . g e l s i h d n i h e b m o r f e m t a s k e e p d n a r e h t a f r e h o t p u s e m o c e h S ) 7 1 1
n a c e h t a h t s e v o r p i
P bei ndependent .The rtagedyi nhisl fiedoe sno tmake
t a h t s e v e il e b e H . r e s i w d n a r e g n o rt s m i h s e k a m t i ,r e d n e r r u s d n a t n e d n o p s e d m i h
e H . e r o f e b n a h t r e tt e b e fi l s i h e k a m o t r e w o p e h t s a h e h , m i h h ti w e b s y a w l a d o G
i h T . e fi l y p p a h a e k a m o t t s e b s i h s e ir
9 3
V R E T P A H C
N O I T S E G G U S D N A N O I S U L C N O C
n i s t n e s e r p r e t p a h c s i h
T two patrs .The fris tpatr i st he conclusion o fmy
h c a e t r o f n o it s e g g u s s i tr a p d n o c e s e h t d n a l e v o n e h t f o s i s y l a n
a ing Eng ilsh and
.s e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f
.
A Conclusion
s ’l l e tr a M n a Y d e z y l a n a d n a d a e r g n i v a
H Lfie o f Pi , I come to the .
s i s y l a n a e h t f o n o i s u l c n o
c The fris ti sthe characte rdescirpiton o fP iand the
d r e t c a r a h c s ’i P n i s n o i g il e r e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t s i d n o c e
s evelopment .P ii sa
e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h t m o r f e l o r g i b a s y a l p e h e c n i s l e v o n s i h t n i r e t c a r a h c r o j a m
s i i P . y r o t
s also a growing characte rbecause hi scharacte rshow sgrowth and
s o p o r p n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d o h t e m e n i n e h t f o n e v e s s e s u y d u t s s i h T . t n e m p o l e v e
d ed
f o n o it a s r e v n o c , e fi l t s a p , h c e e p s , r e h t o y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c e r a y e h T . y h p r u M y b
. m s ir e n n a m d n a s t h g u o h t ,s n o it c a e r ,s r e h t o
d n a e v it c a n a s i i P . e l b a ti c x e d n a g n i o g t u o s a d e b ir c s e d s i r e t c a r a h c s ’i P
s i e H . y o b e v it c a rt t
a always i nterested i n learni ng many new t hings .Hisi nteres t
e d a m s g n i h t w e n n
o himt obet hef ristt ol earns wimmingi nhisf amliy.
t n e d n e p e d a s i i P . e c n a d i u g d n a n o it c e t o r p y li m a f s i h n o t n e d n e p e d s i i P
m o s s e o d e H . d li h
c ethingwtihoutt hinkingoftheconsequences ,whicho tfengive s
m e l b o r
p s up to hi sparents .P idoe sno ttel lhi sparent sabou tthe reilgion she
e h s n o i g il e r e h t m o r f n e m e s i w e e r h t e h t n e h
W possesses wa sangry a thim
k n i h t y e h t e s u a c e
b aboyshould possess onlyoner eilgion ,hisf athe rcovers him .
r e h t a f s i h r e v e n e h w , e m o h t
A get sangryathim ,healway sasks hi smothert ohelp
d n a m i
h protect him .Pii sa boy who i sdependen ton hi sfamliy proteciton; he
t a h t s e v e il e
b every itmeproblem scome, hisf amliywli lalway sbet heref o rhim.
, r e h t o r b s i h , i v a R d n a m i h s ll a c r e h t a f s i h n e h W . d li h c e r u t a m m i n a s i i P
. g n o r w g n i h t y n a o d t o n s e o d e h t a h t r e h t a f s i h o t s y a s e h , g n i h t e m o s g n il l e t r o f
h t a f s i h y h w y lt c a x e w o n k t o n s e o d e h s i t c a f e h
T e rcall shim and Rav.i I nstead ,
f o l a c i p y t a s i s e o d i P t a h W . i v a R s e s u c c a e
h achlidishperson .Heblame sothe r
t n a w t o n s e o d e h e s u a c e b e l p o e
p togeti nto rtouble .
d n a s e g n e ll a h c y n a m e r a e r e h T . g n i g n a h c s i e fi l s i h , a e s e h t t a s i i P e li h W
t a h t s m e l b o r
p change his l fie .Hel ose shi sfamliy on t he shipwreck . tI i sabad
e h n e h T . e v il o t g n il li w s i h g n i s o l d n a s y a d r o f f e ir g n i s i e H . m i h r o f k c o n k
a h ti w t a o b e fi l a n i s i e h t a h t s e z il a e
r Bengal itger .Hei sf irghtened andanxious .
t d n a e p o h s i h s e s o l e
H hinkst ha ttii sgoingt obet heendo fhisl fie.
d n a s t c a i P w o h n o e c n e u lf n i l u f r e w o p a s i s n o i g il e r e e r h t f o e c n e s e r p e h T
. s t c a e
r At t he l owe rpoin to fhisl fie ,when hel ose severything ;famliy ,firends ,
ll it s s i e H . d o G s a h e h t a h t s r e b m e m e r e h , s e p o
h ailve ,al lo fhisf amliydiedbu the
i P , t n i o p t a h t m o r f t r a t S . m i h r o f n a l p r e t a e r g a s a h d o G s n a e m t I . e v il a l li t s s i
s i h s e il e r e H . o g d l u o h s t a h t g n i h t y r e v e o g t e l o t s e ir t e H . n i a p s i h l a e h o t s n i g e b
s e p o h s i h s d li u b e h f e il e b t a h t h ti W . d o G o t e fi
l ltiltebyl tilte .Whenhi shope sare
y n a e c a f n a c e h k c a
b problemt ha tcomestohisl fie .Thereare itme swhenhef eel s
g n ir b s y a w l a e h d o G n i f e il e b s i h h ti w t u b , y l e n o l d n a w o
.
B Suggesiton
g n i z y l a n a n i r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t r o f h t o b s n o it s e g g u s e v i g o t g n i o g m a I
. s l a ir e t a m g n i h c a e t r o f s r e h c a e t e h t r o f d n a t c e j b u s e h t s a i P f o e fi L
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1 Suggesitonf ort heFutureResearchers
d e z y l a n a e v a h
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d n a s e m a n f o e c n a c if i n g i s e h t e l p m a x e r o f d e z y l a n a e b n a c t a h t s t c e p s a e m o s
t w o h , l e v o n s i h t n i g n i m a
n he idea o fsurviva lplay ou tin thi stext ,and the
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2 Suggesitonf orTeachingEngilsh
f o e n o s i t i e c n i s e g a u g n a l t n a tr o p m i n a s e m o c e b y d a e rl a h s il g n E
a h s il g n E r e t s a m o t t n a c if i n g i s s i t I . e g a u g n a l l a n o it a n r e t n
I sa communicaiton
s i ti , l o o h c s y r a t n e m e l e e c n i s t h g u a t s i h s il g n E , a i s e n o d n I n i s y a d a w o N . e g a u g n a l
t n e m n r e v o g n a i s e n o d n I t a h t s e v o r p t I . n e tr a g r e d n i k e c n i s d e c u d o rt n i n e v e
t if m u r B . e ri u q c a d l u o h s s t n e d u t s t a h t e g a u g n a l t n a tr o p m i n a s a h s il g n E s r e d i s n o c
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( 986 )state sthat ,“.. .i ti sno tnecessary to rerteat ,though ,to turn again wtih
t n e t n o c f o e c r u o s t n e i n e v n o c a h ti w s u s e d i v o r p e r u t a r e ti l r o F . e r u t a r e ti l t s e r e t n i
e s r u o c a r o
f inaf oreignl anguage...”( p. 01 -1 111)
e h t e b n a c k r o w y r a r e ti l a s a l e v o n
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n r e t S . y r e t s a m e g a u g n a l : g n i h c a e t e g a u g n a l f o l a o g e h t e v e i h c a o
t (1987) state s
, h s il g n E g n i h c a e t f o l a o g e h t n i a tt a o t d e s u e b n a c l e v o n a t a h
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p o l e v e d e b n a c t a h t s e it i v it c a y n a m e r a e r e h T . g n it ir w d n a g n i d a e
r ed around
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l Ltierature provide sexposure sto the cu tlure o f i tspeaker sby
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. k r o w e m a r f e r u t a r e ti l f o s e ir a d n u o b l a u t c e ll e t n i c it s it r a e h t
e r u t a r e ti l n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e s o l c a e e s n a c e w , n o it a n a l p x e e h t m o r F
l b a n e e r u t a r e ti L . g n i h c a e t e g a u g n a l d n
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h s il g n E r o f l a ir e t a m e v it a n r e tl a n a e b n a c l e v o n a , e r u s a e l p r o f s e d i s e B
t c e p s a g n it s e r e t n i y n a m o s s a h i P f o e fi L . g n i h c a e
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n .Howeve,rt heycanselectsomepa trs oft henove l
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A A glossary o fltierary terms .New York :Hotl ,Rinehar t .
c n I n o t s n i W d n a
. ) 7 0 0 2 ( . K , g n o rt s m r
A Sejarah Tuhan .(Zaimu lAm ,Trans). .Bandung :Penerbi t )
3 9 9 1 d e h s il b u p k r o w l a n i g ir O ( . n a z i M
. ) 1 1 0 2 ( . A , m h a r
B Hidups enangmaitt enang .EhipassikoFoundaiton. .
) 6 8 9 1 ( . R , r e tr a C & , . C , ti f m u r
B Ltierature and language teaching. London : .s
s e r P y ti s r e v i n U d r o f x O
, y e v o
C S .R.( 2005) .The8th h tiab .NewYork :FreePres .s
. ) 6 6 9 1 ( . A . J , h c s t u e
D Physiologica lpsychology. LI :TheDorseyPres .s .
) 0 7 9 1 ( . B . H , h s il g n
E A comprehensive dicitonary o f psychologica l and s
m r e t l a c it y l a n a o h c y s
p .London :Longman
. ) 6 0 0 2 ( .J , a r z
E Successt hroughcharacter( sukse smelalu ikarakter.)Yogyakatra : A in d offse.t
. ) 9 7 9 1 ( . L . W , n ir e u
G Ahandbooko fcriitca lapproachest ol tierature .NewYork : .
c n I ,r e h s il b u P w o R d n a r e p r a H
. ) 1 8 9 1 ( . P . H , h t u
G Thel tieraturehertiage.Lexington :D.C .HeathandCompany. .
) 3 7 9 1 ( . A . R , h s il a
K The psychology o fhuman behavior 3( rd ed). .Monterey : .
y n a p m o C g m i h s il b u P e l o C / s k o o r B
. ) 3 6 9 1 ( . M , r o l w a
L Personaltiyresponsiblitiy :growth and ilmtis :anexaminaiton .
n o it a n i m r e t e d l a c i g o l o h c y s p f
o London :Burn sandBate .s
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L R.S. ,&Monat ,A.( 1979) .Personaltiy . JN :PrenitceHal.l .
) 1 0 0 2 ( . Y , l e tr a
M Lfieo fPi .Ontairo :RandomHouseo fCanada. .
) 3 8 9 1 ( . I , n a g il li
M The nove l in Engilsh : An introduciton. London : The .
d t L s s e r P d n a ll i m c a M
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M Understandingunseen .London :GeorgeAllen and Unwin .
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c n I . k c i v o n a v o J e c n a r B t r u o c r a H
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P Ltierature 2( nde .) .d NewYork :
. c n I ,. o C g n i h s il b u P n a ll i m c a M
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P Human development :An emergen tscience .Tokyo :McGraw .
c n I ,l li H
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R Readingandw iritngaboutl tierature.
. c n I , e s u o H m o d n a R : k r o Y w e N
7 0 0 2 ( . W . J , k c o rt n a
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S Expanding dimension to ltierature in ESL/EFL : An .
h c a o r p p A d e t a r g r e t n
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1 Apply vairou s reading srtategies : previewing , skimming , scanning , .
g n i z ir a m m u s ,s a e d i n i a m g n i y fi t n e d i .
2 Improvel tiera land i nferenita lcomprehension by r eading vairouskind so f .s
t x e t .
3 DevelopEngilshvocabulary. .
