AN ANALYSIS OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN THE HEADLINE
NEWS OF THE JAKARTA POST
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
VANY TARSIDASARI JAMBAK
Registration Number 209520016
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
ii Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer was helped by so many beloved people and the writer would like to express her gratitude to:
1. Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. as the Rector of State University of Medan.
2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts 3. Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English and Literature
5. Her beloved family, her father, Alm. Masril; her mother, Soviah; her beloved
Grandmother, Martina; her Uncle’s family, Afrizal; and her dearest sister
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support in prayer, love, motivation and financial while accomplished this thesis.
6. Her beloved friends, SEMAK (Dewi, Hervina, Juniar, Nurul, Putri, and Siswantia), thanks for your love, happiness, and friendship. Her special thanks also go to all friends in Applied Linguistics A and B 2009, her comrades; Eka, Jojo, Cony and many others that she cannot be mentioned one by one.
7. Her best friends, Rafica Dini, and Tutia Rahmi for their support although they have separated in different majority.
8. All others whose name cannot be mentioned one by one for their help and support. Thanks for everything. May Allah bless us. Amin.
Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the improvement of this thesis later on.
Medan, February 2014 The writer
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ABSTRACT
Jambak, Vany Tarsidasari. 2014. An Analysis of Cohesive Devices Used in Headline News of the Jakarta Post. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. The Background of Study ... 1
C. The Function of Cohesion ... 19
D. Language in Media... 20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 22
A. Research Design ... 22
B. The Source of Data ... 22
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D. The Steps of Analyzing Data ... 23
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 24
A. Data Analysis ... 24
1. Reference ... 29
2. Substitution ... 32
3. Ellipsis ... 33
4. Conjunction ... 34
5. Lexical cohesion ... 37
B. Research Findings ... 39
C. Discussion ... 41
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 44
A. Conclusion ... 44
B. Suggestion ... 45
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Types of Reference ... 10 Table 4.1. The Percentages of Cohesive Devices Used in the Headline News of
the Jakarta Post ... 24 Table 4.2. The Distribution of Types of Cohesive Devices Used in the Sources of
LIST OF APPENDICES
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
The word “text” refers to any instance of language, in any medium,
that makes sense to someone who knows the language. We can produce text, when we speak or write. Halliday and Hasan (1976:1) purpose that text can be in the form of spoken or written. A spoken language is in the forms of conversation, speech, storytelling, etc. While written language is reflected in the forms of newspaper, magazine, book, etc.
Newspaper has a big influence in daily life. Newspaper is one form of written language because the news is presented in the form of article that consists of headline, lead, body and conclusion. It is a printed periodical whose purpose to deliver news and other information. The news which delivered talking about local or general news, recent occurrences, information of something that has lately taken place or something before unknown, fresh findings, and recent intelligent.
In this study, the writer uses the Jakarta Post as a source of data. Jakarta Post is the largest English newspaper in Indonesia who’s owned by PT. Bina Media Tenggara, and the head office is in Jakarta. So far over 50,000 news articles are stored in their database. Jakarta Post has three editions such
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Jakarta Post consist of various fields such as Headlines, National, Opinion, World, Business, Sports, People, etc.
Since 1994, The Jakarta Post has become the first global Indonesian newspaper under a project nicknamed “Go International”. The Jakarta Post recruits new journalists, marketing, and advertising staff on each year to keep up its reputation as independent news and to satisfy the demand of its readers. This newspaper has a goal to improve the standard of English Language media
in Indonesia and would deepen the reader’s insight into their vast archipelago
or government.
Language and text have relation each other. A language can create the meaning of a text. The unity meaning the text called cohesion. Halliday and Hasan (1976) argue that the design of cohesion in text is connected to
semantic ties or “ relations of meanings that exist within the text, and that
define it as a text” (Michael and at all, 2013:129-133). It means that cohesion can be defined as the links that hold a text together and give it meaning. The general meaning of cohesion is embodied in the concept of text. Cohesion is the most important thing needed in the cohesiveness of a text or discourse, including in the journalistic text (Fadjrin, 2011:3). It shows that cohesion helps the process of understanding by using its connective. Connective are words of phrases making the information effective in the language, so that the information will easy to understand.
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if an item previously mentioned is referred to again and dependent with another element, it is considered a tie or cohesive device. Without cohesive device, the sentences would seem lack of relationship to each other. Therefore cohesive devices hold big influence within the text. Cohesive device will help the participants in interpreting a text. The cohesive devices are tools that when used appropriately enalbe the writer to hang sentences and text segments together (Fakeuade and Sharndama, 2012:300-318).
Written text will be conceived of as the written record of a potential communicative event, or one meaningful part of it, where the intended mode of communication between writer and reader is written word (Moreno, 2003:111-165). In presenting an article, the writer must be able to arrange the ideas within the text so that the reader can get the same understanding with him. Because, when we read a text, rarely happens that the people sometimes repeat what the previous already stated in order to avoid misunderstanding. Moreover, Yule (1986:106) states that the analysis of cohesive devices in a text gives us some insight on how writers structure, what they want to say and may be crucial factors in our judgement on whether something is well-written or not.
4 cohesive devices used in The Jakarta Post. Besides to get a deep understanding about cohesive devices, especially in a text which have been learned in Writing and Functional Grammar class, this study also challenging to be researched. It will be boring to see the same word for several times. And to avoid such things we need the cohesive devices to make the information effective in the language so that the information easy to understand. For
example, “This description was from Murtala, a resident in North Aceh who
set up an organization for war survivors like himself”. The word “himself” in
this sentence is personal reference which refers to “Murtala”.
The writer chooses the headline news of “The Jakarta Post” because it has the standard and one of the famous English newspaper in Indonesia which must be written cohesively so the readers get the information clearly. There are seven articles that will be analyzed; all of them taken from the headline news of The Jakarta Post on April, 2013.Considering the reason above, the writer presents the study entitled An Analysis of Cohesive Devices Used in
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B. Problem of Study
Based on the background of the study above, the writer would like to analyze the following problems:
1. What are the types of cohesive devices used in the articles of Jakarta Post? 2. Why the types of cohesive devices are used in the articles of Jakarta Post
as they are?
2. To derive the types of cohesive devices dominantly used in headlines news of the Jakarta Post.
D. Scope of Study
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E. Significance of Study
The research finding is expected to be useful in theoretically and practically.
1) Theoretically significance
It is expected to give additional information about how to analyze types of cohesive devices which found in the headline news of The Jakarta Post. 2) Practically significance
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the types of cohesive devices used in headlines column of the Jakarta Post, the five types of cohesive devices were found in seven articles. The types of cohesive devices are reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. From the findings, it is concluded that cohesive devices is hold important part in writing news. Cohesive devices will help the readers to focus well on the topic and for clearer emphasis and understanding of the text.
Conjunction is the most dominant used in this study. It means that news consist of many clauses so that needs to use many conjunction. It also show that news give many information for its readers. Beside conjunction, there is reference which also gives many distributions in news. Reference is the dominantly used after conjunction. This is occurred because the writers of news would like to keep the identity of ideas and participants in text to make their news clearly and easy to understand.
Among the five types of cohesive devices, substitution and ellipsis are in the least position. It shows that the two types of cohesive devices
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investigate both of them in spoken discourse, especially in spontaneous speech in different study.
There are some functions of cohesive devices used in this study. The function of reference used in this study is to identify the participants within the text which consist of personal, demonstrative, exophoric and endophoric. The function of substitution is to indicate a replacement of one item with another which consists of nominal and clausal substitution. The function of ellipsis is to indicate the omission of a word or part of sentence which consist of nominal and clausal ellipsis. Then, the function of conjunction used in this study is to indicate a relation of a sentence with another which consists of additive, adversative, clausal, and temporal conjunction. The last, the function of lexical cohesion used is to indicate the relation words in a text which consist of reiteration and collocation.
B. Suggestion
Having seen the result of the study, suggestions are staged as following.
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2. It is suggested that the writers should be concerned about the use of cohesive devices used in presenting their idea.
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