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A :TheAnalysi so fCode-swtiching……….
e g a P
0 6
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
h c r a e s e r g n ir e v o c , n e s o h c c i p o t e h t o t n o it c u d o rt n i e h t s t n e s e r p I r e t p a h C
h c r a e s e r , e v it c e j b o h c r a e s e r , n o it a ti m il h c r a e s e r , m e l b o r p h c r a e s e r , d n u o r g k c a b
.s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d d n a , s ti f e n e b
.
A ResearchBackground f o e n o s i h s il g n
E widelyusedl anguagesi n t hewo lrd t oday .SinceEngilsh
d e t s e r e t n i e r a e l p o e p y n a m , d lr o w e h t n i s e g a u g n a l t n a tr o p m i e h t f o e n o s e m o c e b
o t d e c r o f e r a h s il g n E g n i n r a e l n i d e t s e r e t n i t o n e r a o h w e s o h t n e v E . ti g n i n r a e l n i
l g n E g n i y d u t s e r a s r e n r a e L . ti n r a e
l ish fo rd fiferen treasons :because i ti sa
l a o g r e h t o e m o s h s il p m o c c a o t ti d e e n y e h t e s u a c e b r o t n e m e ri u q e
r s,s uchast oge t
b o j f o e p y t r a l u c it r a p a t e g o t r o e g e ll o c o t n
i (Bardovi-Harilq & Harftord ,1997) .
a m n i , e l p m a x e r o
F ny job vacancie sin Indonesia ,i ti swirtten tha tone o fthe
. h s il g n E e v i s s a p t s a e l t a h s il g n E r e t s a m o t e v a h s t n a c il p p a e h t s i s t n e m e ri u q e r
f o e r o c s n i a tr e c e v a h o t s t n a c il p p a e h t e ri u q e r s e i n a p m o c y n a m , r e v o e r o M
s il g n E n r a e l e m o s d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . L F E O
T h because they are interested in
m o c e b o t n o it n e t n i h ti w r o e r u tl u c t e g r a t g n i n r a e
l e close rto the targe tcutlure .
People who learn Engilsh fo r integraitve reason s tend to be bette r in
s e it i v it c a e v it a c i n u m m o
c (Bardovi-Harilq&Harftord ,1997) .
sA stated bythef ac tabove ,manypeopler eailzet hatl earning Engilsh i sa
y r e t s a m e h T . s n o s a e r e v it a r g e t n i r o s n o s a e r l a t n e m u rt s n i r e h ti e r o f s y a d a w o n t s u m
n i s a h c u s s t c e p s a y n a m n i e l p o e p t s i s s a l li w h s il g n E f
s n o it a c i n u m m o c n I . s n o it a c i n u m m o
c ,Engilsh ha sbecome a popula rlanguage ,
e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I d n a h s il g n E x i m o t d n e t e l p o e P . a i s e n o d n I n i y lr a l u c it r a p
e d o c d e ll a c s i n o n e m o n e h p f o d n i k s i h T . n o it a s r e v n o c e v a h y e h t n e h
w -swtiching .
e d o
C -swtiching i sa phenomenon to swtich one language into anothe rlanguage
d n
a i t i s commonly used by people who know a t leas t two languages . In
e d o c f o e s u e h t , e v it c e p s r e p c it s i u g n il o i c o
s -swtiching aim s fo r so ildartiy .
c e l p o e p , e s a c r e h t o n a n i , r e v e w o
H o -deswtich when they do no t know the
e g a u g n a l t e g r a t n i n o it a l s n a rt e t a ir p o r p p
a (Wardhaugh ,1992),f o rexamplewhena
e li h w a r o f t n e li s s p e e k e h s , t a e s t o h d e ll a c h c e e p s t r o h s g n ir e v il e d s i t n e d u t s I B P
f o d r o w h s il g n E e h t t u o b a g n i k n i h
t “gubraykkan” .A tfe ra whlie ,she use sthe
d r o
w gubrayk nka becauseshecanno t ifndt ha tword i nEngilsh. In t hi scase ,she
. g n i k a e p s r e h n i h s il g n E d n a e g a u g n a l e s e n a v a J s e h c ti w s
The use o fcode-swtiching i salso found in a television show called
d e v l o v n i e r e w o h w e l p o e p f o t s o M . 2 1 0 2 l o d I n a i s e n o d n
I such as t he maste ro f
s e ir u j e h t d n a , s t n a t s e t n o c e h t , y n o m e r e
c in tha t program tended to swtich
I . h s il g n E o t n i e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n
I n t hi scase, t heone swhoused t o code-swtich
e g a u g n a l r i e h
t s ew re the ju ires .They tended to mix Indonesian language and
e c n a m r o f r e p ’ s t n a t s e t n o c e h t g n it n e m m o c e r e w y e h t n e h w h s il g n
E s . Thi s
d e t c a rt t a n o n e m o n e h
p the wrtier’ s interes t to identfiy why the ju ire s code
-e g a u g n a l r i e h t d e h c ti w
s s and whether the code-swtiching tha tthey made were
y r a s s e c e
n .
n o it a n a l p x e r e h tr u f e e s o
T so f code-swtiching made by the ju ire s o f
e d o c g n i o d r o f s n o s a e r e l b i s s o p e h t s s u c s i d l li w s i s e h t s i h t , 2 1 0 2 l o d I n a i s e n o d n
-i h c ti w
s ng and the compairson between approp irate and inapprop irate code
-.s e ir u j e h t y b e d a m g n i h c ti w s
.
B ResearchProblems
s n o it s e u q o w t g n i w o ll o f e h t s e s s e r d d a r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t n
I :
.
1 Wha tare et h reasons oft heuseo fcode-swtichingbyt hej u ires?
.
2 Whati sthecompairson between approp iratecode-swtiching and inapprop irate
e d o
c -swtiching?
.
C ProblemLimtia iton
e c n a m r o fr e p ’ s t n a t s e t n o c l o d I n a i s e n o d n I f o s o e d i v e h t n
I s tha thad been
s o h
c en by the wrtier , the ju ire s swtiched thei r language when they were
n i n i a l p x
e g something .Hence ,thi sresearch only focused on the code-swtiching
e n o d n I f o s e ir u j e h t y b e d a
m sian Ido l2012 .The ju ires were Agne sMonica ,
h a y s n a m r e H g n a n A d n a , i n a h D d a m h
A ast he j u iresi n Indonesian Ido l2012 .To
i v l a r e v e s e s o h c r e ti r w e h t , a t a d e h t t c e ll o
c deo soft hecontestantswhichcontained
e d o
c -swtiching and downloaded them from Youtube.com .A tferwards ,she made
a d e h t f o s i s y l a n a e h T . s o e d i v e s o h t f o t p ir c s n a rt e h
t tawa sdonef rom how o tfen
e ir u j e h
t suse code-swtiching, and the utterance sthey used when they code
-. e g a u g n a l ri e h t d e h c ti w s
.
D ResearchObjecitve
n a e h t t u o d n if o t d e d n e t n i s i h c r a e s e r s i h t s
A swer sof t he problems, t he
lt s ri F . s e v it c e j b o o w t o t s a h r e ti r
e d o c e s u s e ir u j e h t y h w n o s a e r e l b i s s o p e h t t u o d n if d l u o w r e ti r w e h
t -swtiching.
o c r a e l c e h t t u o d n if d l u o w r e ti r w e h t , y l d n o c e
S mpairsonbetweent heapprop irate
d n
a inapprop iratecode-swtichingwhichmadebyt hej u ire .s
.
E ResearchBeneftis
t n o it a m r o f n i l a i c if e n e b e v i g o t r e d r o n i d e t c u d n o c s i h c r a e s e r s i h
T o the
d n a s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u
f readers .
.
1 Thef uturer esearchers
d e t s e r e t n i e r a o h w s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t p l e h l li w y ll u f e p o h h c r a e s e r s i h T
t u o b a n o it a m r o f n i h c u m g n i v i g y b c i p o t e m a s e h t h ti w h c r a e s e r g n it c u d n o c n i
y e h T . g n it ir w r i e h t r o f c i p o t e h t d n u o f t o n e v a h o h w m e h t g n ir i p s n i r o c i p o t ri e h t
o t y rt n a
c conduct astudyaboutt hist opici nvairousotherissues .
.
2 Ther eaders
d e t s e r e t n i e r a o h w e s o h t r o f e li h w h tr o w e b l li w h c r a e s e r s i h
T in l earning
e d o
c -swtiching .Moreover ,i twli lgive deep understanding o fapprop irate and
e t a ir p o r p p a n
i code-swtiching .In t his t hesis ,reader swill be provided wtih much
t n a tr o p m
i informaitonabou tcode-swtiching.
.
3 PBIs tudents
n i d e t s e r e t n i e r a o h w s t n e d u t s I B P e h t d i a l li w y lt n a t c e p x e h c r a e s e r s i h T
o m e v i g o t c it s i u g n il g n i d n e h e r p m o
c re informaiton abou t approp iratecode
-d n a g n i h c ti w
.
F De ifniiton so fTerms , s i s e h t s i h t n
I therearesomet ermst ha tprobablyunfamiilart ot her eaders .
t u o b a n o it p ir c s e d r a e l c a e v i g l li w y lt n a t c e p x e s n o it i n if e d g n i w o ll o f e h t , e c n e H
.s d r o w e s o h t
.
1 C eo -d swtiching e
d o
C -swtiching i san ablitiy to swtich from one language into anothe r
e g a u g n a l e h t h c i h w n i t n e m n o ri v n e l a u g n il i b n i s n e p p a h y l n o m m o c t I . e g a u g n a l
. e u g n o t r e h t o m r i e h t s a l l e w s a s e g a u g n a l r e h t o e s u s r e s
u Code swtiching i s
s o m e h t y ll a it n e t o
p tcreaitveaspec to fb liinguals peech( Hoffman ,1991 .)
.
2 AppropriateCode-swtiching
a r e tt u r a l u c it r a p a y h w s e ir o g e t a c l a r e v e s e r a e r e h
T nce i sclassiifed a s
e t a ir p o r p p
a code-swtiching .Thosecatego ire sare:
.
a Code-swtichingt ha tareusefuli nexplainingt hespeaker’ smind
t ) 2 9 9 1 ( h g u a h d r a W n o d e s a
B hespeaker sswtich language sbecause t hey
e v a
h ilnguisitcde ifciency t o expres swhatt heyare goingt o say in one l anguage .
h c ti w s y e h t , e r o f e r e h
T thel anguagei nordert okeept heconversaitongoingwel.l
.
b Relaitvely easy to understand ,commonly acceptable to ilsteners ,and i ti s
e l b i s s o p e h t t u o d n if o t tl u c if fi
d rtanslaitoni nt argetl anguage
h c ti w s l li w s r e k a e p s e h t t a h t y a s ) 2 9 9 1 ( h g u a h d r a W d n a ) 2 8 9 1 ( n a e j s o r G
e h t t u o d n if t o n n a c y e h t fi s e g a u g n a l ri e h
t possible rtanslaitoni n t argetl anguage .
y l n o m m o c e r a y e h t e c n i s s d r o w l a n i g ir o e h t e s u o t r e f e r p y e h t , e r o f e r e h T
.
3 InappropriateCode-swtiching c n a r e tt u r a l u c it r a p a , s i s e h t s i h t n
I e i sl abelled i nto no tapprop iratecode
-:f i g n i h c ti w s
.
a Thecode-swtichingviolate sgeneralr uleo fcode-swtiching
t a h t s y a s ) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o
H the biilngual sshould concern on equivalen t
t n i a rt s n o
c ,the genera lrule o fcode-swtiching, which mean sthe biilngual scan
h c a e s e h c t a m s e g a u g n a l h t o b f o r a m m a r g e h t h c i h w n i e g a u g n a l r i e h t h c ti w s
h t o b n i fi n u o n a d n a e v it c e j d a n a y l n o h c ti w s o t e k il d l u o w r e k a e p s e h T .r e h t o
a d n a e v it c e j d a n a f o r e d r o e m a s e h t e v a h e g a u g n a
l noun.
.
b Thecode-swtichingi sconsideredunnecessary
e d o c e h
T -swtiching i s an equa l o r a repeititon o f commonly used
e h t o t r a il i m a f e r a e g a u g n a l t e g r a t n i s n o it a l s n a rt e l b i s s o p e h t d n a d r o w n a i s e n o d n I
. e g a u g n a l t e g r a t n i d e s u y l n o m m o c d n a s r e n e t s
il Thi scode-swtiching violates
e d o c s r e k a e p s e h t t a h t y r o e h t ) 2 9 9 1 ( s ’ h g u a h d r a
W -swticht heril anguage sbecause
e d o c l li w y e h t s n a e m h c i h w c i p o t f o e c i o h c f
o -swtich thei rlanguage si fthey
. e g a u g n a l t e g r a t n i n o it a l s n a rt e l b i s s o p e h t t u o s n if t o n n a c
.
4 IndonesianI dol
y b d l e h t n e v e l a u n n a n a s i l o d I n a i s e n o d n
I one o ftelevision staiton sin
r o f s d n a t s h c i h w I T C R y l e m a n a i s e n o d n
I Rajawal iCtira TelevisiI ndonesia. Thi s
n i s e it i c g i b e m o s n i e n o d s a w n o it i d u a e h T . r e g n i s t a e r g a t u o d n if o t s m i a w o h s
a k a J s a h c u s a i s e n o d n
I tra ,Bandung ,Medan ,Yogyaka tra ,andMakassar .Thet ota l
. d e t a n i m il
e Then, t here wli lbe t wo contestants l etf i n grand ifna lo fIndonesian
.l o d I
.
5 Jury
e g d ir b m a C n o d e s a
B dicitonary ,jury i s“a group o fpeople chosen to
e r a l o d I n a i s e n o d n I n i s e ir u j e h t ,r e v e w o H . ” n o it it e p m o c a f o r e n n i w e h t e d i c e d
w o h S r a l u c a t c e p S o t o g l li w o h w s t n a t s e t n o c e v l e w t e d i c e d o t e l b i s n o p s e r y l n
o .
, t a h t r e tf
A the ju ire sare also responsible to give comment son the contestants ’
T . s e c n a m r o f r e
p he winne ro fIndonesian Ido li sdecided by voitng from the
8 I I R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R
d n a n o it p ir c s e d l a c it e r o e h t y l e m a n s tr a p n i a m o w t f o s t s i s n o c I I r e t p a h C
e d o c s t n e s e r p n o it p ir c s e d l a c it e r o e h t e h T . k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h
t -swtiching, the
e d o c f o s e p y
t -swtiching ,the reason so fcode-swtiching ,the funciton so fcode -,
g n i h c ti w
s Indonesian Idol , biography o f Indonesian Ido l ju ires , qualtiaitve d n a s tr e p x e e h t y b s e ir o e h t f o w e i v e r e h t e r a h c i h w s i s y l a n a t n e t n o c d n a h c r a e s e r
a c it e r o e h t e h
t lw iritng sfrom the wrtie rrelated to thi sstudy .Meanwhlie ,the h
w s e ir o e h t t n a v e l e r r o j a m e h t f o l l a s e s s u c s i d k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h
t ichassistt he
g n ir e w s n a n i r e ti r
w et h researchproblem.
.
A Theoreitca lDescrip iton
e v i g o t s d n e t n i n o it p ir c s e d l a c it e r o e h
T clea rdescirpitonoft het heo ire sand e h t s t n e s e r p t I . s i s e h t s i h t f o c i p o t e h t h ti w t n a v e l e r e r a h c i h w n o it a m r o f n i
e d o c f o n o it i n if e
d -swtiching ,type so fcode-swtiching ,the possible reason so f e
d o
c -swtiching , Indonesian idol , biography o f Indonesian Idol 2012 ju ires , .
s i s y l a n a t n e t n o c d n a , h c r a e s e r e v it a ti l a u q
.
1 Code-Sw tiching
c ) 0 1 0 2 ( c e i m e i N n o d e s a
B o -deswtiching i sa phenomenon o fswtiching a , d r o w a e v l o v n i n a c n o n e m o n e h p e h T . e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a o t n i e g a u g n a l e n o m o r f
l a r e v e s r o e c n e t n e s a , e s a r h
) 1 9 9 1 ( n n a m f f o H . ” tr o f f e t n e r a p p a y n a t u o h ti w , n o it a s r e v n o c e m a s e h t n i s e it e ir a v t a h t s y a s o s l
a code swtiching i spoten itally t hemos tcreaitve aspec to fbiilngua l e d o c e s u y ll a n o it n e t n i e l p o e p e m o S . h c e e p
s -swtiching in thei rconversaiton fo r e d o c e s u y ll a n o it n e t n i n u y a m e m o s , r e v e w o H . e s o p r u p n i a tr e
c -swtiching i n t hei r
a h t e r a w a e b t o n y a m e l p o e p “ , s d d a ) 0 1 0 2 ( h g u a h d r a W . n o it a s r e v n o
c tt hey have
d e s u e v a h y e h t , e d o c h c i h w , n o it a s r e v n o c g n i w o ll o f ,t r o p e r o t e l b a e b f o d e h c ti w s h g u a h d r a W h ti w a e d i e m a s e h t s a h o s l a ) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o H ” . c i p o t r a l u c it r a p a r o f e d o c y e h t t a h t t c a f e h t f o e r a w a n u n e tf o e r a e l p o e p “ t a h t ) 0 1 0 2
( -swtich.” Fo r
c n a t s n
i e ,when aperson t alk sabou tcetrain t opicwtih he rfellow and she canno t e d o c o t s d n e t e h s , e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t n i n o it a l s n a rt e l b i s s o p y n a d n
if -swtich he r
e g a u g n a
l s.However ,someoft heuser sdonotr eailzet hatt heyusecode-swtiching . g n i k a e p s n
i Thi si sexample o fthe use o fcode-swtiching when Agne sMonica f o e n o n o d e t n e m m o
c theIndonesianI do lcontestants’ performances.
i d a t t a a s a d a p i y n a y n e m h a l a s a m a j a s p it t i k i d e s a d a n a m u c n i k g n u m i d a t n a m u C i r a d h a d n i p u m a
k chasevoicekefalsettoataudar ichasevoicekeheadvoice tiu it
a
h -hat ikarenakalaunggakhait-hat ikamubisaptichy.( Dera- Ceira)
e m o s d e s u a c i n o M s e n g A , e l p m a x e t a h t n
I term sin foreign language .
s o p e h t t u o d n if o t t l u c if fi d e r a h c i h w s m r e t c i s u m o t g n o l e b s d r o w e s o h
T sible
e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I n i n o it a l s n a
rt . Hence ,people prefe r to use the o irgina l d n if n a h t r e h t a r e g a u g n a
l i ngoutt hepossible rtanslaitoni nt heril anguage . s e m l o H n o d e s a
B (1992 i)n swtiching t hel anguages ,the biilngual sshould n o n r e c n o
a d n a e v it c e j d a n a y l n o h c ti w s o t e k il d l u o w r e k a e p s e h T . r e h t o h c a e s e h c t a m
o e m a s e h t e v a h e g a u g n a l h t o b n i fi n u o
n rde ro fanadjecitveandanoun .
.
2 Type so fcode-swtiching
) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o
H say sthat there are fou rtype so fcode-swtiching namely l a c ir o h p a t e m , g n i h c ti w s l a n o it a u ti s , g n i h c ti w s g a t f o g n i h c ti w s c it a m e l b m e
a rt n i d n a , g n i h c ti w
s -senten itals wtiching.
.
a EmblemaitcSwtiching
s i g n i h c ti w s g a t r o g n i h c ti w s c it a m e l b m e t a h t s e t a t s ) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o H it r e s n
i ng an intejreciton ,a tag , o r a sentenceiflle rin anothe rlanguage .Fo r instance,Anyway ,bagaimanakabarkamu? Theword anywayin t hi sexamplei sa
n i v a h s i r e k a e p s e h t ; g a
t gconversaitoni nI ndonesianl anguage.
.
b Stiuaitona lSwtiching
h c ti w s e l p o e p n e h w s i g n i h c ti w s l a n o it a u ti s “ t a h t s d d a ) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o H
e d o c l a n o it a u ti s n I . ” d e if it n e d i e b n a c h c i h w s n o s a e r r o f r e h t o n a o t e d o c e n o m o r
f
-e h t e g n a h c t o n s e o d r e k a e p s e h t g n i h c ti w
s topic.Fo rinstance ,in Indonesia ,a g
n i n i a l p x e s i o h w r e h c a e
t an Engilsh lesson in the clas susing Engilsh migh t e h t t a h w d n a t s r e d n u t o n s e o d o h w t n e d u t s a s i e r e h t f i n a i s e n o d n I o t h c ti w s
. d i a s r e h c a e t
.
c Metapho irca lSwtiching e d o c f o e p y t d ri h t e h
T -swtiching i smetapho irca lswtiching .Based on a s e ri u q e r c i p o t f o e g n a h c a n e h w “ s i g n i h c ti w s l a c ir o h p a t e m ) 0 1 0 2 ( h g u a h d r a W
e c il o
p manwhliehewa sd irving becausehe passed t her oad when t he rtafifc ilgh t e
c il o p e h t , y l e t a n u tr o F . d e r s a
w m an wa shi sfather’ sf irend .He greeted the e
c il o
p m an using l ocall anguage,t hei rdaliy l anguage .Then, t hepoilcem antalked . n o it a s r e v n o c l a i c if f o o t n i e l o r e g n a h c y e h t , e s a c s i h t n I . e g a u g n a l l a m r o f n i m i h o t
.
d I antr -sentenita lSwtiching s
e m l o
H (1992 )sayst hati n rta-sentenita lswtichingi sacode-swtichingt ha t e
d o c e h T . e c n e t n e s a n i h ti w s n e p p a
h -swtichingi ni nrta-senten ita lcanbei naf orm h a y s n a m r e H g n a n A , e c n a t s n i r o F . e s u a l c a r o , e s a r h p a , d r o w e l g n i s a f
o used
a rt n
i -senten itals wtichingwhenhecommentedont hecontestan’t sperformance.
u k a u l a l u g g n i m . . n o i
D tsanding applause bua tkamu karena memang susah i n i m a l a m t e g n a b t il p m o k t a g n a s u m a K . ti l p m o k g n a y n a r u b i h n i k i b m e m k u t n u
n o i D
( - ILoveYouBibeh)
d e tr e s n i g n a n
A na Engilsh phrase in hi sspeaking .I twa seasie rto be d
o o t s r e d n
u by using Engilsh phrasesince Indonesian people have been famiila r h
ti
w t hephrase .Hence,t hecode-swtichingaremoreacceptable. e r a e r e h t ) 3 0 0 2 ( l l e w k c o t S n o d e s a b , r e v e w o
H three type s o f code
-g a t . e .i , g n i h c ti w
s -swtiching , inrtasentenita l swtiching , and intersentenita l e
d o c s i , s d d a e h , l a it n e t n e s r e t n I . g n i h c ti w
s -swtiching which occur s between . r e k a e p s a y b e s u a p y b d e h c ti w s y l b i s s o p s i n o it a s r e v n o c f o c i p o t e h T . s e c n e t n e s
. w o l e b n w o h s s i g n i h c ti w s l a it n e t n e s r e t n i f o e l p m a x e e h T
g n a y a b i r a d s a p e l s a i b u m a k a y a p u s i d a
J -bayangpenyany iasilnya ,adalah si’t r
e h ti
e kamubette rnyanyinyadar ipenyany iasilnyaataukamutotallydfiferen t .
u ti
g I’t .s..i ’t setihe rbette ro rdfiferen.t .I(van- CintaPuith )
s ’ n a v I n o s t n e m m o c s ’ a c i n o M s e n g A f o e n o s i e v o b a e l p m a x e e h T
e d o c e h s , t s ri f t A . e c n a m r o f r e
e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I m o r f e g a u g n a l r e h d e h c ti w s e h S . e c n e t n e s e t e l p m o c d e s u
n E o t n
i gilshi nt hef ormofs entenceatt heendo fhe rcommen.t
.
3 T heReason soft heUseo fCode-swtiching
h
T e thesi selaborate sthe reason so fthe use code-swtiching .There are e
d o c f o s n o s a e r e h t l a e v e r o h w s tr e p x e e e r h
t -swtiching .
.
a Wardhaugh( 1992)
d r a
W haugh (1992) state sthere aret hree reason so fcode-swtiching .They e
r
a shownbelow.
)
1 ExpressingSoildartiywtiht heListeners
A . e r u tl u c r e h t o n a h ti w e r u tl u c e n o t c e n n o c o t d e s u e b n a c e g a u g n a L
t e g a u g n a l s ’ e e s s e r d d a e h t o t n i e g a u g n a l r e h / s i h h c ti w s n a c r e k a e p
s o expresst he
n a c e h / s , y c n e t e p m o c e g a u g n a l e t a u q e d a e v a h t o n s e o d e h / s f i n e v E . y ti r a d il o s
e d o
c -swtichawordo rphraseoft headdressee’sl anguage .
)
2 Choiceo fTopic
e g a u g n a l n i a tr e c o t n i e g a u g n a l ri e h t h c ti w s y ll a u s u e l p o e p , n o it a s r e v n o c n I
t f o e s u a c e
b hei rtopic unde rdiscussion .Fo rinstance ,two people talk abou tthe e
g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I g n i s u n o l a s n i t n e m t a e
rt ;they stli luse some utterance sin s
a h c u s e g a u g n a l n g i e r o
f hair spa ,creambath ,and facia.lAnothe rexamplet ha t e
r a e r e h
t u tterance sin thi sresearch ,such a sfalse tto ,ptichy ,swag and many e
r o
m , which are dfi ifcul tto ifnd ou tthe approp irate rtanslaiton in Indonesian .
)
3 Disitnguishingt heSocia landCu tlura lDistance
r o f , e c n a t s i d l a i c o s e h t e k a m o t e g a u g n a l ri e h t h c ti w s e l p o e p s e m it e m o S
e r a y e h t t a h t w o h s o t t n a w y e h t e l p m a x
e from a hhig e rclass .Anothe rexamplei sa s k l a t r o s s a l c e h t n i n o it a t n e s e r p s a h e h / s n e h w e g a u g n a l l a m r o f a d e s u t n e d u t s
s r e r u t c e l r e h / s i h h ti
w andt hens/heused i nformall anguagewhens/hei sspeaking .s
d n e ir f r e h / s i h h ti w
.
b Holmes( 1992)
e d o c f o s n o s a e r r u o f e r a e r e h t t a h t s y a s ) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o
H -swtiching .ie .
p u o r g f o l a n g i s a , n o it a u ti s l a i c o s e h t n i e g n a h c a , y ti r a d il o s g n i s s e r p x e
h ti w p i h s r e b m e
m anaddressee ,andquoteds omeone’ sword .s
)
1 Expressings o ildartiy
r a l u c it r a p h ti w k a e p s y e h t n e h w s e g a u g n a l r e h t o e s u y a m e l p o e p e m o S
s e x i m n o s r e p a , e c n a t s n i r o F . y ti r a d il o s r i e h t s s e r p x e o t y l n o s e e s s e r d d a
d n e ir f s i h d e t e e r g e h n e h w e g a u g n a l e s e n a v a J d n a e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I
e r a b a k e y i
p ?Sudah l ama enggakketemukamu. H( ow are you? Long itme no see) . d n e ir f s i h h ti w y ti r a d il o s e h t s s e r p x e o t e s e n a v a J n i d n e ir f s i h d e t e e r g r e k a e p s e h T
. n o s r e p e s e n a v a J s a w o h w
)
2 Achangei nt hes ocials tiuaiton e d o c y a m s r e k a e p s e h
T -swticht heril anguagei nparitcula rstiuaiton wtiha r
a l u c it r a
p person .Fo rinstance ,a Javanese famliy who used to speak Javanese e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I o t n i e g a u g n a l ri e h t h c ti w s d l u o w e fi l y li a d r i e h t n i e g a u g n a l
a s a w t s e ir p e h t , e s a c s i h t n I . s s a m a d a e l o t e s u o h r i e h t o t e m a c t s e ir p a n e h w
g n i k a e p s n a i s e n o d n I l a c o
)
3 Ethnici denttiymarker
. e g a u g n a l l a c o l r i e h t n i s d r o w r o s e s a r h p t r o h s e s u y a m s r e k a e p s e h T
. d e s u s r e k a e p s e h t e g a u g n a l l a c o l h c i h w e s i n g o c e r n a c e e s s e r d d a e h t , e r o f e r e h T
. e s a c s i h t f o e l p m a x e e h t s i e r e H
it n a
R :Kamubesokdatangkef esitva ltiuto?( Youwli lcomet ot hef esitval , )
? u o y t ’ n o
w [SwtichbetweenI ndone isanandJavanese] i
m u
S :Jamberapaatuhacaranya? (Wha titmei st hatf esitvalstatred? )[Swtich ]
e s e n a d n u S d n a n a is e n o d n I n e e w t e b it n a
R :Sektiarj am4s ore.(tIi saround4p.m). i
m u
S :Ok ,akudatangkok.( Ok , Iwli lcome)
g a t a d e s u i t n a R , e l p m a x e s i h t n
I to in Javanesewhen she madesuret ha t e h t t u o b a i t n a R o t k c a b d e k s a i m u S , r e v e w o H . l a v it s e f e h t o t e m o c d l u o w i m u S
e s e n a d n u S n i d r o w a d e tr e s n i d n a e m
it which actually doe sno thave paritcula r d
r o w e h T . h s il g n E n i r o e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I n i r e h t e h w g n i n a e
m atuhin
. n o it a s r e v n o c e h t e t e l p m o c o t d e s u y l n o s i e s e n a d n u S
)
4 Quo itngsomeone’ swords
y a m h c i h w n o i s s e r p m i e h t s e v i g r e k a e p s e h t “ t a h t s n i a l p x e ) 2 9 9 1 ( s e m l o H
e d o c d e s u e l p o e p , n o it i d d a n I . ” e t a r u c c a e b t o n y a m r
o -swtiching t o quotewell
-e r a n o it a t o u q f o s d r o w t c a x e e h t , e s a c s i h t n I . e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a n i s b r e v o r p n w o n k
r e k a e p s e h T . t n a tr o p m
i i sexpectedt os ayt heword saccurately .
.
c Grosjean( 1982)
e l p o e p y h w s n o s a e r n e t e r a e r e h t ) 2 8 9 1 ( n a e j s o r G n o d e s a b , s s e l e h tr e v e N e d o
)
1 Fli la ilnguisitcneed f orl exica l tiem ,se tphrase ,discoursemarker ,o rsentence r e ll if e l b i s s o p e h t d n if t o n n a c y e h t e s u a c e b s e g a u g n a l ri e h t h c ti w s s r e k a e p s e h T f o e n o g n it n e m m o c n i , e c n a t s n i r o F . e g a u g n a l ri e h t n i s m r e t l a i c e p s f o n o it a l s n a rt d r o w e h t d e s u a c i n o M s e n g A , s e c n a m r o f r e p ’ s t n a t s e t n o c e h
t swag, f alsetto, etc .
. e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I n i n o it a l s n a rt e t a ir p o r p p a e h t t u o d n if o t tl u c if fi d s a w t i e c n i s )
2 Conitnuet hel astl anguageused t(irggeirng)
s i t i f i e l b a t p e c c a e r o m e b d l u o w g n it t e s d n a n o it a s r e v n o c f o c i p o t e h T . s r e h t o e h t n a h t e g a u g n a l e n o n i n e k o p
s Fo rinstance,thes peakert oldabou taj oke n i e k o j e h t d e u n it n o c o s l a r e k a e p s r e h t o n a f i e s n e s e k a m d l u o w t i d n a h s il g n E n i . h s il g n E )
3 Quotes omeone’ swords
o t n i ti g n it a l s n a rt n a h t r e tt e b s i r e k a e p s e h t m o r f s d r o w l a n i g ir o e h t g n i y a S t o n s i n o it a l s n a rt e h t , e n o l a n i g ir o e h t y a s n a c e l p o e p s a g n o l s A . e g a u g n a l d n o c e s s a w e h n e h w s d r o w s ’ a c i n o M s e n g A d e t o u q i n a h D d a m h A , e c n a t s n i r o F . d e d e e n a i s e n o d n I g n it n e m m o
c nI do lcontestan’t spefrormance.
u m a k g n a li b s e n g A a b M n i k g n u m o l a k a y n d u s k a m , a y h is t a h il r e t u ti a
Y ptichy
-a y
n i’tss oobvious .Iya,i ’tss oobvious .Semua orangbisa ilhat ,gtiukan ,ptichy -a d n il e B ( . u ti u m a k a y
n -Terbang)
)
4 Specfiyaddressee p r e k a e p s e h
)
5 Qualfiymessage :amplfiyo remphasize( t‘opper’i nargumen)t e
d o c e s u e l p o e p e m o
S -swtichingt oemphasizet hemessaget heys aidt ot he r
e h t o m a , e c n a t s n i r o F . e e s s e r d d
a who wa sangry wtih he rson code-swticheshe r h
s il g n E o t n i e g a u g n a
l Mama sudahb liangkamuharusstop bolo ssekolah.In thi s d
r o w h s il g n E e h t d e s u e h s , e s a
c stoptoemphasizewha the rmessaget ohers on.
)
6 Specfiys peakeri nvolvement( personailzemessage)
n i e n o e m o s e v l o v n i o t n o i s n e t n i n i s e g a u g n a l r i e h t h c ti w s s r e k a e p s e h T
r o f e r e h T . e g a u g n a l s i h /r e h g n i s u y b n o it a s r e v n o
c e,t hespeake rwli lgeti nvolvei n .
y l e v it c a n o it a s r e v n o c
)
7 Markandemphasizegroupi denttiy( soildartiy) e
d o c e l p o e p y n a
M -swtich t heri l anguage i n ordert o expres ssoildartiy t o e h t t u o b a e g d e l w o n k e t a u q e d a e v a h t o n s e o d r e k a e p s e h t fi n e v E . e e s s e r d d a e h t
e r a y e h t n e h w e g a u g n a l t e g r a t n i s e c n a r e tt u e m o s t r e s n i o t s e ir t e h / s , e g a u g n a l
. n o i g e r l a u g n il it l u m n i s n e p p a h y ll a u s u t I . g n i k a e p s
)
8 Conveycon ifdenitaltiy ,anger ,annoyance t
a h t s y a s ) 2 8 9 1 ( n a e j s o r
G “code-swtichingi sconsideredast hei ndicato ro f s
e h
t peaker’ satttiude ,communicaitve intenitons ,and emoiton by the ilstener .s” ll
i w e l p o e p e m o
S use swea rwords t o expresst hei range rand some people may
. k c o h s e r a y e h t n e h w e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a n i n o it c e jr e t n i e s u
)
9 Excludes omeonef romconversaiton e
d o
C -swtiching can be used to exclude someone from the conversaiton o
e p w e f s t n a w y l n o r e k a e p s e h t n e h
e h t t a h t k n i h t y l b a b o r p y e h t e c n i s d e d n e f f o l e e f e c a l p e m a s e h t n i e r a o h w e l p o e p
h t o o t m e h t t u o b a g n i k l a t s i r e k a e p
s e r .s
) 0
1 Changer oleo fas peake:rr aises tatus ,addauthortiy,s howexperitse e
d o c e l p o e p e m o
S -swtich thei rlanguage in the paritcula roccasion .Fo r a
t s n
i nce ,an employeei nahote lgreets thecustomeri n al ocall anguageand t hen o t m i h /r e h s e ri u q e r b o j s i h /r e h e c n i s e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I o t n i e g a u g n a l e h t h c ti w s
. e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I n i k a e p s
.
4 TheFuncitons o fCode-swtiching
& n e k s y u M n o d e s a
B Appe l(2005) t hereare six funciton so fcode-swtich . h
T ey arepresentedbelow.
.
a Code-swtichings ervesr eferen italf unciton
f o e g d e l w o n k f o k c a l s a h e h / s e c n i s e g a u g n a l ri e h t h c ti w s y a m r e k a e p s e h T
r e h t o n a o t n i e g a u g n a l s i h /r e h g n i h c ti w s h g u o r h T . t c e j b u s n i a tr e c n i e g a u g n a l e n o
a e h t d n if l li w e h / s , e g a u g n a
l pprop irate words t o descirbe wha ts/he i sgoing t o y
a
s (Muysken&Appel ,2005).
.
b Code-swtichings erve sdriecitvef unciton c “ y a s ) 5 0 0 2 ( l e p p A & n e k s y u
M o -deswtiching can involve the ilstener s y
lt c e ri
d ” ,fo rexample t hrough swtiching the language sthe speake rcan exclude e
d o c , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . n o it a s r e v n o c e h t m o r f e l p o e p r a l u c it r a
p -swtiching can
r i e h t o t n i s e g a u g n a l e h t g n i h c ti w s y b n o it a s r e v n o c o t e l p o e p n i a tr e c e d u l c n i o s l a
.
c Code-swtichings erve sexpressivef unciton d e x i m e z i s a h p m e n a c s r e k a e p s e h
T identtiy oft wo l anguagesi n t hesame e
d o c h g u o r h t , t n i o p s i h t n I . e s r u o c s i
d -swtiching the speaker shave a chance to y
ti t n e d i ri e h t w o h
s (Muysken&Appel ,2005). .
d Code-swtichings erve sphaitcf unciton e
d o
C -swtichingcanbeusedt oi ndicatet hechangeoft oneinconversaiton . t u b , y t e ir a v d r a d n a t s n i e k o j e l o h w s ll e t o h w n a i d e m o c p u d n a t s a “ , e c n a t s n i r o F
” s t c e l a i d n a b r u . g . e , h c e e p s f o e p y t r a l u c a n r e v a n i e n il h c n u p e h t s g n ir b
.) 5 0 0 2 , l e p p A & n e k s y u M (
.
e Code-swtichings erve smetailnguisitcf unciton n
o d e s a
B Scotto n (1979)a sctied by Muysken&Appel( 2005)t hespeaker s r i e h t w o h s o t s t n a p i c it r a p r e h t o e h t s s e r p m i o t r e d r o n i s e g a u g n a l e h t h c ti w s
n g i e r o f e m o s d e s u w o h s n o i s i v e l e t n i s r e m r o f r e p e h t , e c n a t s n i r o F . ll i k s c it s i u g n il
. g n i k a e p s ri e h t n i s e c n a r e tt u
.f Code-swtichings erve spoeitcf unciton e
d o c e s u e l p o e p y n a
M -swtichings uchasi ns ong sandpoemt obeautfiyt he m
e h t n o g n i n a e
m (Muysken&Appel ,2005) .Thu ,s t hemessageoft hem would be .
y l g n it s e r e t n i e r o m d e r e v il e d
.
5 IndonesianI dol
a i s e n o d n
I nI doli sakindo ftalen tshowwhich l ooksf o rsomepeoplewho e
v a
h talen tin singing .I ti sadopted from Pop Ido lwhich came from England . u
F n o m i
s i h t t p o d a o t d e tr a t s s e ir t n u o c y n a m , n e h T . d n a l g n E n
i even tsuch a sAmeirca ,
h c n u a l o t d e tr a t s a i s e n o d n I . c t e , a i s e n o d n I , a il a rt s u A , a i s y a l a M , e r o p a g n i S e h t n o d e s a B . 4 0 0 2 e c n i s s e m it n e v e s d l e h n e e b s a h t I . 4 0 0 2 n i l o d I n a i s e n o d n I m o r f n o it a m r o f n
i Wikipedia.com, there weresome roundst o l ook for t hewinner .l o d I n a i s e n o d n I f o .
a Audiiton
, n a d e M s a h c u s a i s e n o d n I n i s e it i c g i b e m o s n i d l e h s a w n o it i d u a e h T d l u o h s y l p p a o t d e t n a w o h w e l p o e P . a tr a k a J d n a , g n u d n a B , a y a b a r u S , r a s s a k a M n a i s e n o d n I e b d l u o h s y e h t s a w t n e m e ri u q e r t s ri f e h T . s t n e m e ri u q e r e h t l if l u f it i
c z en.Thesecondwast heyshouldbeatl easti n16year sold whent heyappiled . t s a l e h T . m r o f e h t n i d r a c y ti t n e d i ri e h t h c a tt a e b d l u o h s y e h t s a w e n o d ri h t e h T t n o c n i t o n d l u o h s y e h t s a
w rac twtih othe rrecording labe l(“Indonesian Idol” , ) 2 1 0 2 . .
b Eilmina iton
r e tf a d n u o r n o it a n i m il e n i o g d l u o w n o it i d u a e h t s s a p d l u o c o h w e s o h T o t d e k s a e b d l u o w y e h t , d n u o r s i h t n I . d n u o r n o it i d u a m o r f t e k c it n e d l o g g n i v i e c e r y l n o e r e w s t n a t s e t n o c e h t 2 1 0 2 n i ,r e v e w o H . o l o s d n a , p u o r g n i ,r i a p n i g n i
s asked
g n i s o
t ingroupands olo( “IndonesianI dol” ,2012 .)
.
c Workshop
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