19. Wenten, I Gede, Recent Development in Membrane Science and Its Industrial Application, Departement of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. http://www.trotoar.org/forum

2. http://www.republika.co.id/suplemen

3. Hutahean, Anton Yunius. Studi Kajian dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi

Membran untuk Perancangan Sistem Vent pada Tangki Pendam di SPBU.

Tugas Sarjana. Teknik Mesin ITB. 2006

4. http://www.bphmigas.go.id/p/bphmigaspages

5. http://www.eco-web.com/register/02534.html

6. http://www.vsthose.com/

7. http://www.aridtech.com/

8. http://daq.state.nc.us/enf/vapor/

9. http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8587.html

10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

11. www.fueltable.com

12. Persada, Dyah Bakti. Perancangan Sistem Vapor Recovery di SPBU

dengan Menggunakan Membran. Tugas Sarjana. Teknik Mesin ITB. 2006

13. What You Should Know About Vapor Recovery, Michigan Department of

Environmental Quality, 2007 (http://www.michigan.gov/deq, diakses 27

Oktober 2007).

14. www.denaro.co.jp

15. H. Lindsay, Stage II Vapor Recovery, Wisconsin Department of Natural

Resources, 2007 (http://dnr.wi.gov/air/mobile, diakses 27 Oktober 2007).

16. Mulder, Marcel. Basic Priciples of Membrane Technology. 2

nd

ed, Kluwer

Academic Publisher, 1996.

17. Baker, Richard W, Membrane Technology and Applications, 2

nd

ed, John

Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2004.

18. Liu, Yuijing, Separation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Nitrogen by

Hollow Fiber Composite Membrane for VOC emission Control, Waterloo,

Ontario Canada. 2003.

(2)

19. Wenten, I Gede, Recent Development in Membrane Science and Its

Industrial Application, Departement of Chemical Engineering, Institut

Teknologi Bandung, 2003.

20. http://www.kochmembrane.com/prod_hf.html

(3)

LAMPIRAN A

HASIL ANALISIS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Tabel A.1 Bensin

Bensin Cair Uap Bensin Peak

Number Retention

Time Concentration (%) Retention Time Concentration (%) 1 1.792 0.14083 1.754 0.02011 2 1.826 0.85801 1.793 0.35803 3 1.920 0.03623 1.828 2.11394 4 1.954 3.97680 1.953 10.77859 5 2.025 4.48668 2.026 11.16343 6 2.105 0.95409 2.107 2.18058 7 2.159 0.89259 2.163 2.15003 8 2.345 5.98404 2.360 13.69498 9 2.440 2.82201 2.455 6.46900 10 2.492 0.43299 2.501 0.77478 11 2.580 4.14567 2.599 9.66156 12 2.714 0.02820 2.723 0.28295 13 2.781 0.41977 2.792 0.87379 14 2.862 2.25225 2.878 3.91208 15 3.010 0.01024 3.018 0.02376 16 3.068 0.01443 3.075 0.03171 17 3.162 0.54938 3.171 0.80393 18 3.325 4.51932 3.341 6.96827 19 3.377 3.27716 3.390 3.36328 20 3.513 2.88655 3.520 3.13779 21 3.614 0.23179 3.619 0.36473 22 3.666 0.78828 3.670 0.84135 23 3.702 0.61169 3.708 0.62375 24 3.928 3.09061 3.923 2.72650 25 4.103 0.04440 4.021 0.08645 26 4.134 0.03778 4.101 0.06423 27 4.171 0.06248 4.135 0.05166 28 4.326 1.43922 4.170 0.06645 29 4.521 0.77553 4.321 1.21741 30 4.655 0.31293 4.511 0.51971

91

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Tabel A.1 Bensin (Lanjutan)

Number Retention

Time Concentration (%) Retention Time Concentration (%) 31 4.834 0.20388 4.645 0.21335 32 4.978 0.21622 4.806 0.13150 33 5.130 0.34991 4.970 0.15354 34 5.425 14.59257 5.095 0.19555 35 5.480 1.06493 5.364 8.52074 36 5.544 0.43778 5.420 0.50484 37 5.663 0.30010 5.490 0.18291 38 5.714 0.11850 5.632 0.01657 39 5.799 0.31325 5.685 0.04892 40 5.908 0.13975 5.771 0.11966 41 6.034 1.45001 5.884 0.05778 42 6.104 0.13793 5.979 0.43417 43 6.209 0.10340 6.060 0.04669 44 6.307 0.04408 6.120 0.01097 45 6.380 0.03438 6.183 0.03649 46 6.473 0.09245 6.285 0.01376 47 6.528 0.04465 6.359 0.00967 48 6.623 0.15371 6.448 0.02585 49 6.715 0.14592 6.510 0.01494 50 6.786 0.32761 6.593 0.04049 51 6.918 0.01155 6.691 0.04427 52 7.041 0.03252 6.757 0.07606 53 7.126 0.06215 7.012 0.01616 54 7.430 2.64225 7.100 0.18480 55 7.743 9.41372 7.229 0.13600 56 7.871 0.00226 7.375 0.50267 57 7.970 0.08850 7.598 1.73477 58 8.199 3.48910 7.910 0.01699 59 8.274 0.66528 8.079 0.56147 60 8.391 0.06103 8.192 0.07092 61 8.461 0.03140 8.330 0.00587 62 8.600 0.05440 8.950 0.01077 63 8.639 0.04540 8.734 0.03365 64 8.777 0.31866 8.818 0.00739 65 8.856 0.07858 8.903 0.00824

92

(5)

Tabel A.1 Bensin (Lanjutan)

Number Retention

Time Concentration (%) Retention Time Concentration (%) 66 8.940 0.10850 9.347 0.05943 67 9.078 0.05736 8.522 0.22872 68 9.201 0.02362 9.653 0.06838 69 9.397 0.73747 9.883 0.04792 70 9.635 3.22268 10.073 0.00287 71 9.757 1.13801 10.161 0.18014 72 9.965 0.76946 10.234 0.01264 73 10.305 3.79473 10.425 0.00262 74 10.403 0.01868 10.723 0.04094 75 10.484 0.06376 10.986 0.01391 76 10.544 0.09453 11.258 0.01837 77 10.675 0.00677 11.339 0.01176 78 10.809 1.02582 11.390 0.01647 79 10.929 0.03668 11.556 0.00578 80 11.044 0.32783 11.745 0.01215 81 11.196 0.02219 11.892 0.11640 82 11.315 0.58634 12.448 0.00411 83 11.396 0.38073 12.526 0.00551 84 11.451 0.45611 12.875 0.00653 85 11.601 0.18446 13.074 0.00420 86 11.826 0.53732 13.771 0.25030 87 11.952 0.53733 88 12.053 0.03717 89 12.118 0.09457 90 12.259 0.12174 91 12.312 0.20130 92 12.491 0.25848 93 12.577 0.33746 94 12.701 0.01362 95 12.825 0.00391 96 12.903 0.13487 97 12.960 0.06985 98 13.105 0.38363 99 13.229 0.05516 100 13.315 0.05308

93

(6)

Tabel A.1 Bensin (Lanjutan)

Number Retention

Time Concentration (%) Retention Time Concentration (%) 101 13.478 0.04702 102 13.637 0.01574 103 13.719 0.27027 104 13.795 0.06647 105 13.873 0.05914 106 14.079 0.04274 107 14.245 0.00993 108 14.350 0.01811 109 14.549 0.03651 110 14.758 0.01721 111 14.849 0.02969 112 14.942 0.01343 113 15.118 0.03838 114 15.323 0.00474 115 15.460 0.04764 116 15.661 0.03587 117 15.824 0.12183 118 15.926 0.04195 119 16.205 0.05744 120 18.150 0.02157 Total 100.24068 100.62240

Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (polyvinilydene fluoride)

Permeate Retentate Peak Number

Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%)

1 2.1 0.1373 0 2 2.17 0.75635 0 3 0 2.19 0.08358 4 2.30 12.09797 2.34 0.98626 5 2.34 10.74185 2.41 1.43002 6 2.44 1.97212 2.5 1.15225 7 2.53 2.67458 0 8 2.7 15.9853 2.7 4.47084 7.97732 2.8 3.61406 9 0 2.9 3.50126

94

(7)

Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (Lanjutan)

Peak Number Permeate Retentate

Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%) 10 3.0 10.49349 0 11 3.1 1.00938 3.1 0.48888 12 3.2 4.04172 3.2 3.67061 0.04823 0 13 3.37 0.06197 0 14 0 3.4 0.94789 15 3.461 0.8508 0 6.70797 3.6 8.06197 16 3.647 2.253628 3.675 6.11241 17 3.8 3.22352 3.8 3.69890 18 3.89 1.2605 0 19 3.92 0.59283 4.0 4.75726 20 4.1 2.74554 0 21 4.20 0.07847 4.21 0.24347 0.13187 0 22 0 0 23 4.4 1.21154 4.4 3.45951 24 4.5 0.54315 4.5 1.92902 0.22496 4.6 0.87152 25 0 0 26 4.8 0.15096 4.8 0.55434 27 4.9 0.1556 4.86 0.46386 28 5.0 0.19018 4.95 0.79143 0 19.40233 29 5.3 7.27895 5.3 0.95296 30 5.4 0.18926 0 31 5.5 0.06833 5.5 0.26130 32 5.6 0.11307 5.5 0.56300 33 5.7 0.4638 5.7 2.40396 34 5.8 0.04765 5.8 0.25751 35 5.9 0.0374 5.9 0.17553 36 6.0 0.01543 6.0 0.07532 37 6.06 0.00972 6.1 0.20375 38 6.15 0.02652 0 39 6.3 0.04963 6.24 0.31836 40 6.4 0.07862 6.4 0.79597

95

(8)

Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (Lanjutan)

Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%) 41 6.5 0.02824 6.64 0.03467 42 6.7 0.00889 6.7 0.08813 43 6.8 0.01442 6.8 0.12004 44 6.9 0.01581 0 45 7.0 0.4668 7.0 3.03899 46 7.3 1.34768 7.2 9.10449 47 0 7.47 0.05378 48 7.46 0.00144 7.52 0.07058 49 0.00422 0 50 7.56 0.0068 0 51 7.6 0.01275 7.6 0.12369 52 7.7 0.42446 7.7 3.32474 53 7.8 0.05422 7.8 0.55983 54 7.9 0.00305 7.9 0.03011 55 8.0 0.00209 8.0 0.02973 56 8.17 0.00278 8.1 0.04268 57 0 8.2 0.03831 0.0031 8.3 0.27549 58 8.4 0.02466 0 59 0 0 60 8.53 0.00594 8.5 0.08441 61 8.7 0.00277 8.64 0.04446 62 0 8.8 0.02341 63 9.0 0.04055 9.0 0.45454 64 9.2 0.15183 9.2 1.78480 65 9.3 0.58487 0.0439 0 66 9.6 0.03138 9.6 0.41549 67 9.8 0.00161 9.8 0.02809 68 9.9 0.11451 9.9 1.59211 69 10.2 0.00161 10.2 0.02609 70 0 10.3 0.03865 71 0 10.5 0.35711 0.02157 0

96

(9)

Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (Lanjutan)

Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%)

72 0 10.8 0.10246 0.00671 0 73 0 11.1 0.15764 74 11.2 0.01356 11.2 0.15084 75 11.3 0.00668 11.3 0.12360 76 11.5 0.00195 11.5 0.04263 77 0 11.7 0.05391 78 11.9 0.00383 0 0 0.01346 0 0.01373 79 0 12.5 0.03196 80 0 12.6 0.04328 81 0 0 0 0.03061 0 0.02863 13.8 0.06628 0.00000 0 0.02085 0.1697 0 0.00257 0 0.00398 0 0.00011 0 0.5283 0 0 0.02329 Total 100.338 99.905

Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)

Permeate Peak Number

Retention Time Concentration (%)

1 0.000 0 2 0.000 0 3 0.000 0 4 1.963 2.71752 5 2.032 3.15222 6 0.000 0 7 0.000 0

97

(10)

Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (lanjutan)

Permeate Peak Number Retention Time Concentration (%) 8 2.335 7.88476 9 2.429 5.23161 10 0.000 0 11 2.557 7.40507 12 0.000 0 13 0.000 0 14 0.000 0 15 0.000 0 16 2.843 3.27816 17 0.000 0 18 0.000 0 19 0.000 0 20 3.305 7.88945 21 0.000 0 0.000 3.98066 22 0.000 0 23 0.000 0 24 0.000 0 25 0.000 0 0.000 0.05778 26 3.852 3.73316 27 0.000 0 28 0.000 0 29 0.000 0 30 0.000 0 31 4.276 1.68189 32 0.000 0 33 0.000 0 34 0.000 0 35 0.000 0 36 0.000 0 37 5.220 14.34389 38 0.000 0 39 0.000 0 40 0.000 0 41 0.000 0 42 0.000 0

98

(11)

Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (lanjutan)

Permeate Peak Number Retention Time Concentration (%) 43 0.000 0 44 5.942 1.42970 45 0.000 0 46 0.000 0 47 0.000 0 48 0.000 0 49 0.000 0 50 0.000 0 51 0.000 0 52 0.000 0 53 0.000 0 54 0.000 0 55 0.000 0 56 0.000 0 57 0.000 0 58 7.350 3.70722 59 7.528 13.10262 60 0.000 0 61 8.047 4.33191 62 8.182 0.75313 63 0.000 0 64 0.000 0 65 0.000 0 66 0.000 0 67 0.000 0 68 9.346 0.75376 69 9.515 4.43848 70 9.650 1.56033 71 9.883 0.99095 72 10.155 4.96911 73 0.000 0 74 10.725 1.46158 75 0.000 0

99

(12)

Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (lanjutan)

Permeate Peak Number Retention Time Concentration (%) 76 0.000 0 77 0.000 0 78 0.000 0 79 0.000 0 80 0.000 0 81 11.897 1.20282 82 0.000 0.00000 83 0.000 0.00000 Total 100.05578

100

(13)

LAMPIRAN B

HASIL PENGUJIAN PROTIPE ALTERNATIF RANCANGAN 1

Nomor Waktu Tabung Tinggi Temperatur Volume Permeate

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 15.6 34 5 15.3 31 10 14.9 32 15 14.4 34 20 14.3 35 25 14.1 38 30 13.9 38 35 13.7 40 40 13.4 40 45 13.1 38 50 12.9 35

Δt total T rata - rata

1

2.7 35.91

178

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Tabung Temperatur Volume Permeate

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 16.7 25 5 16.4 24 10 16.3 25 15 16.2 28 20 16 31 25 15.8 33 30 15.6 35 35 15.4 37 40 15.2 39 45 14.9 40 50 14.7 40 55 14.4 38 60 14.2 36

2

2.5 33.15

160

(14)

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 16.7 26 5 16.5 26 10 16.4 28 15 16.4 31 20 16.3 34 25 16.2 36 30 16 38 35 15.8 40 40 15.5 41 45 15.3 39 50 15.1 37 55 15 35 60 14.9 32

3

1.8 34.08

121

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 14.8 34 5 14.7 31 10 14.5 32 15 14.4 34 20 14.3 35 25 14.1 38 30 14 38

4

0.8 34.57

63

(15)

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 16.2 25 5 16 25 10 15.8 26 15 15.5 28 20 15.3 30 25 15 32 30 14.8 34 35 14.6 38

5

1.6 29.75

105

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 14.6 40 5 14.2 34 10 14 32 15 13.8 33 20 13.5 36 25 13.3 38 30 13.2 41 35 12.9 41 40 12.7 39 45 12.4 37 50 12.3 34 55 12.1 31 60 12 31

6

2.6 35.92

184

(16)

LAMPIRAN C

HASIL PENGUJIAN PROTOTIPE ALTERNATIF

RANCANGAN 3

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Tabung Temperatur Volume Permeate

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 18 24 2 17.9 23 4 17.9 24 6 17.8 25 8 17.7 27 10 17.6 28 12 17.5 29 14 17.3 31 16 17.2 33 18 17.1 35 20 17.1 36 Δt total T rata - rata 1 0.9 28.64 119 Nomor Waktu Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 17.1 40 2 16.9 38 4 16.8 36 6 16.7 35 8 16.5 34 10 16.4 33 12 16.4 32 14 16.3 31 16 16.3 31 18 16.3 31 20 16.2 32 2

113

(17)

0.9 33.91

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 16.2 36 2 16.1 34 4 16 34 6 16 34 8 15.9 35 10 15.8 35 12 15.6 36 14 15.6 37 16 15.5 38 18 15.4 39 20 15.4 40

3

0.8 36.18

98

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 15.4 41 2 15.3 39 4 15.1 37 6 14.9 35 8 14.9 35 10 14.8 34 12 14.7 33 14 14.7 33 16 14.5 34 18 14.5 35 20 14.4 36 Δt total T rata - rata 4 1 35.64 95

105

(18)

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 14.4 41 2 14.3 39 4 14.2 38 6 14.1 37 8 14 35 10 14 35 12 13.9 36 14 13.9 36 16 13.8 37 18 13.8 38 20 13.8 40 Δt total T rata - rata 5 0.6 37.45 73 Nomor Waktu Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (oC) (mL) 0 13.8 43 2 13.6 41 4 13.5 40 6 13.3 38 8 13.2 37 10 13.2 36 12 13.2 37 14 13.1 38 16 13 39 18 13 40 20 12.9 41 Δt total T rata - rata 6 0.9 39.09 111

106

(19)

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 12.9 45 2 12.8 44 4 12.7 42 6 12.7 40 8 12.6 39 10 12.5 38 12 12.5 37 14 12.4 36 16 12.3 35 18 12.3 35 20 12.2 36 Δt total T rata - rata 7 0.7 38.82 94 Nomor Waktu Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (oC) (mL) 0 12.2 35 2 12.2 34 4 12.1 34 6 12.1 35 8 12 36 10 12 37 12 12 38 14 11.9 40 16 11.9 41 18 11.8 42 20 11.7 44 Δt total T rata - rata 8 0.5 37.82 78

107

(20)

Nomor Waktu

Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (o_C) _(mL) 0 11.7 48 2 11.6 46 4 11.5 44 6 11.4 43 8 11.4 41 10 11.3 40 12 11.2 39 14 11.2 39 16 11.2 40 18 11.1 40 20 11 41 Δt total T rata - rata 9 0.7 41.91 23 Nomor Waktu Tinggi

Pengujian (Menit) (cm) (oC) (mL) 0 11 46 2 11 45 4 11 44 6 10.9 43 8 10.9 42 10 10.8 42 12 10.8 41 14 10.8 41 16 10.8 40 18 10.8 40 20 10.8 40 Δt total T rata - rata 10 0.2 42.18 10