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B a l a i P e l e s t a r i a n N i l a i B u d a y a B a l i , N T B , N T T
J l . R a y a D a l u n g A b i a n b a s e N o . 1 0 7 K u t a U t a r a B a d n g B a l i e - m a i l : p u r n a . b p s n t @ g m a i l . c o m
.askah d it erim a tanggal:27/8/2015, d irevisi akhir tan ggal: 14/7/2016, d isetu ju i tanggal:29/8/2016
A b s t r a c t : D on g g o is a n e t hn ic c om m un it y liv ing in Mb a w a V illa g e , D is t ric t D o ng g o, B im a , W e s t Nu s a T e n g g a ra . T h is E t h nic c on s is t s o f v a rio us m on ot h e is m re lig io ns , s u c h a s I s la m , C a t holic , a n d Pro t e s t a nt . D e s pit e h a v ing a plura l s o c ie t y b a c k g rou nd from v a rious re lig io ns , D o ng g o’s c om m u nit y in Mb a w a v illa g e h a v e c a p a b ilit y in m a int a inin g t h e ha rm on y a m on g t h e ir c o m m u nit y . T h is s t u d y a im s t o a n a ly z e h ow t h e c om m u nit y in Mb a w a v illa g e w it h v a rio u s re lig io ns c a n a v o id re lig io us - b a s e d c on flic t . I n a d d it ion , it a na ly z e s w h a t s t ra t e g ie s a re u s e d t o a c h ie v e t h e h a rm on y a m on g t h e c om m un it y o f Mb a w a v illa g e . O b s e rv a t ion w a s u s e d a s t h e m a in m e t h o d of t his s t u d y . T h e re s u lt s o f t h is s t ud y s h ow s t h a t in m a int a in in g h a rm on y a m on g re lig io us p e o p le in t h e ir c o m m u nit y , p e o p le o f Mb a w a v illa g e a p p ly t h e ir loc a l k n ow le d g e a s a c u lt u ra l s t ra t e g y t o a v o id re lig io u s c on flic t . I n s u m m a ry , lo c a l w is d om in Mb a w a V illa g e c a n b rid g e t h e c om m u nit y m e m b e rs of d iffe re nt re lig io u s be lie fs .
K e y w o r d s : s t ra t e g y of ha rm on y , lo c a l w is d om , re lig iou s t ole ra n c e
A b s t r a k : Ma s y a r a k a t D o n g g o m e ru p a k a n s e b u a h e t n is y a n g m e n d ia m i D e s a Mb a w a , K e c a m a t a n D o n g g o, K a b u p a t e n B im a , Nu s a T e n g g a ra B a ra t . E t n is in i t e rd iri a t a s b e rb a g a i m a c a m p e n g a n ut a g a m a m on ot e is s e p e rt i I s la m , K ha t olik d a n Pro t e s t a n . D e n g a n la t a r be la k a ng m a s y a ra k a t m a j e m uk y a ng t e rdiri da ri be rba g a i m a ca m a g a m a , m a s y a ra k a t D ong g o di D e s a Mba w a da p a t m e m e liha ra ha rm on is a s i a nt a ra ng g ot a m a s y a ra k a t . T uj ua n pe ne lit ia n in i d im a k s u d k a n un t u k m e n g k a j i b a g a im a na m a s y a ra k a t D e s a Mb a w a y a n g t e rd iri a t a s b e rb a g a i m a c a m p e n g a nu t a g a m a d a p a t m e n g h in d a ri k on flik b e rb a s is a g a m a . S e la in it u , s t ra t e g i a p a s a j a y a ng d ig u na k a n s e b a g a i w a ha n a m e w uj ud k a n k e h a rm on is a n m a s y a ra k a t D e s a Mb a w a . Me t o d e o b s e rv a s i d ig u na k a n s e b a g a i t u m p ua n ut a m a d a la m p e n e lit ia n ini. H a s il d a r i p e n e l it i a n i n i m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a d a l a m m e n j a g a k e r u k u n a n a n t a r u m a t , m a s y a ra k a t D e s a Mb a w a m e n g g u na k a n k e a r ifa n lo k a l s e b a g a i s t ra t e g i b u d a y a u n t uk m e n g h in d a ri t e rj a d iny a k o nflik a n t a ru m a t . Pe n e lit ia n in i m e n y im p u lk a n b a hw a k e a rifa n lo k a l y a ng h id u p d i D e s a Mb a s a m a m p u m e n j e m b a t a n i a ng g ot a m a s y a ra k a t y a n g b e rb e d a k e y a k in a n .
G a m b a r 2 G e re j a K h a t olik S t . Pa u lu s Mb a w a
s e la m a t a n d i m a s j id d e n g a n m e m b a c a b e b e ra p a s a la w a t d a n d oa - d oa d a la m k it a b m a u lid .
F u n g s i U m a L e m e
R u m a h a d a t U m a L e m e s e b a g a i w a d a h p e m e r s a t u d a n m e n g a n d u n g k e k a y a a n b a i k m a t e ria l m a u p u n n on m a t e ria l p a d a m a s y a ra k a t D e s a Mb a w a . S e c a ra fis ik U m a L e m e in i s u d a h d i s a h k a n o l e h p e m e r i n t a h K a b u p a t e n B i m a s e b a g a i b a n g u n a n c a g a r b u d a y a .
B e r d a s a r k a n a t u r a n a d a t R a f u W i n t a d a n R a fu G u li , k e t u a a d a t h a r u s d a r i a g a m a n o n -I s la m k a re n a s e t ia p p e n y e le n g g a r a a n u p a c a r a a d a t d i U m a L e m e m a k a n a n u t a m a n y a s e b a g a i p e l e n g k a p s e s a j i a d a l a h d a r i d a g i n g b a b i . S e m e n t a r a in i, m a s y a r a k a t m u s lim m e n e r im a d a g in g b a b i s e b a g a i d a g in g p e rs e m b a h a n . Pa d a s a a t p e n e lit ia n s u d a h a d a b e b e ra p a t ok oh d a ri u m a t K h a t olik m e m ilik i p e m ik ira n a g a r t ole ra n s i b e ra g a m a t e t a p h a rm on is s e p e r t i s e k a ra n g , a d a k e in g in a n m e ng g a n t i d a g in g ba b i m e n j a di d a g in g la in y a n g b e rs ifa t le b ih n e t ra l, m is a ln y a d a g in g k e r b a u , a y a m m a u p u n s a p i. K e k h a w a t ir a n in i m u n c u l j ik a g e n e ra s i y a n g a k a n d a t a n g m e m ilik i in t e r p r e t a s i b e r b e d a t e n t a n g p e le n g k a p s e s a j i d e n g a n g e n e ra s i s e k a r a n g .
U p a c a ra R a j u y a n g d is e le n g g a ra k a n d i U m a L e m e t a h u n 2 0 1 5 d i k e t u a i o le h Y o s e p h O m e da ri tok oh a g a m a K ha t olik , unt uk k e ruk una n um a t
b e r a g a m a d i d e s a Mb a w a d i p e r c a y a u n t u k m e n g a k o m o d i r a s p i r a s i u m a t K h a t o l i k d i w ila y a h n y a . Ma s a la h t i d a k p e r n a h a d a k e t ik a be rda m ping a n de ng a n u m a t I s la m da n Prot e s t a n, s e la m a b u d a y a m u s y a w a r a h d a n g ot on g roy on g y a n g d ipa k a i s e b a g a i a c u a n . “K a m i s a t u ru m p u n d a n k e lu a rg a y a n g s a m a , h a n y a k e y a k ina n s a j a y a n g b e r b e d a ! ” d e m ik ia n u n g k a p n y a . B ila a d a p e r n ik a h a n a t a u p u n k e rj a s o s ia l la in n y a y a n g a n t u s ia s m e m ba n t u ny a da n le b ih b e rp e ra n d a la m m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e k e r j a a n j u s t r u u m a t y a n g b e r b e d a a g a m a d a r i p e n y e l e n g g a r a a c a r a . D e m ik ia n p u la u m a t I s la m d a n Prot e s t a n t id a k m e ra s a c a n g g u n g k e t ik a b e rd a m p in g a n d e n g a n p e m e luk a g a m a K h a t olik .
K e u n i k a n y a n g s a n g a t m e n a r i k j u g a d id a p a t k a n d i D e s a Mb a w a , d a la m s a t u ru m a h – d a la m k e lu a r g a in t i ( n u c le a r fa m ily ) , t e rd a p a t p e rb e d a a n a g a m a d a n k e y a k in a n . B ila s e ora n g a y a h b e ra g a m a K h a t olik , a n a k , s a u d a ra m a u p u n is t r i t e r d a p a t k e y a k in a n y a n g b e r b e d a s e p e rt i I s la m m a u pu n Prot e s t a n . D a la m ru m a h t id a k a d a p e rt e n t a n g a n a t a u p u n k e s e n j a n g a n a n t a ra a n a k d a n o ra n g t u a a p a la g i is t ri. A n g g o t a k e lu a rg a t e t a p s a lin g m e n g h orm a t i d a n m e n g ha rg a i s e s ua i d e n g a n a p a y a n g d ip e lu k d a n d iy a k in i. K e t ik a a d a u ru s a n k e lu a r g a , m e r e k a t e t a p h a d ir d a n b e r k u m p u l. E m o s i k e a g a m a a n d a n k e y a k in a n s e r t a e m os i k e lu a rg a s e la lu d ib e d a k a n p os is in y a
k a re n a k e d u a e m os i it u m e n g a j a rk a n k e d a m a ia n d a n k e h a rm on is a n a n t a ru m a t m a n u s ia . Na m u n s e b a lik n y a , k e d u a e m os i in i s a n g a t m u d a h j u g a d ip r o v o k a s i u n t u k m e m b a n g k i t k a n s e n t i m e n k e lom p ok . Pa r a t ok oh a g a m a m e n y ik a p i s e c a r a a r if y a it u d e n g a n c a ra m e n g e d e p a n k a n r a s io -n a lit a s d a r ip a d a e m os io-n a l d a la m m e -n y e le s a ik a -n s u a t u m a s a la h .
B e b e r a p a p e m u k a a g a m a I s l a m m e n g a -t a k a n , w a l a u p u n p e n d u d u k D e s a M b a w a m a y o r i t a s b e r a g a m a I s l a m , n a m u n t e t a p m e n g h a rg a i u m a t K h a t olik m a u p u n Pr ot e s t a n , k a r e n a m e r e k a a d a la h p e n d u d u k a s li b e r a r t i s a u d a r a j u g a . S i k a p t o l e r a n j u g a d a p a t d ib u k t ik a n p a d a s a a t p e r a y a a n h a r i r a y a d a r i k e t ig a u m a t b e ra g a m a b e rb e d a t e rs e b u t . S e t ia p p e r w a k i la n s e la lu d iu n d a n g u n t u k m e n g h a d ir i a c a r a n y a . J i k a a d a a c a r a p e r a y a a n I d u l F it r i u m a t I s la m t e t a p s ila t u r a h m i k e t e m p a t u m a t la in s e p e r t i u m a t K h a t o li k m a u p u n P r o t e s t a n u n t u k m o h on m a a f la h ir d a n b a t in . Pa d a s a a t b u l a n R a m a d h a n t i b a w a k t u u m a t I s l a m m e la k s a n a k a n p u a s a , p e m e luk a g a m a la in j u g a ik u t m e la k s a n a k a n a k t iv it a s la y a k n y a s e p e r t i u m a t I s la m . B a h k a n u m a t K h a t olik da n Prot e s t a n t id a k m e m a s a k m a u p u n m e la k u k a n a k t iv it a s y a n g b is a m e n g g a n g g u m a u p u n m e m b a t a lk a n p u a s a b a g i u m a t I s la m . U n t u k m e m b u k t ik a n h a l in i, p e n e lit i ha d ir la n g s u n g k e D e s a Mb a w a k e t ik a b u la n p u a s a t a h u n 1 4 3 6 H . P e n e lit i m e n e m u i k e lu a rg a m u s lim d a n k e lua rg a K h a t olik . K a la u d i
k e l u a r g a m u s l i m s u d a h p a s t i t i d a k a k a n m e n y u g u h k a n m in u m a n p a d a s a a t b u la n p u a s a . S e d a n g k a n d i k e l u a r g a K h a t o l i k j u g a t i d a k m e n y e d ia k a n m a k a n a n d a n m in u m a n m e s k ip u n m e re k a s e d a n g t id a k b e r p u a s a . D a ri h a l in ila h d a p a t d ilih a t t ole ra n s i y a n g t in g g i u m a t K h a t olik t e r h a d a p u m a t I s la m .
S ik a p t o le ra n s e p e rt i d i a t a s d ia w a li p a d a t a h u n 1 9 2 5 d i K o t a B i m a p a d a s a a t p e m e -rin t a h a a n K e s u lt a n a n B im a m e m b a n g u n m a s j id R a y a R a b a B a it u l H a m id. B e rs a m a a n it u p u la S ri s u lt a n m e n g ij in k a n d a n m e w a k a fk a n t a n a h S ri S u l t a n u n t u k m e m b a n g u n g e r e j a P r o t e s t a n . W a la u p u n j u m la h Um a t Pro t e s t a n p a d a s a a t it u h a n y a 6 o r a n g s e p e r t i T u a n K a l a s e ( K e p a l a H I S ) , Tu a n Me r u S olok s in e r ( p e n ili) , Tu a n S a b a d a ri T im or T im u r y a n g j u g a j a d i m a n t ri k e s e h a t a n s e r t a T u a n S e l i ( Ma n t r i h e w a n ) . Ta n g g a l 1 3 D e s e m b e r 1 6 3 3 d i B im a s u d a h a d a m is i K h a t olik da ri ora n g - ora ng Port ug is . S ri S u lt a n m e ng ij ink a n k e h a d i r a n p a s t u r d a r i J e r m a n m e n g a j a r k a n B a h a s a I n g g ris d a n u n t u k m e n y e b a r k a n a g a m a K h a t o l ik y a n g d ip u s a t k a n d i D e s a Mb a w a - d i d a e r a h D o n g g o y a n g p a d a w a k t u it u m a s y a -r a k a t n y a m a s i h m e n g a n u t k e p e r c a y a a n M a k a k i m b i - M a k a k a m b a ( A n i m i s m e d a n D i n a m is m e ) .
P e r a n T o k o h A g a m a , M a s y a r a k a t d a n P a r a O r a n g T u a D a l a m P e r b e d a a n
Ma s y a r a k a t D e s a Mb a w a s a n g a t m e n g h a r g a i d a n m e n g h orm a t i t ok oh a g a m a m a u p u n t ok oh m a s y a r a k a t . Ma s y a r a k a t t id a k a k a n b e r t in d a k d a n b e r b u a t s e n d iri- s e n d ir i, b ila d ila ra n g ole h t o k o h n y a p a s t i a k a n d i i k u t i o l e h a n g g o t a m a s y a r a k a t n y a . T o k o h t u a l e b i h p r o a k t i f m e m b e r ik a n s o lu s i k e t ik a a d a p e r m a s a la h a n . W a l a u p u n s e l a m a i n i E t n i k D o n g g o s u d a h m e n g e n a l d u n ia g a i b d a la m i s t i la h s e t e m p a t d is e b u t d e n g a n R a f u , l e n g k a p n y a P a r a f u R o Pa m b or o. Pa r a fu m e r u p a k a n roh a t a u s e s u a t u y a n g d ia n g g a p g a ib . J a m a n t e r d a h u lu k e t ik a a d a m a s a l a h m a s y a r a k a t s e l a l u m i n t a t o l o n g p e m e c a h a n m a s a la h n y a k e p a d a R a fu .
U n t u k m e n t r a d is ik a n R a fu s a m p a i s a a t in i m a s y a r a k a t D o n g g o d i D e s a Mb a w a m a s i h m e n c a t a t a d a k e t u ru n a n R a fu y a it u : R a fu W in t e , R a f u G u li , R a f u Ni ’u , R a fu K a s a ’a , R a f u L a t u , R a f u R a t o , R a f u S a d o d a n R a f u R a e . P a r a g e n e ra s i m u d a s a m p a i s e k a r a n g d ik e n a lk a n d a n d i a j a r k a n t e n t a n g R a f u d a n u n s u r - u n s u r p e m b e d a d a ri k e a rifa n lok a l m a u p u n a g a m a d a n k e y a k in a n y a n g d ia n u t o le h m a s y a r a k a t D e s a Mb a w a . P a r a t o k o h a g a m a d a n m a s y a r a k a t h a ru s m e n g e n a lk a n d a n m e n g a j a rk a n t e n t a n g p e rb e d a a n , p e n d id ik a n m u lt ik u lt u r, d a n m u lt i-a g i-a m i-a d i-a l i-a m m i-a s y i-a r i-a k i-a t . S e k i-a l i p u n d i-a l i-a m k e l u a r g a y a n g h i d u p s e i m a n , m e n g e n a i
p e r b e d a a n a g a m a d a n k e b u d a y a a n p e r l u d ia j a rk a n d a n d ij e la s k a n p a d a a n a k - a n a k s e d in i m u n g k in . Te r le b ih la g i, p a d a a n a k - a n a k y a n g ra s a ing in t a h u d a n p e n a la ra n n y a s u d a h m u la i t u m b u h , p e n j e la s a n d ib e r ik a n d e n g a n b a h a s a y a n g m u d a h d i m e n g e r t i . O r a n g t u a p e r l u m e n j e la s k a n a g a m a a p a y a n g a n a k p ilih s e rt a m e n g a r a h k a n a g a r a l a s a n d a l a m p e m i l i h a n a g a m a t e r s e b u t l e b i h d i t i t i k b e r a t k a n p a d a a g a m a y a n g t e rb a ik m e n u ru t a n a k . A n a k j u g a h a r u s m e n g e n a l d a n m e m a h a m i k e b u d a y a a n o r a n g t u a d a r i e t n i k m a n a a n a k b e r a s a l . S e la n j u t n y a a n a k - a n a k j u g a h a r u s d ik e n a lk a n e t n ik y a n g a d a d i lin g k u n g a n s os ia lny a .
W u j u d N y a t a T o l e r a n s i
B e r t it ik t ola k d a ri u ra ia n d i a t a s b a h w a fu n g s i u m a l e m e m e n j a d i a m a t p e n t in g . U m a l e m e s e b a g a i p u s a t t ole ra n s i d a n s u m b e r p e n y a t u a n a n t a ru m a t b e r a g a m a . U m a le m e s e b a g a i p u s a t or ie n t a s i p e n y e le n g g a r a a n u p a c a ra R a j u . U m a L e m e d a n u p a c a ra R a j u d a p a t d ij a d ik a n ru j u k a n k e s a d a r a n s o s i a l a n t a r u m a t y a n g b e r b e d a a g a m a .
D a la m a n t r o p o lo g i s o s ia l u m a l e m e b a g i o r a n g D o n g g o y a n g a d a d i D e s a M b a w a m e r u p a k a n s u a t u k e k u a t a n b u d a y a y a n g b e rp e r a n s e n t rip e t a l ( m e m u s a t ) d a la m m e n y a -t u k a n p a r a w a r g a D e s a Mb a w a s e c a r a lin -t a s a g a m a , lin t a s g o lo n g a n k e d a la m s u a t u u n it
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Um a t K h a t o lik U m a t Pr o t e s t a n
m o s ik a n ) k e b u d a y a a n lo k a l ( d a e r a h ) s e b a g a i b u d a y a k re a t if. Pe ny e le n g g a ra a n u p a c a ra R a j u s e t ia p t a h u n d a p a t d ij a d ik a n k e g ia t a n t a h u n a n u n t u k m e n g h a d irk a n w is a t a w a n k e D e s a Mb a w a ; 3 ) Me n g h a r g a i k a r y a l e l u h u r t e r u t a m a y a n g m e m ilik i n ila i b u d a y a y a n g p os it if d a n p rog re s if s e p e r t i U m e L e m e ( r u m a h r u n c i n g ) s e b a g a i m e d ia a t a u s im b ol in t e g ra s i d a n t ole ra n s i y a n g m e n g k e r u c u t k a n k e s a t u a r a h d a l a m h a l in i a d a la h Tu h a n y a n g m e n g a n d u n g n ila i s a k ra l d a ri p e m e lu k a g a m a I s la m , K h a t olik d a n Prot e s t a n y a n g a d a d i D e s a Mb a w a ; d a n 4 ) Me n t ra d is ik a n p e m b e r ia n n a m a d a p a t m e n g a n g k a t m a r t a b a t d a r i p e r a d a b a n l a m a u n t u k m a s a d e p a n , m e m p e rk u a t j a t i d iri d a n p e m b e n t u k a n k a ra k t e r, s e b a g a i m e d i a p e n d i d i k a n m u l t i k u l t u r d a n m u lt ia g a m a .
S a r a n
K a s u s k e a r ifa n lo k a l, t r a d is i p e m b e r ia n n a m a , p e n y e le ng g a ra a n U pa c a ra R a j u da n m e m u s a t k a n p e n y e le n g g a r a a n u p a c a ra d i U m a L e m e d a p a t
m e w u j u d k a n in t e g ra s i d a n t o le r a n s i b e ra g a m a y a n g t e r j a d i d i D e s a Mb a w a p e r lu d ia p r e s ia s i d a n d ia p lik a s ik a n d i t e m p a t la in d i I n d o n e s ia . D a p a t d ipa s t ik a n b a h w a t id a k s e d ik it p e n d u d u k d i d a e ra h la in d i I n d on e s ia y a n g p e n d u du k n y a m u lt ie t n ik , b u d a y a , d a n a g a m a .
P e m e r in t a h s e b a g a i p e m e g a n g k e b ij a k a n , b a ik d a la m b ida n g k e b u d a y a a n d a n a g a m a p e rlu k ira n y a m e m b u a t g e r a k a n p r o g r a m m e n g e n a i a k u lt u r a s i d a n r e l a s i y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k e d u a h a l t e rs e b u t . S e b a lik n y a p e r lu a d a d ia log a n t a r a t o k o h - t o k o h a g a m a y a n g a d a d e n g a n t o k o h k e b u d a y a a n l o k a l d e n g a n m e m b a h a s b e n t u k p e n g a k u a n a k a n ot on om i a g a m a - a g a m a d a n ot on om i b u d a y a , s e h in g g a w ila y a h a g a m a d a n w il a y a h b u d a y a t i d a k d ic a m p u r a d u k k a n . Na m u n pe rlu d ic a t a t b a hw a b ila t e rj a d i hu b u ng a n ( re la s i) a n t a r a k e b u d a y a a n d a n a g a m a b u k a n b e r a r t i n ila i a g a m a d it u ru n k a n k e s a k r a la n n y a . B e g it u j u g a s e b a lik n y a , n ila i k e b u d a y a a n t id a k h a r u s d i a n g k a t s a m a d e r a j a t k e s u c i a n n y a d e n g a n n ila i a g a m a .
P U S T A K A A C U A N
A rm in i, A . I . G . 2 0 1 3 . Tole ra n s i Ma s y a ra k a t Mu lt i E t n is d a n Mu lt i A g a m a D a la m O rg a n is a s i S u b a k D i B a li, J u rn a l Pe n e lit ia n S e j a ra h d a n B u d a y a Pa t a n j a la , 5 ( 1 ) , 4 8 - 4 9 .
A rs a n a , I . G . K . G . 2 0 0 6 . S e g re g a s i S os ia l D a n Pola A d a p t a s i B u d a y a D a la m K e h id u p a n Plu ra lis m e A g a m a D i D e s a D a lu n g , K e c a m a t a n K u t a U t a ra , K a b u pa t e n B a d u n g . T e s is ( t id a k
d ip u b lik a s ik a n ) . D e n p a s a r: Prog ra m Pa s c a S a rj a n a U n iv e rs it a s U d a y a n a . C on fido, J . V. 2 0 1 5 . 7 T ing k a t k a n S t ra t e g i. L ion m a g ( 2 2 - 2 3 ) .
D h a n a , N., A g u n g A A G P, Pa rim a rt h a I G , G e riy a W, & S u d a rm a W. 2 0 0 2 . I n t e g ra s i A n t a re t n ik B e r b e d a A g a m a Me la lu i Up a c a ra A g a m a K a j ia n T e n t a n g H u bu n g a n A n t a re t n ik B a li d a n S a s a k Me la lu i Up a c a ra Pe ra n g T o p a t d i Pu ra L in g s a r L om b ok . D e n p a s a r: B a la i K a j ia n S e j a ra h d a n Nila i Tra d is ion a l.
Fa t m a w a t i, I . 2 0 1 4 . E fe k t iv it a s B u a h L e ra k ( S a p in du s R a ra k D e C a n d ole ) S e b a g a i B a h a n
Pe m b e r s ih L og a m Pe ra k , Pe ru n g g u d a n B e s i. J u rn a l K on s e r v a s i C a g a r B u d a y a B orob u d u r. 8 ( 2 ) 2 3 - 3 0 .
H u n t in g t on , S . P. 1 9 9 6 . T h e C la s h O f C iv ilis a t ion s a n d T h e R e m a k in g O f T h e W orld O r d e r . Ne w Y or k : To u c h s t o n e B o ok .
Ma rj a n t o, D , K . 2 0 1 5 . K e a r ifa n L ok a l Up a c a ra R u w a t a n R a m b u t G e m b e l d a n H u b un g a n n y a D e n g a n Pe le s t a r ia n n L in g k u n g a n d i K a w a s a n D ie n g . J u rn a l Pe n e lit ia n S e j a ra h d a n Nila i T r a d is ion a l, 2 2 ( 2 ) 2 7 9 - 3 0 4 .
Pe u rs e n , V. C . A . 1 9 8 9 . S t ra t e g i K e b u d a y a a n . Yog y a k a rt a : Pe n e r b it K a n is iu s . E d is i K e d u a .
Pu rn a , I . M. 2 0 0 1 . B u d a y a Ma s y a ra k a t Pe rb a t a s a n S t u d i K a s u s D e s a Pe g a y a m a n B u le le n g , J u rn a l Pe n e lit ia n S e j a ra h d a n Nila i T ra d is ion a l . 2 ( 2 ) 3 4 - 3 8 .
Pu rn a , I , M. 2 0 0 7 . Pe n d id ik a n I d e olog i Mu lt ik u lt u ra l D a la m K e t a h a n a n B u d a y a B a n g s a I n d on e s ia ( d a la m A n a lis is S W O T ) . J u rn a l J n a n a B u d a y a . X I ( 1 1 ) 1 - 1 1 .
Pu rw a n t o, S . A , e d . 2 0 1 5 . R e v olu s i Me n t a l S e b a g a i S t ra t e g i K e b u d a y a a n . J a k a rt a : Pu s a t Pe n e lit ia n d a n P e n g e m b a n g a n K e b u d a y a a n .
S a t y a n a n d a , I M. 2 0 1 5 . R u m a h Tra d is ion a l D on g g o. J u rn a l J n a n a B u d a y a . 2 0 ( 2 ) 2 4 7 - 2 6 4 .
S it u m ora n g , R . O . P. & S im a n j u n t a k , E . R . 2 0 1 5 . K e a rifa n L ok a l Pe n g e lola a n H u t a n ole h Ma s y a ra k a t S e k it a r K a w a s a n Ta m a n W is a t a A la m S ic ik e - C ik e , S u m a t e ra Ut a ra . J u rn a l W id y a ris e t . 1 8 ( 1 ) 1 4 5 - 1 5 3 .
S u d a rm a , I . W. 2 0 0 1 . B u d a y a Ma s y a ra k a t d a n Pot e n s i K on flik d a la m Pe rs p e k t if Mu lt ik u lt u ra lis m e . J u rn a l J n a n a B u d a y a E d is i K e s e b e la s . X I ( 1 1 ) 4 1 - 4 3 .
S u d a rm a , I . W. 2 0 0 7 . K a j ia n A n t a re t n ik d a la m Pe la k s a n a a n Up a c a ra Tra d is ion a l d i Pu ra S u b a k Me d e w i J e m b ra n a . J u rn a l Pe n e lit ia n S e j a ra h d a n Nila i T ra d is ion a l , I ( 1 ) 1 2 2 - 1 2 5 .
S u d j ion o, A . 2 0 0 9 . Pe n g a n t a r E v a lu a s i Pe n d id ik a n . J a k a r t a : PT R a j a G r a fin d o Pe rs a d a . S u w it h a , I , G , P. 2 0 1 5 . A k t u a lis a s i Nila i- Nila i Me ny a m a B ra y a d a la m Me m b a n g u n Ma s y a ra k a t
Mu lt ik u lt u r d i Pe d e s a a n B a li. J u rn a l J n a n a B u d a y a . 2 0 ( 2 ) 1 6 3 - 1 7 9 .
Tu le , P. S . V. D . 2 0 1 0 . W a h a n a H a rm on is a s i Ma s y a ra k a t Me la lu i Pe m b a n g u n a n d a n K e s e j a h t e ra a n , d a la m B u k u I n d u s t ri B u d a y a - B u d a y a I n d u s t ri . J a k a r t a : K e m e n t e r ia n K e b u d a y a a n d a n P a r iw is a t a .
