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r o f t s ir h C s u s e J o t e d u ti t a r g t s e p e e d y m e v i g o t e k il d l u o w I , ll a f o t s ri F
I . m i H t u o h ti w g n i h t o n m a I e s u a c e b e m s e v a e l r e v e n e H e v e il e b I . s g n i s s e l b s i H
n d l u o w I m e h t t u o h ti W . s e i c r e m r e h r o f y r a M r e h t o M k n a h t o s l
a eve rbeable t o
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h thesi sw iritng . Iwould ilket o t hankherf o rbeingsopaiten twtih , n a m i d u B a n it n e l a V a d n i L k n a h t o s l a I . s n o it s e g g u s e m g n i v i g d n a s s e n k a e w y m
l l a r o F . y d u t s y m d e tr a t s I e c n i s s s e n d n i k r e h d n a e c n a d i u g r e h r o f ,. m u H . M , . S . S
y m f
o lecture sand academic staf fin Engilsh Letter sDepa trmen to f Sanata . y d u t s y m g n ir u d e c n a d i u g r i e h t r o f s k n a h t t a e r g y m e v i g I , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D
t u o b a s e r a c o h w , y li m a f y m o t s k n a h t g i b y m e v i g o t e k il d l u o w I , n e h T
,r e h t o m y m d n a , g n i b o T n o s l e N , r e h t a f d e v o l e b y m k n a h t I . e
m Mairna Sjiabat ,
, r e h t o r b y m k n a h t o s l a I . r e y a r p d n a , tr o p p u s , n o it n e tt a , e v o l s s e l d n e r i e h t r o f
d n a n o it n e tt a r i e h t r o f , g n i b o T a il i s e S , r e t s i s y m d n a , g n i b o T i l u r a M
. h c u m o s m e h t e v o l I .t n e m e g a r u o c n
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li m a f ’ e 1 1 o l u g r A
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s s e n r e h t e g o t d n a p i h s d n e ir
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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ... i ..
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ... ii E
G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ... iii
E G A P T N E M E T A T
S ... vi
I S A K I L B U P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L ... v
E G A P O T T O
M ... iv
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... v ii
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... iv ii
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... x
T C A R T S B
A ... x ii ....
K A R T S B
A ... xi ii
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ... 1 .... .
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .. .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy ... 4 .... .
D De ifniitono fTerm s ... 5
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ... 7 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudie s ... 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s ... 9 .
1 Theoryo fCharacte randcharacteirzaiton ... 9 .... .
2 Theoryo fFamliyRelaitonship ... 21 .
3 Theoryo fMessage ... 13 .
C Theoreitca lFramework ... 15 ....
Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ... 16 .
A Objec toft heStudy ... 16 .
B Approachoft heStudy ... 18 .
C Methodoft heStudy ... 91
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ... 21 .
A TheDescirpitonoft heCharacter s ... 21 .
1 TheCharacteirzaitono fAnna ... 21 .
2 TheCharacteirzaitono fSara ... 24 .
3 TheCharacteirzaitono fB iran ... 92 .
4 TheCharacteirzaitono fKate ... 32 .
i x .
B TheRelaitonship sbetweenAnnaandherf amliy ... 36 .
1 TheRelaitonshipbetweenAnnaandSara ... 36 .... .
2 TheRelaitonshipbetweenAnnaandB iran ... 38 .. .
3 TheRelaitonshipbetweenAnnaandKate ... 9.. 3 .
4 TheRelaitonshipbetweenAnnaandJ esse ... 40 .. .
C TheMora lMessages ... 41 .
1 Listent oOther s ... 42 .
2 Tellt heTruth ... 44 .
3 Dono tEndange rOthers ... 46
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ... 48
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ... 53 :
X I D N E P P
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundo fStudy
y r a r e ti l g n i d a e r y B . tr a f o s k r o w s a d e u l a v e r a t a h t s g n it ir w s i e r u t a r e ti L
s t n e v e t u o b a o s l a d n a f l e s ti e r u t a r e ti l n r a e l n a c s r e d a e r e h t ,s k r o
w and i ssuesi n ti .
a m a r d d n a l e v o n , y rt e o p , y r o t s t r o h s s a h c u s s e p y t l a r e v e s e r a e r e h t , e r u t a r e ti l n I
e s o r p f o e c e i p a s i tI . l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n I . y a l p r o
d t i t a h t o s y r o t s t r o h s e h t n a h t r e t a e r g s i h t g n e l s ti t u b , n o it c
if eal swtih more
.s n o it a u ti s e r o m d n a s r e t c a r a h c
d e t a t s e l k n e
H tha t“reading anoveli salso ap irvateexpeirence, i n which , s n o it a e r c s ’ k o o b e h t n o p u e s u m o t s e m it t a g n i s u a p , e c a p n w o s ’ e n o t a s e v o m e n o
n i o t , n o it c a r o e l p o e p s ’l e v o n e h t t u o b a m a e r d y a d o
t corporatewha tonehasr ead l e v o n a g n i d a e r f o s s e c o r p e h T . y r o m e m n w o s ’ e n o o t n i t u o b a t h g u o h t d n a
y a l p e g a t s a g n i s s e n ti w f o t c a e h t ;t u o d a e r p s o t n o it a n i g a m i s ’ r e d a e r e h t s e c u d n i
n o it n e tt a s i h s u c o f o t r o t a t c e p s e h t s e ri u q e r y ll a u s
u ” (1977 :25 .)
f o e n
O theway speople can l earn from l tieraturei st hrough t hemessage. n
i y d o o M o t g n i d r o c c
A The Teaching o fLtierature, ltierary work alway soffer s t h g ir e h t r o f e l g g u rt s , s r o i v a h e b e l b o n s ’ n a m u h h ti w d e t c e n n o c s e g a s s e m l a r o m
: 1 7 9 1 ( g n i e b n a m u h f o y ti n g i d d n
a 48) .Thi sstudy discusse smassage sfrom ,
k r o w y r a r e ti
l MySister’ sKeeperbyJod iPicoutl ,speciifcallyf ort her elaitonship . n
I Human Relaitons :Persona land Professiona lDevelopment ,DeCenzo and d
d a b d n a d o o g f o g n i h c a e t a s n a e m l a r o m y ll a r e n e g t a h t y lf e ir b d i a s e b n a c t I
.) 9 8 : 6 6 9 1 , y e n n e K
( I tindrieclty can be something tha tmigh tautho rwant sto .s
r e d a e r e h t o t y e v n o c
r e p e e K s ’ r e t s i s y
M t do l abou tAnna, t hemain character ,who did no tge t y d o b e h t f o t r a p r e h e t u b ir t n o c o t s a h e h s e s u a c e b y d o b n w o r o f s t h g ir r e h
n e h w e s a e s i d s u o ir e s a d e s o n g a i d s a w e t a K . e t a K , r e t s i s r e d l e r e h o t y l s u o u n it n o c
a i m e k u e l c it y c o l e y m o r p e t u c a s a h e h s , o w t s a w e h
s (APL) .I twa sdfi ifcutlt o be .
d e r u
c Then thedocto rsuggested Saraand B irant odogeneitcplanning,t ha twa s g
n it a e r
c babyfo rheatlhpurposes .Thef actt hatt heonlyr easonAnnawa sborni s .
e t a K r o f p o r c t s e v r a h a s a
s u l c n o c k o o t r e ti r w e h t , e s o h t m o r
F ion a s the message abou t thi s m
o r F . p i h s n o it a l e r s r e t c a r a h
c My Sister’ sKeeper ,the reader scan learn abou t y d u t s s i h T . r e h t o h ti w n o it a l e r s a h , y li m a f n i s e v il y r e v E . p i h s n o it a l e r f o s e g a s s e m
. s u d n u o r a n e p p a h t a h t p i h s n o it a l e r e m a s e h t s e v i g y ti li b i s s o
p Thi snoveli sabou t
a n n A . d o o h g n il b i s d n a d o o h t n e r a p , y li m a
f who wa sthitreen decided to sue he r s
a e r e h W . r e t s i s r e h r e p e e k r o f n r o b s a w e h S . s t h g ir r e h r o f s t n e r a
p , there were
u o h tl A . ’ r e t s i s r e h e c if ir c a s o t s i r e t h g u a d r u o y e v a s o t y a w y l n o e h t‘ n e tt ir
w gh
.l a u s u s a r e h t e g o t e v il l li t s s a w e h s ,s t n e r a p r e h d e u s e h s
s r e d a e r e h
T mayhaved fiferen topinionabou tAnna’ sdecision .Peoplecan s e o d t i , d o o g s i t a h t k n i h t e w t a h w s e m it e m o s t u b , d o o g s i ti k n i h t y e h t t a h w o d
o e h t r o f d o o g o s l a s i ti t a h t n a e m t o
n thers .Good f o ronemigh tbebadi n society . ti
t e r p r e t n i o t s r e d a e r e h t r o f m o d e e r f s i e r e h
T .I tjus tshow swhati sgood o rbad , .
n o h c r a e s e r e h t g n i o d n i n o s a e r e h
T message i sgenerally giving the e
fi l t u o b a n o s s e l s r e d a e
r ,even daliyr elaiton .TheFtizgeraldsi sanuclearf amliy . e
h
T messagecanbel earned mfro ther elaitonshipAnnawtihherf amliyi nthi sMy r
e p e e K s ’ r e t s i
S novel . tIi sno tonlyAnna’sr elaitonship wtih he rsister ,who need r
e h h ti w o s l a t u b , n o it a n o d r e
h mothe,rf ather ,andbrothe.r
.
B ProblemFormula iton
e r a e r e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I threeproblems tobeexamined .Thef ris tproblemi s h
t f o t n e m e l e c i s n ir t n i e h t e n i m a x e o t d e s o p r u
p enovel ,andt henex tproblem s are t
f o t n e m e l e c i s n ir t x e e h t e n i m a x e o t d e s o p r u
p henovel .Thet hreeproblem swere .s
w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f
.
1 Howaret hecharacter sdesc irbedi nt henovel? .
2 How are the relaitonship sbetween Anna and he rfamliy revealed in thi s ?
l e v o n .
3 Wha taret hemessagesr evealedf romAnna’sr elaitonship swtihherf amliy in l
e v o n e h
t ?
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
o t s i y d u t s s i h t f o m i a e h
T presen tt he message so fthe relaitonship son s
’t l u o c i P i d o
J My Sister’ sKeeper .The objecitve so fthe study presented the r
e w s n
a s fo thequesitonss tatedi nt heproblemf ormulaiton.Thef oristist descirbe c
it s ir e t c a r a h c e h
t soft hecharacters int henove,lt heyareAnna ,Sara ,Kate ,B iran , .
d n o c e s e h
T objecitve,t hewrtiert irest o explain t her elaitonship sbetween h
ti w a n n A n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e r a e s o h T . y li m a f r e h d n a a n n
A he rparents ,Sara
. e s s e J d n a e t a K , s g n il b i s r e h h ti w a n n A p i h s n o it a l e r e h t d n a , n a ir B d n
a Finally ,
h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r s ’ a n n A m o r f d e l a e v e r s e g a s s e m e h t y fi t n e d i o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t
. y li m a f r e h
.
D De ifniitono fTerms
e b o t d e t s il s m r e t l a c i n h c e t e m o s e r a e r e h
T clairifed to avoid
. y d u t s s i h t n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m
.
1 Message
n i r e t n u H d n a y t a e
B New World o f Ltierature give the explanaiton on y l p m i s e b n a c t a h t s n o i s u l c n o c y s a e e m o s r o g n i n a e m l a u t c a e h t s a s e g a s s e m
) 9 9 8 : 9 8 9 1 ( t r a f o k r o w a e d i s n i d e z ir a m m u s r o d e t a t
s .Whlie ,in Longman
t a h t d e t a t s h s il g n E y r a r o p m e t n o C f o y r a n o it c i
D message i sthe main o rmos t
n a tr o p m
i tidea tha tsomeone i s rtying to tel lpeople abou tin a book (Gadsby , 0
4 1 1 : 1 0 0
2 ) . .
2 Rela itonship
n
I Longman Dicitonaryo fContemporary Eng ilsh stated t ha trelaitonship y a w e h t ;r e h t o h c a e s d r a w o t e v a h e b s p u o r g o w t r o e l p o e p o w t h c i h w n i y a w e h t s i
h c i h w s
i two o rmore thing sare connected and affec teach other ;a stiuaiton in r
e h t e g o t e m it d n e p s e l p o e p o w t h c i h
w o r ilvet ogether ;t hewayi n whichyou are (
y li m a f r u o y n i e n o e m o s o t d e t a l e
r Gadsby ,2001 :1521 .) The term relaitonship s
e t a l e
t n e m p o l e v e
D , Humanr elaitonsi st hecompostieofi nteracitonst ha texis tbetween
s n o it a l e r n a m u H . s e v il l a n o i s s e f o r p d n a l a n o s r e p r i e h t f o s t c e p s a l l a n i e l p o e p
o t w o h n r a e l d n a s e v l e s r u o d n a t s r e d n u s u s p l e
h interac twtih other s(DeCenzo & ,
k e n a h li
S 2002 :2 .) In othe rword ,relaitonship i sarelaiton ori nteraciton people .s
a r o f ti a w e t a K t e l r o y b a b a n g i s e d d l u o w y e h t r e h t e h w e s o o h c o t t h g ir e h t e v a h
.r o n o d e l b a ti u s
t d li h c r e h t o n a e v a h o t e d i c e d s d l a r e g z ti F e h t n e h
W o save Kate, t hey ac t g n i v a h n e e w t e b e s o o h c o t t h g ir e h t e v a h y e h t t a h t n o it p m u s s a e h t f o t u o
e i d y l b a b o r p d n a r o n o d a r o f t i a w e t a K g n it t e l r o d li h c r e h t o n a
.) 2 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 2 : s e a h l a g a M ( y ll a u t c
A ,thei rdecision to do geneitc planning wa sno twrong .They have the
. r e t h g u a d g n i y d r i e h t e v a s o t d e t n a w y e h T . e s o p r u p d n a s t h g
ir However ,My
r e p e e K s ’ r e t s i
S wa sno tonly about l ove and sacirifce bu talso sisterhood .There
d e r a e p p a a m m e li D . e n o e m o s e c if ir c a s o t d e d e e n t i t u b , s d l a r e g z ti F e h t n i e v o l s a w
a r a S n e h
w migh tsac irifceAnnaf o rKate’sl fie .Annawa sno tsick physicallybu t
r o f ,t c a f n I . y ll a t n e m k c i s t l e f a n n A e d a m e t a K r o f r e h e k a t o t d i d r e h t o m r e h l l a
d i d e h s , s e d i s e B . e t a K r o f s t n e m t a e rt f o t o l a e n o d s a h a n n A s r a e y n e e tr i h t t s o m l a
s t h g ir r e h t e g t o
n a sadaughter .Sheneededmoreattenitonf romhe rmother ,buti t
. e t a K n o d e s u c o f r e h t o m r e h e s u a c e b t o n d i d
r e h n i i n a it s ir K i t k e
B undergraduate thesi senitlted “The Meaning so fa
r e t h g u a D g n i y D r e H o t e v o L s ’ r e h t o
M a sSeen in Jod iPicoul’t sMy Siste r
r e p e e
K ” discussedaboutt her elaitonship.
d n a t s r e d n u o t t n a tr o p m i s i ti , e v o l s ’ a r a S f o s g n i n a e m p e e d e h t w o n k o T
d n a e v o l s ’ r e h t o m s A . n e r d li h c r e h d n a a r a S n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h t
r e h t o
m -chlidrenr elaitonshiparepatr so fpsychologica laspec,ti tdeal swtih r
o i v a h e b s e c n e u lf n i ti w o h d n a d n i
m (K irsitani :2010 .)
e z y l a n a i n a it s ir K h g u o h tl
A d therelaitonship i n samenovel , ti i sdfiferen t
. y d u t s s i h t m o r
f S he analyzed the relaitonship Sara wtih he rchlidren through
w e i v f o t n i o p l a c i g o l o h c y s
p ,wh lie thi sstudy i sanalyzed through the int irnsic
r e h d n a r e h t o m n e e w t e b e v o l s a w e r e h t , y d u t s r e h n i d i a s i n a it s ir K s A
tI . e t a K , r e t h g u a d g n i y
d i sno twrong t o l oveachlid bu tnot t oo much , tii salso
u q e t u b n e r d li h c l l a e v o l o t g n o r w t o
n ally .She ha s irght sto ge tatteniton from
e b d l u o c t i , e m o h n i e r a c e r o m d e e n n e r d li h C . t e g r e t s i s r e h s a h c u m s a r e h t o m
.r e h t a f d n a r e h t o m r i e h t m o r f
, e v o b a s m s i c it ir c e s o h t m o r
F MySiste 'r sKeepershowed wh o tobeagood
n e r a
p t ,a good sister ,a good person .However ,none o fthose studie sfound the
s e g a s s e
m fromt her elaitonshipsasr epresentedbyAnnaFtizgeraldandherf amliy .
r e h t o m o r f t n e r e f fi d y d u t s s i h t e k a m o t , e r o f e r e h
T studies ,the wrtie rfound the
s e g a s s e
m revealedf romAnna’srelaitonship swtihherf amliy .
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
.
1 Theoryo fCharacterandCharacteriza iton
y r o t s e h t ,r e t c a r a h c a t u o h ti W . t n a tr o p m i y r e v s i k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i r e t c a r a h C
n o d e s a B . n u r t o n l li
w A Glossary o fLtierary Terms, Abram ssaid tha tthe
a s i r e t c a r a h
c disitncitvet ypeo fpersoninprose(1981 :20). Healsos aid
Character saret heperson spresentedi nadramaitco rnarraitvework ,whoare l a n o it i s o p s i d d n a l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i
y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u
q s – ay h e dialogue – andbyt heydo– .)
0 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( n o it c a e h t
i , e li h
W nAHandbookt oLtierature ,HolmanandHarmondesc irbedcharacte r
y ti l a n o s r e p n a m u h e h t f o a e d i e h t s e d u l c n i t a h t m r e t d e t a c il p m o c a s
i and the
b o t m e e s t a h t tr a n i e r u t a e r c f o e c n e s e r
p ehuman being so fone sor to ranother ,
s r e d a e r e h t f o n o it a n i g a m i e h t n i t s i x e e r a y e h
d n a d n a l g n E n i d e h s ir u o lf t a h t m o r f y r a r e ti l a o t d e il p p a m r e t a s i r e t c a r a h C
e v it p ir c s e d f e ir b a s i t I . s e ir u t n e c h t n e e t h g i e d n a h t n e e t n e v e s e h t n i e c n a r F
s i n o s r e p e h T . y ti l a u q e ti n if e d e m o s s e if i p y t o h w e g a n o s r e p a f o H C T E K S
e c i v e m o s f o e l p m a x e n a s a t u b y ti l a n o s r e p d e z il a u d i v i d n i n a s a t o n d e b ir c s e d
s u o l u r r a g a , n i k p m u b a , b o f a , n o tt u l g a , y d o b y s u b a s a h c u s , e p y t r o e u tr i v r o
, d i a m k li m y p p a h a , n a m d l
o etc( 1986 :81).
g n i d r o c c
A Rohrberge rand Woods ,characteirzaiton i s t heproces sby which
s e c i v e d e h t ,r e t c a r a h c a s e t a e r c r o h t u a n
a tha tmake u sbeileveacharacteri st he
.) 0 8 : 1 7 9 1 ( s i e h n o s r e p f o e p y t r a l u c it r a
p Characte rcomesf romt heautho rwho
a
m ke skind so fpersonaltiyaret here.
n i y h p r u
M Understanding Unseens :An Introduciton to Engilsh Poetry and
s t n e d u t S s a e s r e v O r o f s l e v o N h s il g n E e h
t menitonedninewaysi nwhichanautho r
e m o c d n a , o t e l b a d n a t s r e d n u s r e t c a r a h c r e h r o s i h e k a m o t s t p m e tt
a ailve fo r
e r a s y a w e n i n e s o h T . s r e d a e
r .
.
a Persona lDescirpiton
T
“ heautho rcan descirbeaperson’ sappearanceand clothes” (1972 :161 .) In
y ll a u s u r o h t u a e h t ,l e v o n e h
t wrotedown t hecharacter’ sappearance .Thisi s
o n k o t y s a e s r e d a e r e h t c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h
t w .
.
b Characte rSeenbyanother
“Instead o f descirbing a characte r drieclty the autho rcan descirbe him
r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e e h t h g u o r h
t ” (1972 : 162 .) By the othe r
e m o s e r a e r e h t , c it s ir e t c a r a h c s r e t c a r a h c e h t t e g l li w s r e d a e r e h t , r e t c a r a h c
a h t s e u l
c tt her eade rknowbyanothe rcharacte.r
.
c Speech
T
“ heautho rcan giveu sani nsighti nto t hecharacte ro foneoft hepersonsi n
f s t u p e h r e v e n e h w , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c n i s i e h r e v e n e h
w orward an
r e t c a r a h c s i h o t e u l c e m o s s u g n i v i g s i e h , n o i n i p
o ”( 1972 :164 .) Ther eader s
o t h c e e p s r e t c a r a h c e h t y a w e h t f o e d u ti tt a e h t m o r f c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k
.r e h t o e h t
.
d Pastl fie
B
“ y l etitng t he reader l earn something abou ta person’ spast l fie t he autho r
n o s r e p s ’ n o s r e p e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t e u l c a s u e v i g n a c
e h t h g u o r h t , r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t c e ri d y b e n o d e b n a c s i h T . r e t c a r a h c
r e h t o n a f o m u i d e m e h t h g u o r h t r o n o it a s r e v n o c s i h h g u o r h t ,s t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e p
n o s r e
p ” (1972 : 166 .) The autho r give s the reader s clue through pas t
.s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t d e c n e u lf n i t a h t e c n e ir e p x e
.
e Conversaitono fothers
T
“ he autho rcan also give u s clue to a person’ s characte r through the
i h t u o b a y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o
c m .People do
e h t o t e u l c a s a e v i g n e tf o y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o t u o b a k l a t
t u o b a n e k o p s n o s r e p e h t f o r e t c a r a h
c ” (1972 :167 .) The conversaiton i s
h g u o r h t c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h w o n k l li w s r e d a e r e h T . t n a tr o p m i
h t n o it a s r e v n o c e h
t echaracters pokenabou.t
.f Reacitons
T
“ heautho rcanalsogiveu sacluet oaperson’ scharacte rbyl etitngu sknow
s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o
h ” (1972 :168 .) The
y e h t m e l b o r p d n a n o it a u ti s h ti w l a e d s r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a
.
g Driec tcomment
T
“ heautho rcandesc irbeo rcommen tonaperson’ scharacte rdrieclty”( 1972 :
r o h t u a e h T . ) 0 7
1 wrtiest hecharacteirsitcdriecltybyhi sopiniono rcomment ,
e h t n i n w o h s s i ti e s u a c e b c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k o t y li s a e s i r e d a e r e h t o s
. l e v o n
.
h Thoughts
T
“ heautho rcangiveu sdriec tknowledgeo fwha tapersoni st hinkingabout .
s i e h t c e p s e r s i h t n
I ablet o dowha twecanno tdo i n r eal l fie .Hecan t el lu s
g n i k n i h t e r a e l p o e p t n e r e f fi d t a h
w ” (1972 : 171) . The autho r wrtie sthe
s ’ n o s r e p t a h t h g u o r h t c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k s r e d a e r e h T . d n i m s ’ r e t c a r a h c
.f o g n i k n i h t
.i Manneirsms
T
“ he autho rcan descirbe a person’ smanneirsms ,habti so ridiosyncrasie s
r e t c a r a h c s i h t u o b a g n i h t e m o s s u l l e t o s l a y a m h c i h
w ”(Murphy ,1972 :173).
e h t f o e d u ti tt a d n a t i b a h , r o i v a h e b e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k s r e d a e r e h T
. e fi l y li a d s ’ r e t c a r a h c
.
2 Theoryo fFamliyRela itonships
i m a
F lyconsist soft hef ather ,mothe randchlid .Ther elaitonship i si mpo tran t
n I . r e h t o r o
f Marriage and the Famliy ,Leclercq said tha t“chlid i sa human
e h t m i h d r a w o t t c a rt n o c s t n e r a p , d lr o w e h t o t n i m i h g n i g n ir b y B . n o s r e p
a m a n i m i h g n ir a e r f o n o it a g il b
o nnert ha twli lenablehimt of acel fiei n hist urn .
s i h e s u a c e b y l n o d lr o w s i h t o t n i e m o c s a h o h w g n i e b n a m u h a r o f y ti li b i s n o p s e r
.) 1 5 3 : 2 4 9 1 ( ti o t n i m i h t h g u o r b s t n e r a p
e t a t s m o r
F men tabove ,the relaitonship begin sfrom the parents ,and the
n e r d li h c e h t d n a n e r d li h c r i e h t h c a e t s t n e r a P . d li h c r i e h t r o f e l b i s n o p s e r e r a s t n e r a p
t n a tr o p m i s i y li m a f n i p i h s n o it a l e r e h t s e e s r e ti r w e h T . h c a e t s t n e r a p e h t t a h w o d
n a c t I . n e r d li h c e h t r o
f in lfuencef o rchlidrencommunicaitonandt heris ociety.
n i s il l
E On Lfie and Sex stated the parent sare deeply attached to thei r
. p u n w o r g e r a y e h t n e h w n e v e m e h t o t n e r d li h c n i a m e r l li t s o h w , n e r d li h
c The
s y a w l a s t n e r a
p guide a nd protec tthem to enjoy thei rsociety and thei raid ,and
n e r d li h c n i a m e r o t y l e ti n if e d n i e u n it n o c l l a h s n e r d li h c r i e h t t a h t t c e p x e y e h
t .On
, e d i s r i e h
t thechlidren remain and wli lalway sremain t endelry attached t o t hei r
s t n e r a
p (1957 :18-1 9 .)Healso said t ha tther elaitonship betweenparen tand chlid
s
i a soneo fmutua laffecitonandcareandther elaitonships houldconitnuet oexis t
e it a s
a (1957 :21 .)
o t t n a tr o p m i o s s i g n i n e t s il t a h t d i a s y e s l e K . e v o l s w o h s e r a c , e r o m r e h tr u F
p p a , n r e c n o c e h t s r e h t o g n i v i g s n a e m g n i v o L . e v o
l reciaiton and understanding
e v o l r o r o f e r a c d l u o w e w m o h w e n o y r e v e o t n e t s il o t d e e n e W . d e e n y e h t t a h t
7 6 : 1 8 9 1 , y e s l e K
( -68 ,85) . tIi sneededi nt hef amliyr elaitonship .Wtihoutt hatt he
e r a c d n a e v o L . ll e w n u r t o n t h g i m n o it a l e
r a rethekeyi naf amliy.
.
3 Theoryo fMessage
o t g n i d r o c c A . l e v o n g n i d u l c n i , e g a s s e m f o s n i a t n o c k r o w y r a r e ti l y r e v E
n i n o s d u
H An Introduciton to the Study o fLtierature ,he stated tha t“a good
e g r a l w e n s e s o l c s i d t a h t e g a s s e m a s i e g a s s e
, t c a
f heeven t ires t o createt hosepossibiilitest hemselves .A good message doe s
a b n r e tt a p w e n s e t a e r c t i t u b m r o n r o n r e tt a p l a r e n e g w o ll o f o t d n e t t o
n sed on
.) 3 2 : 8 5 9 1 ( s e u l a v n a m u h
n a c s r e d a e r e h t o s s e u l a v n a m u h n o d e s a b e g a s s e m d o o g a , t n e m e t a t s t a h t s A
s e g a s s e m d i a s r e t n u H d n a y t a e B , e li h W . s i d o o g e h t t a h w t u o b a e v it c e p s r e p t e g
r o d e t a t s y l p m i s e b n a c t a h t s n o i s u l c n o c y s a e e m o s r o g n i n a e m l a u t c a s a e r a
f o k r o w a e d i s n i d e z ir a m m u
s ar t (1989 : 899) . Moody in The Teaching o f
e r u t a r e ti
L , l tierary work alway soffer smora lmessage sconnected wtih human’ s
. ) 8 4 : 1 7 9 1 ( g n i e b n a m u h f o t h g ir e h t d n a r o i v a h e b
n i ) 2 2 : 0 9 9 1 ( n e t s E o t g n i d r o c c
A Kesusastraan : Penganta r Teor i dan
h a r a j e
S ,therearet wowayst or evea lamessage:
.
a Drieclty( exp ilcilty)
y lt c e ri d ) c t e , g n i h c a e t ,s e c i v d a ( e g a s s e m e h t s l a e v e r r o h t u a e h t , d o h t e m s i h t n I
e h t f o t r a p s a d e tr e s n i e r a h c i h w s t n e m m o c t c e ri d e h t h g u o r h t r e d a e r e h t o t
. r o h t u a e h t y b y r o t
s The purpose o fthi smethod i stha treader sge tthe
. y li s a e e g a s s e m
.
b Indrieclty i(mpilcilty)
In t hi smethod, t he autho rdoe sno treveal t hemessaged rieclty .Instead, t he
e h t s a h c u s , k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t f o s t n e m e l e r e h t o h g u o r h t t i s l a e v e r r o h t u a
t c a r a h c , s t c il f n o c , s t n e v e f o s e ir e
s ers ,and the character’ satttiude toward
s ll e t y ll a u t c a y r o t s e h t t a h w e d u l c n o c d n a t e r p r e t n i s r e d a e r e h T . s t c il f n o c
.t u o b a m e h
t The autho rgive sthe reader sfreedom to interpret the story ,
n i s i e g a s s e m e h t , d o h t e m t c e ri d e h t n i t a h t r a e l c s i ti t n e m e t a t s s ’ n e t s E m o r F
e h t d n if y li s a e n a c s r e d a e r e h t d n a t n e m m o c t c e ri d s ’ r o h t u a e h t f o m r o f e h t
e h t d n a m r o f e l b i s i v o n s a h e g a s s e m e h t , d o h t e m t c e ri d n i e h t n i e li h W . e g a s s e m
e r p r e t n i e r a s r e d a e
r ted t he messagethrough othe relement sof t hestory ,such a s
.t c il f n o c d n a , s r e t c a r a h c , t o l
p Therefore ,one ltierary work may contain vairou s
y r a r e ti l t a h t f o s t n e m e l e e h t g n i z y l a n a y b t i d n if n a c s r e d a e r e h t e s u a c e b s e g a s s e m
. k r o w
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t s a h c u s , d e d e e n s e ir o e h t e r a e r e h T
, p i h s n o it a l e r y r o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c andtheorymessage. Thet heory o fcharacte r
n i n o it s e u q t s ri f e h t r e w s n a o t e l b a ti u s e r a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n
a problem
n o it a l u m r o
f .By applying thi stheory ,the wrtie rwli lbe able to descirbe the
.r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c
m e l b o r p d n o c e s e h t r e w s n a o t d e s u s i p i h s n o it a l e r y li m a f f o y r o e h T
y b s e it il a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t e e s o t r e ti r w e h t p l e h l li w y r o e h t s i h T . n o it a l u m r o f
i s e d u ti tt a d n a s r o i v a h e b r i e h
t n the famliy .The wrtie rwli lable draw how the
.s d l a r e g z ti F e h t m o r f d e l a e v e r t a h t p i h s n o it a l e r
d ri h t e h t r e w s n a o t d e s u s i e g a s s e m f o y r o e h t e h
T problemf ormulaiton .By
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l a h W k c a b p m u H e h
t (1992) , Harvesitng the Heart(1993) , Picture t
c e f r e
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t u r
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e b ir c s e d t r a p d n o c e s e h T . y r o t
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I e rexplained the characteirzaiton o fthe
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c sstory .The character sare Anna Ftizgerald ,Sara Ftizgerald
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(brother) .
.
1 TheCharacteriza itono fAnnaFtizgerald
.
a Vigliant
r e h / s i h , r e t c a r a h c a e b ir c s e d o t d i a s y h p r u
M characteirsitc can be found
T . ) 2 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y p r u M ( r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o e h t h g u o r h
t hewrtie rfoundt ha tAnna
t n a li g i v s a
w through characte ra sseen by t heother .JuilaRomano camet o Anna ,
h e b o t d e k s a o v l a S e D e g d u J t a h t a n n A d l o t d n a f l e s r e h d e c u d o rt n i e h
s e rguardian
. d i a s e h s t a h w e r u s t o n s a w a n n A . m e ti l d a
d i a s o h w e n o e m o s y b d e p p a n d i k t o g o h w n o t k c o r B n i l ri g a s a w e r e h T ‘
e c a l p e h t o t r e h e v ir d d n a p u r e h k c i p o t m o m r e h y b d e k s a n e e b d ’ y e h t
( ’ d e k r o w m o m r e h e r e h
w p .107 .)
a il u J r o f r e tt a m t o n d i d t
I tha tAnna did no tbeileve her tha tshe wa sa
m e ti l d a n a i d r a u
. t e m t s u
j I tshowst heAnna’st hought .Annawa scarefulli fJuilawa sakidnappe r
k s a w l ri g a t a h t n o t k c o r B n i d e n e p p a h h c i h w e k
il idnapped by someone who
. p u r e h k c i p o t m o m r e h y b d e r e d r o d a h e h d e m i a l c
g n i v i g y d a e rl a e m f o t r a p a s i e r e h t t u
B Anna credi tfo rbeing wary:t hisi s
d n a g n o l g n i k n i h t s ’ e h s f I . s n o it a u ti s o t n i g n o l d a e h s e h s u r o h w d li h c a t o n
, e m h ti w f f o g n i o g t u o b a d r a
h presumably shemus thavet hought l ong and
( y li m a f r e h f o t e n e h t m o r f fl e s r e h g n il g n a t n u t u o b a d r a
h p .107).
i h
T s w as from Juila Romano’ sopinion .Juila though tAnna wa svigiilan t
e s u a c e
b s hewa scarefu land hardly beileve Ju ,ila whom she had j us tmet .Anna
. a il u J h ti w f f o g n i o g t u o b a d r a h d n a g n o l g n i k n i h t d n a y r a w g n i e b s a w
g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p t a h w m o r f n e v i g e b n a c c it s ir e t c a r a h c , y p r u M n o d e s a B
a il u J e s u a c e b , y r a w s a w e h s , a il u J t e m t s ri f a n n A n e h W . f
o wa ssrtangefo rher .
t h g u o h t e v a h d l u o c n e v e e h
S tha tJuilawa sa kidnappe.r These show Anna wa s
. g n i n e p p a h s a w t a h w o t n o it n e tt a l u f e r a c g n i v i g , t n a il i g i v
.
b Courageous
h g u o r h
T h ow characte r reacts, the wrtie r can descirbe the characte’r s
.) 8 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y p r u M ( c it s ir e t c a r a h
c Annawa scourageo . us Sheha sdecidedt hats he
e h S . e r o m y n a e v il s ’ e t a K p l e h o t t n a w t o n d i
d wa ssuinghe rparentsf ort he irght s
. y d o b n w o r e h o
t Actuallyshewast hi treen .Al tiltegri lwho stli lneeded atteniton
.s t n e r a p r e h e u s o t d e d i c e d t u b s t n e r a p r e h m o r f
o t h c u m o o t y a w s i e r e h
T explain – myown bloodseepingi nto my sister’ s
r o f p o r c t s e v r a h a s a s a w n r o b s a w I n o s a e r y l n o e h t t a h t t c a f e h T . .. ; s n i e v
t o n s ’t I ‘ . n a c I t s e b e h t o d I o s d n a , n i a l p x e o t h c u m o o t y a w s ’ e r e h T . .. e t a K
f m e h t e u s o t t n a w I ‘ . y a s I ’ ,s t n e r a p y m t s u J . d o
G ort he irghtst o my own
( ’ y d o
b p .1 . 8)
n e e tr i h t
A -aged l tilte gri lwa ssrtuggilng fo rhe rown irghts .Shewanted t o
y d o b n w o y m o t t h g ir e h t r o f s t n e r a p r e h e u
a , a n n A , n o i s i c e d g i b a s a w s i h T . ti u s w a l e h
t thitreen-aged gi lr ,sued fo rseeking
.s t n e r a p r e h m o r f n o it a p i c n a m e l a c i d e
m Atlhoughs heknewt ha the rmothe rwould
. e g a r u o c s a h e h s ,r e h o t y r g n a
e h t n e h w y a d e h T . r e h t o m r e h t e e m o t d i a r f a s a w a n n A , s t n e r a p r e h g n i u S
peititon wassentt o he rparents ,shedid no twantt o ilvea thome .Shedecided t o
A . e c if f o s i h n i r e h t a f r e h h ti w t s e r a e k a
t thitreen-aged ltilte gri lwa smaking
.f l e s r e h y b n o i s i c e
d Shew ascourageoust oencounte rhe rdfiifcutly.
.
c Jealous
a n n A . t h g ir s ’ a n n A d e r o n g i d n a e t a K o t n o it n e tt a r e h f o t s o m d e t o v e d a r a S
t a h t t h g u o h
t he rmotherdidnotr eally l oveher .WhenCoach Urilch tsen tAnnaa
t a h t r a e h o t y p p a h s a w e h s , p m a c o t n i d e t p e c c a s a w e h s t a h t g n i n i a t n o c e t o n
r e v i k o H s e k il e h s e s u a c e
b ymuch .However ,Annawa sno tallowed t o paritcipate
p m a C y e k o H r e m m u S l a o G n i s lr i G e h t o t n
i by he rmothe.r Whereas ,Sara
p e e l s t a h t o t o g e t a K d e w o ll
a -away camp ,theone fo rkid swtih l eukemia, when
e g a s ’ a n n A s a w e h
s (p .262 .)
d e n i a l p m o c a n n
A about he rmotherwho did no tfari .The reaciton showed
e h s t a h
t wasj ealous .Annacompared herseflt oKate .Shewa sjealousbecausehe r
s a e r e h w , p m a c e h t n i o j o t n o i s s i m r e p r e h e v i g t o n d i d r e h t o
m he rmother gave
. a n n A s a e g a e m a s e h t s a w e h s n e h w e t a K o t n o i s s i m r e p
m a I e s u a c e b t o N . n o it p o n a t o n s i a t o s e n n i M o t g n i o g , t n i o p t a h t l it n U
t a h w f o d i a r f a m a I e s u a c e b t u b , e r e h t a n n A o t n e p p a h t h g i m t a h w f o d i a r f a
t s e t a l s i h t s e v i v r u s e t a K f I . e n o g s i r e t s i s r e h e li h w e t a K o t n e p p a h t h g i m
w t i g n o l w o h s w o n k o h w , e s p a l e
r li lbebeforeanothe rcirsi shappens?And
a n n A d e e n l li w e w , s e o d t i n e h
w – he rblood ,he rstem cells ,he r itssue–
n o i s s i m r e p t e g t o n d i d e h s e s u a c e b y p p a h n u d n a y r g n a g n il e e f s a w a n n A
. t o g e t a K s a e k
il Ther eason he rmotherdid no tallow Annawa sno tbecauseshe
s a
w afraid o fAnna bu tKate. He rmothe rworired abou tKate’ sdisease relapsed
. e r e h t t o n s a w a n n A n e h
w Annaalso said t ha the rparent sdid no tpayatteniton t o
.r e h m o r f g n i h t e m o s d e d e e n y e h t n e h w e m a c y l n o y e h T . r e h
y a p y ll a e r t ’ n o d y e h T ‘ . e c a f r e h s r e v o c r i a h r e h t a h t o s , n w o d s k o o l e h S
t ’ n d l u o w I . g n i h t e m o s r o d o o l b y m d e e n y e h t n e h w t c e p x e , e m o t n o it n e tt a
0 2 . p p ( k c i s g n i e b e t a K r o f t’ n s a w t i fi , e v il a e b n e v
e -2 1 .)
r s a h o s l a e h S . ri a f n u s a w r e h t o m r e h t l e f a n n
A ightst o ge tpermission from
. r e h t o m r e
h Katealway sgo twha tshe wanted bu tAnna did not .Actually, Anna
.t o g e t a K t a h t n o it n e tt a t e g d e t n a w t s u j e h S . e t a K e t a h t o n d i
d Annawa sjealous fo
d l u o w e h s t a h t n o it n e tt a d n a n o i s s i m r e p g n it t e g r o f k c u l s ’ e t a
K il . ke No tonlyt ha t
s a h a r a S t a h T . y a d y r e v e n o it n e tt a s t e g s y a w l a e t a K o s l a t u b n o i s s i m r e p t e g d i d e h s
.s u o l a e j a n n A e d a m y a d y r e v e e t a K r o f e m it
.
2 TheCharacteriza itono fSaraFtizgerald
.
a Stubborn
it a p i c n a m e l a c i d e m r e h t e g o t r e h d e u s a n n A t a h t w e n k e h s n e h
W on ,Sara
t i t a h t t h g u o h t e h S . a n n A o t y r g n a s a
w wa samustf o rAnnat ogivehe rkidneyt o
h g u o r h T . e t a K e v a
s he rspeech t o Anna ,the wrtie rfound tha tSara i sstubborn .
e h t t a h w n i r e t c a r a h c e h t f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k n a c s r e d a e r e h t d i a s y p r u M
.) 4 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y p r u M ( r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c n i r o s y a s n o s r e p
e h s , a n n A y b d e u s s a w e h s t a h t w e n k a r a S r e tf
A told t o Anna .Sheasked
t t u o b a n i a g a k n i h t o t a n n
A he dono ro fhe rkidney .Anna did no tchange he r
e
